Social interactions in periodic urban markets and their contributions to sustainable livelihoods:Evidence from Ghana

Periodic markets are an important aspect of local economies,providing a platform for farmers(producers),wholesalers,retailers,and consumers to interact face-to-face and exchange goods and services.These markets have been increasing in urban areas in Africa,Asia,and South America because of urbanization.The increase of periodic urban markets(PUMs)in urban areas is observed as an index of modernization,reflecting a response to transition process.However,there are limited studies on how social interactions in PUMs contribute to sustainable livelihoods.This study investigated the types of social interactions occurring in PUMs in Ghana,the benefits of social interactions for participants of PUMs,and how social interactions contribute to sustainable livelihoods.This research interviewed 162 participants,comprising 27 farmers(farmers were regarded as producers in this study),61 retailers,47 wholesalers from 9 selected PUMs across Ghana,and 27 officers from government institutions and non-governmental market associations to obtain their opinions.We analyzed the interview data using the NVivo software.The results showed that there are seven kinds of social interactions in PUMs,including(i)producer-wholesaler relationship,(ii)producer-consumer relationship,(iii)wholesaler-retailer relationship,(iv)retailer-consumer relationship,(v)trader-driver relationship,(vi)trader-institution relationship,and(vii)trader-international buyer relationship.We found that these social interactions in PUMs enhance sustainable livelihoods by supporting human,social,financial,natural,and physical assets of traders(traders refer to producers,wholesalers,and retailers in this study).Therefore,we concluded that the development of policies to improve PUMs could strengthen social interactions,enabling the achievement of sustainable livelihoods in developing countries.

Urban Market-Gardening in Parakou (Republic of Benin): Spatial Dynamics, Food Security, Protection of the Environment and Creation of Employments

Nowadays, African cities are subjected to upsets which result from the extraordinary growth of urban populations. The growth of the population of cities has induced some changes in the structure of the activity of those cities. Agriculture which was formerly confined to the countryside henceforth develops in the urban area and occupies a preponderant place as a strategy of survival, of insertion and of food supplying of the city-dwellers. It has become an activity integrated to the urban tissue through systems of occupying and exploitation of land in the urban area. Population growth (4.81%) between 2002 and 2013 is a critical poverty rate (65%) of the population of Parakou city, entailing a misery perceptible in all its social and economic dimensions. The market-gardening activity has integrated itself to the urban tissue. The objective of this study is to understand how urban agriculture through market-gardening can be a solution for rural farmers who have moved to Parakou city. In this study, documentary research, interviews and field observation are used for data collection. The main results to be signaled among others are: evolution and status of the market-gardening areas in Parakou, the reduction of food insecurity with the permanent availability in quantity and in quality of market-gardening products accessible to the population: the protection of the environment through the drainage of the urban area and the preservation of the diversity of vegetables;the increase of the income of the households of the farmers and the creation of employments.

The Division of Labor and Cooperation between Market and Government in the Unified Urban and Rural Construction Land Market

In the process of establishing the unified market of construction land between city and countryside,both of the market mechanism and the government mechanism are indispensable to the allocation of resources,but they are both powerless in some ways. This paper starts from the related theory of economics,and draws a conclusion that the unified market of construction land between urban countryside will be established unless the market mechanism and the government mechanism work collaboratively. Finally,the paper puts forward the recommendations for ensuring the coordination between market mechanism and government mechanism: reforming the agricultural land property rights system; reforming the existing land law system; establishing the modern land tax system; transforming the government functions.

Tourism Marketing Strategies for Satellite City against the Background of New Urbanization

Considering the development features of new urbanization, and tourism development conditions of Xinzhou District, Wuhan City, this paper explored the inner integrated point of new urbanization and tourism industry, and on this basis proposed strategies for tourism marketing of satellite city by innovating traditional marketing, and applying new marketing methods, so as to build a high-efficiency, high-coverage marketing network, to promote the development of urban tourism, the integration of industries, and economic strength of satellite city, and to push forward the further implementation of new urbanization.

Study on the Construction of China's Unified Urban-rural Construction Land Market

State-owned urban construction land market in China has evolved and been improved gradually, but use system of rural collective construction land has lagged far behind, so the urban-rural construction land market in China has been split with a result that use effi ciency of land resources is poor and collective land property rights of peasants are damaged. On the basis of analyzing problems of the current construction land market and also the causes, modern land property theory and institutional change of neoinstitutional economics are applied to study dynamical mechanism and development path of the construction land market, to construct the unifi ed construction land market system of China, and to propose corresponding guarantee policies, so as to achieve the effective allocation of construction land and maximization of social welfare.

我国城市更新规划的演进与转型——基于“政府—市场—社会”关系分析框架

政府、市场与社会的关系决定城市更新的策略与走向。借鉴“政府—市场—社会”关系分析框架,以北上广深为例,梳理我国特大城市自21世纪以来城市更新的变迁,阐述其规划响应策略。针对近年来我国城市更新规划策略的转向,分析我国宏观社会经济环境的变化,并就城市更新中的“政府—市场—社会”关系进行解读,随后对城市更新中的战略转向进行探讨。

中国城市数字经济发展的资源配置效应

优化资源配置是建设全国统一大市场的基本目标,基于市场价格、竞争与风险机制的市场化视角,以中国城市数字经济发展实践为基础,构建“数字经济—市场化—资源配置”的理论分析框架,并运用全国地级市样本数据,在测算城市数字经济和资源配置效率指数的基础上实证分析。实证发现:中国城市数字经济发展显著改善了资源配置扭曲,这一结论在考虑指数测度误差、内生性问题以及外生政策冲击等因素后依然成立;市场化是数字经济提高资源配置效率的有效途径;数字经济对资源配置扭曲的优化效应存在边际递减的非线性特征,且在优化效应的结构差异上存在“资本—产品—劳动力”的递进逻辑;中国城市数字经济发展能够改善城市间产品和资本配置扭曲相互强化的内生交互循环,但也可能因城市间的“虹吸效应”导致劳动力配置在空间上产生“新扭曲”现象。

Model and Strategy of Urban and Rural Construction Land Market Integration

At present,one of the important contents of China s rural land system reform is to build a unified construction land market in urban and rural areas.The unified construction land market in urban and rural areas will produce higher economic and social benefits.It is imperative to promote the integration of urban and rural construction land market to improve the income of farmers,invigorate the stock of rural collective construction land and improve the efficiency of land use.This paper analyzes the current situation of urban and rural construction land market,the two models and typical cases of urban and rural construction land market integration,the restrictive factors and practical difficulties of urban and rural construction land market integration,and puts forward some suggestions and measures.This provides a theoretical basis for accelerating the integration of urban and rural construction land market,and hopes to provide a certain reference for the integration of urban and rural construction land market.

分割还是融合:数字经济如何影响中国城乡劳动力就业市场

中国经济步入新时代后,数字经济的快速发展为城乡劳动力就业市场带来了新的挑战。区别于以往在传统经济发展情境下对城乡劳动力就业市场的研究,本文将数字经济发展与中国城乡劳动力就业市场纳入同一研究框架,以探究数字经济冲击对城乡劳动力就业市场的影响。在理论上,构建数字经济冲击背景下城乡边际劳动生产力分割和劳动力流动的理论模型;实证上,基于2013~2020年中国省级面板数据,检验了数字经济对城乡劳动力就业市场的影响与机制,并进一步分析了数字金融的效能。研究发现:第一,数字经济显著促进了城乡劳动力就业市场的分割,这一结论在利用多种方法进行稳健性检验后依然成立;第二,数字经济对城乡劳动力市场分割的影响具有区域异质性差异,所有制分割是数字经济推动城乡劳动力市场分割的重要条件;第三,数字经济相关产业的发展及区域产业结构的转型升级是数字经济影响城乡劳动力就业市场分割的有效机制;第四,数字金融作为产业数字化融合的典范,显著抑制了城乡劳动力就业市场分割。此结论可为探讨数字经济为城乡劳动力就业市场带来何种改变,以及带来这种改变的机制为何提供有益参考。

市场一体化与经济韧性:基于长三角地区的经验证据

以长三角地区为例,基于2003—2021年数据,本文从产品和要素市场双重视角,探究市场一体化对城市经济韧性的影响机理。结果发现,产品、劳动和资本市场一体化均可赋能经济韧性。在外生冲击检验中,产品和劳动市场一体化能够缓解冲击对经济的负面影响。异质性分析发现,都市圈和城市群的设立一定程度增强了市场一体化作用。服务功能专业化城市和外资依存度较高城市主要通过产品市场一体化发挥作用;而生产功能专业化城市、外资依存度较低城市、政商关系较“亲廉”城市更依赖要素市场一体化。机制检验表明,技术创新、产业结构升级和经济集聚是产品和劳动市场一体化提高城市经济韧性的重要渠道,资本市场一体化仅能通过技术创新提高城市经济韧性。

农村电商对城乡统一大市场的影响机制与实证检验

基于中国省级面板数据,运用双边随机前沿模型定量考察了农村电商对城乡市场一体化的驱动作用,结果显示:农村电商对城乡市场的整合效应占比为69.2%,分割效应占比为30.8%,净效应占比为38.4%;时空差异性分析显示,农村电商对城乡市场一体化的净效应整体呈现缩小态势,对南部沿海、西南、西北等地区影响更为明显;非线性分析表明,在农村电商和城乡市场一体化发展水平较低的地区,农村电商对城乡市场一体化的影响较为强烈。进一步分析发现,农村电商能够通过提升运输效率、优化营商环境促进城乡市场整合,也会通过强化人才分布和资本流动不平衡加剧城乡市场分割。因此,应坚持完善电商的制度设计和发展规划,努力建设系统、完整的现代农村电商体系。

走向一体化的城乡土地市场:制度变迁与动态效率

建设全国统一大市场必须优化土地要素市场化配置,土地要素市场化配置是推动实体经济发展的基础支撑,是深化供给侧结构性改革的内在要求,是促进城乡区域协调发展的客观需要。本文研究我国城乡土地市场一体化改革的效率问题,并从制度变迁视角考察其内在逻辑及特征,通过构建土地经济的世代交叠基准模型,提出动态有效率的充分条件,并根据我国城乡土地市场的实际情况,对上述基准模型的假设条件进行调整,分别论证市场分割及一体化制度下各经济部门的动态效率,然后运用诺思的制度变迁理论,对我国城乡土地市场从市场分割到一体化改革的路径、渐进性及经济绩效予以阐释。本文认为市场分割的城乡土地经济均是动态无效率的,市场一体化的土地经济则是动态有效率的,促进制度变迁的根本原因是相对价格的变化。因此,建立城乡统一的建设用地市场有助于提升经济效率,该制度变迁具有渐进性及路径依赖性特点。

城乡融合发展的内在逻辑与路径选择:基于农民发展的思考

在城乡关系的不断演进中,我国的城乡融合发展形成了独特的内在逻辑与融合路径。“以农民发展为核心,以国家战略规划为引领,以制度优化创新为抓手,政府作用与市场力量协同推进”是新时代城乡融合发展的核心逻辑,其与农民中心逻辑、市场逻辑等具体逻辑,以及农民发展与市民发展协同、农民积极性创造性与农民收益协同、制度优化创新与战略规划协同、政府作用与市场力量协同等协同逻辑,共同构成一个系统化的逻辑体系。城乡融合发展具有全面性和长期性,必须坚持党中央集中统一领导。应深刻认识城乡关系的主要矛盾,全力推进以农民发展为核心的城乡融合发展;科学利用制度优化创新规律,全面推进战略规划引领的城乡融合发展;正确把握政府与市场的辩证关系,促使政府作用与市场力量协同推进城乡融合发展。

中国城市群统一大市场建设的动态演进与时空收敛性

以2005—2019年中国十五大城市群为研究样本,基于相对价格法对商品市场、资本要素市场、劳动力要素市场一体化水平进行测算,并利用纵横向拉开档次法测度城市群统一大市场建设水平,使用Kernel密度估计、马尔可夫链、σ收敛和β收敛等方法分析其动态演进及收敛性。研究发现:(1)中国十五大城市群统一大市场建设水平呈现波动上升的变化趋势,商品市场一体化水平要高于资本和劳动力要素市场;(2)城市群统一大市场建设水平的演变趋势表现出绝对差异较大、多极化程度增强的特征,且存在俱乐部趋同与马太效应;(3)城市群统一大市场建设存在显著的β收敛趋势,而空间因素会加速其收敛。据此提出着力推动资本和劳动力要素自由流动,促进要素市场一体化,以城市群为载体加速推进统一大市场建设,采取因地制宜的发展策略,为城市群统一大市场建设配置相适应的要素等政策建议。

多中心空间结构对城乡融合发展的影响研究

基于2008—2021年省级面板数据的二次项修正模型,以两种“借用规模”视角考察多中心空间结构对城乡融合的影响及其作用机制。实证结果表明:第一,多中心空间结构对城乡融合的影响呈先上升后下降的倒U形特征。当前除了山东、广东和内蒙古三个地区已出现超出最优多中心水平的现象外,全国大部分地区的城乡融合尚处于随着多中心水平发展而逐步提升的阶段。第二,对于东部地区来说,交通基础设施和市场一体化是多中心空间结构影响城乡融合的有效途径,而中、西部地区由于多中心空间结构发展并未达到最优规模,交通基础设施和市场一体化的作用并未凸显。第三,城市之间的地理距离在多中心空间结构的城乡融合效应中发挥着显著的正U形调节作用。

土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响研究--基于城市面板数据的检验分析

文章基于2011—2022年中国地级市的面板数据,测算地级市土地出让市场化水平与地级市碳排放绩效,采用空间面板模型、工具变量法及调节效应模型等实证方法,检验了土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响及其内在机制。研究发现:土地出让市场化与城市碳排放绩效之间呈显著的“U”型非线性关系,且通过系列稳健性检验与内生性处理后,该结论依然成立;作用机制检验表明,资源配置与产业结构升级在土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的作用机制中发挥中介作用;调节效应检验表明,双重目标约束在土地出让市场化与碳排放绩效关系中发挥显著调节作用。研究结论有助于深入理解土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响效果和内在机理,为推进土地出让市场化发展、提升城市碳排放绩效和优化目标约束提供有益借鉴。

城乡要素市场分割、数字普惠金融与资源配置效率

数字普惠金融作为具有跨地域属性的金融工具在一定程度上能够缓解城乡二元结构对资源有效配置的阻碍。本文采用2009—2018年间的省际面板数据,通过FGLS模型进行实证分析。研究发现:城乡要素市场分割主要通过阻碍农村劳动要素向城镇转移以及城镇资本要素向农村转移等路径抑制资源配置效率的提升;数字普惠金融既具有直接的资源配置效应,又能反向调节城乡要素市场分割对资源配置效率的抑制作用。进一步分析发现,数字普惠金融的调节效应在使用广度、数字支持服务程度以及金融产品协同等子维度均得以明显发挥;同时,该调节效应在基础设施不完善、地区要素禀赋偏资本密集型以及失业率较高时仍然成立。

制造业集聚对城市经济韧性的影响研究

在城市迈向高质量发展的进程中,面对复杂多变的国内外环境,提升城市经济韧性变得越发重要。文章在探究制造业集聚对城市经济韧性影响机理的基础上,运用2008—2021年中国278个城市面板数据进行实证研究。研究发现:制造业集聚可以显著提升城市经济韧性,且这一影响作用具有明显的异质性;有效市场与有为政府的耦合协同效应在制造业集聚提升城市经济韧性的过程中起正向调节作用且具有异质性;空间效应分析表明,制造业集聚对城市经济韧性提升具有正向空间溢出效应。据此,文章针对如何提高城市经济韧性提出相应对策建议。

新型城镇化、市场化改革与数字经济发展

随着中国正式迈入新发展阶段,高效推进新型城镇化建设,进一步加速数字经济发展,着力构建高水平现代化市场体系已然成为中国“十四五”时期乃至未来助力高质量发展的关键举措。基于中国30个省份2011-2020年的面板数据,综合运用面板向量自回归模型、耦合协调度模型、双重固定效应模型等方法客观揭示了新型城镇化、市场化改革与数字经济三大系统的互动关系、耦合协调发展程度及其有效驱动因素,得到以下研究结论:第一,新型城镇化能够显著推动地区市场化改革,市场化改革有利于促进数字经济发展;新型城镇化与数字经济则能够彼此支持、相互促进;第二,中国新型城镇化、市场化改革与数字经济的耦合协调程度稳步提升,三大系统间的互动联系愈发密切,协调发展态势已基本形成,但总体呈现由东向西的区域梯度差距分布;第三,固定资产投资、政府干预、科技创新等因素则是驱动三大系统耦合协调发展的关键。由此表明,创新完善宏观调控政策,科学引导,精准施策,统筹推动新型城镇化、市场化改革与数字经济的稳健发展,合理实现三者间的高水平联动,将是当代中国实现经济转型与高质量发展的题中应有之义。

城市文旅新媒体营销策略研究

2023年开始,中国文旅市场迅速复苏。城市文旅新媒体营销环境在政治、经济、文化和技术方面都发生了巨大的变化。文章在梳理城市文旅的新媒体营销环境的基础上,详细分析山东淄博、贵州榕江和黑龙江哈尔滨三个在2023年通过新媒体营销走红的城市(县),并为后续的城市文旅如何通过新媒体进行营销提供新媒体策略建议。