This paper discusses how urban institutions affect urban form. It presents an introduction of the position of urban institutions into the research framework of new institutional economics, discusses the relationship b...This paper discusses how urban institutions affect urban form. It presents an introduction of the position of urban institutions into the research framework of new institutional economics, discusses the relationship between institutional reform and development of urban morphology, and carries out a comparison on New York, Hong Kong, and Barcelona in four aspects, i.e., policy-dominated type(formal and informal), regulatory strategy(compulsory and incentive), policy beneficiary(public and private), and the role of the government(manager and mediator), to attempt to ascertain in what specifi c ways institutions directly or indirectly affect changes in urban texture and urban form. Thereupon, it argues that release of institutions may not achieve its predicted purpose. On the contrary, the form of a city, generated unexpectedly and spontaneously within scope of the rules will to some extent prompt the transformation of old institutions. Finally, it indicates that the interaction between "effect" and "feedback" is actually a circular causal reaction.展开更多
This paper discusses how urban institutions affect urban form. It presents an introduction of the position of urban institutions into the research framework of new institutional economics, discusses the relationship b...This paper discusses how urban institutions affect urban form. It presents an introduction of the position of urban institutions into the research framework of new institutional economics, discusses the relationship between institutional reform and development of urban morphology, and carries out a comparison on New York, Hong Kong, and Barcelona in four aspects, i.e., policy-dominated type(formal and informal), regulatory strategy(compulsory and incentive), policy benefi ciary(public and private), and the role of the government(manager and mediator), to attempt to ascertain in what specifi c ways institutions directly or indirectly affect changes in urban texture and urban form. Thereupon, it argues that the release of institutions may not achieve its predicted purpose. On the contrary, the form of a city, generated unexpectedly and spontaneously within the scope of rules will to some extent prompt the transformation of old institutions. Finally, it indicates that the interaction between "effect" and "feedback" is actually a circular causal reaction.展开更多
缺乏运动导致的健康问题日益受到关注,积极生活将增加体力活动融入日常。"设计下的积极生活"("Active Living by Design",ALbD)项目应对健康问题被发起,从而更新项目理念与策略以适应新发展。本文首先梳理积极生活...缺乏运动导致的健康问题日益受到关注,积极生活将增加体力活动融入日常。"设计下的积极生活"("Active Living by Design",ALbD)项目应对健康问题被发起,从而更新项目理念与策略以适应新发展。本文首先梳理积极生活相关研究的发展脉络与实施评估,其次以时间为轴线例举不同层次的实践项目,包括计划初期、发展阶段和项目最新实践。研究成果、评估结果、实践经验都为ALbD模式更新提供了基础。本文最后重点分析ALbD新模式的理念、策略与发展变化,并结合案例提出设计需要兼顾合作与公平、可持续发展思想,同时要聚焦服务群体、调动民间资本、构建社会规制。本文通过解析设计的政策属性与制度导向,以期为我国的积极设计与研究提供借鉴。展开更多
基金supported by "Graduate Training and Development Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education"(BLCXY201524)the "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"(TD2011-35)
文摘This paper discusses how urban institutions affect urban form. It presents an introduction of the position of urban institutions into the research framework of new institutional economics, discusses the relationship between institutional reform and development of urban morphology, and carries out a comparison on New York, Hong Kong, and Barcelona in four aspects, i.e., policy-dominated type(formal and informal), regulatory strategy(compulsory and incentive), policy beneficiary(public and private), and the role of the government(manager and mediator), to attempt to ascertain in what specifi c ways institutions directly or indirectly affect changes in urban texture and urban form. Thereupon, it argues that release of institutions may not achieve its predicted purpose. On the contrary, the form of a city, generated unexpectedly and spontaneously within scope of the rules will to some extent prompt the transformation of old institutions. Finally, it indicates that the interaction between "effect" and "feedback" is actually a circular causal reaction.
基金supported by "Graduate Training and Development Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education" (BLCXY201524)the "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities" (TD2011-35)
文摘This paper discusses how urban institutions affect urban form. It presents an introduction of the position of urban institutions into the research framework of new institutional economics, discusses the relationship between institutional reform and development of urban morphology, and carries out a comparison on New York, Hong Kong, and Barcelona in four aspects, i.e., policy-dominated type(formal and informal), regulatory strategy(compulsory and incentive), policy benefi ciary(public and private), and the role of the government(manager and mediator), to attempt to ascertain in what specifi c ways institutions directly or indirectly affect changes in urban texture and urban form. Thereupon, it argues that the release of institutions may not achieve its predicted purpose. On the contrary, the form of a city, generated unexpectedly and spontaneously within the scope of rules will to some extent prompt the transformation of old institutions. Finally, it indicates that the interaction between "effect" and "feedback" is actually a circular causal reaction.
文摘缺乏运动导致的健康问题日益受到关注,积极生活将增加体力活动融入日常。"设计下的积极生活"("Active Living by Design",ALbD)项目应对健康问题被发起,从而更新项目理念与策略以适应新发展。本文首先梳理积极生活相关研究的发展脉络与实施评估,其次以时间为轴线例举不同层次的实践项目,包括计划初期、发展阶段和项目最新实践。研究成果、评估结果、实践经验都为ALbD模式更新提供了基础。本文最后重点分析ALbD新模式的理念、策略与发展变化,并结合案例提出设计需要兼顾合作与公平、可持续发展思想,同时要聚焦服务群体、调动民间资本、构建社会规制。本文通过解析设计的政策属性与制度导向,以期为我国的积极设计与研究提供借鉴。
