Application of Green Roof in Relieving Urban Waterlogging: A Review

Green roof plays a critical role in regulating roof runoff by reducing runoff, delaying runoff generation, reducing runoff peak flow and improving runoff water quality effectively. On the basis of introducing significance and role of green roof, this paper reviewed domestic and international researches on the green roof's control over roof runoff, and analyzed the factors that influence the control of green roof over the runoff, so as to provide a theoretical support and method for the construction of green roofs in urban districts.

Landscape Design of Urban Extensive Green Roofs

This study analyzed the structure and ecological characteristics of extensive green roofs in cities, proposed the concept of combining landscape and ecological environment elements, and expounded the guiding role of green roofs in China's future urban design, in order to provide new ideas for the effective development of the ecological and aesthetic functions of the extensive green roofs in the future urban landscape design.

Development of a Generic Model for the Detection of Roof Materials Based on an Object-Based Approach Using WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery

The detection of impervious surface (IS) in heterogeneous urban areas is one of the most challenging tasks in urban remote sensing. One of the limitations in IS detection at the parcel level is the lack of sufficient training data. In this study, a generic model of spatial distribution of roof materials is considered to overcome this limitation. A generic model that is based on spectral, spatial and textural information which is extracted from available training data is proposed. An object-based approach is used to extract the information inherent in the image. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis is used for dimensionality reduction and to discriminate between different spatial, spectral and textural attributes. The generic model is composed of a discriminant function based on linear combinations of the predictor variables that provide the best discrimination among the groups. The discriminate analysis result shows that of the 54 attributes extracted from the WorldView-2 image, only 13 attributes related to spatial, spectral and textural information are useful for discriminating different roof materials. Finally, this model is applied to different WorldView-2 images from different areas and proves that this model has good potential to predict roof materials from the WorldView-2 images without using training data.

Comparison of distribution characteristics of asbestos cement slates in rural and urban regions of Korea

The toxicity of asbestos has been constantly an active research topic.Although asbestos has lots of advantages owing to its stable physicochemical properties and economic characteristics,nations enforce policies prohibiting or limiting its use because of its critical impact on human health.Especially in Korea 96% of imported asbestos are slate construction materials and with the influence of Saemaul movement,thatched roofs have been drastically replaced with slate roofs.Efforts to know the distribution characteristics of extensively used asbestos cement slates and to find out the removal method that suits the distribution characteristics are still in an insufficient state.The purpose of this work was to probe into the distribution of asbestos cement slate buildings in Korea and provide basic data of distribution characteristics for policy making in which consideration of the differences between rural and urban regions is necessary based on findings of the studies so far.It is considered helpful in many ways to solving asbestos cement slate related problems in countries where asbestos usage is increasing even after the 2000s including China.

Green roofs for storm water management:a review

The rapid urbanization and industrialization involve an unsustainable use of natural systems,leading to various problems in cities.The urban hydrological system experiences fluctuating amount of surface runoff water when it rains heavily.It has been suggested that green roofs significantly mitigate storm water runoff generation even in tropical climate.Green roofs have become popular due to its proven benefits by mitigating urban heat island effects and protecting biodiversity.The annual rainfall and runoff relationship for green roofs is determined by the depth of the substrate.Water retention capacity mostly depends on substrate's physical conditions such as dry or wetness.Generally 6 mm to 12 mm rainfall is required for dry substrate to initiate runoff whereas response of wet conditions is mostly straight.Besides,there are some other factors affecting runoff dynamics such as type of a green roof and its slope,age of green roof,type of vegetation,soil moisture characteristics,weather.The review indicates that there is not much research in green roofs performance over storm water runoff;hence there is a need for further research.This paper reviews and addresses the role of green roofs in urban storm water management.

Employing Green Roofs to Support Endangered Plant Species: The Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub in Australia

The purpose and context for the study relates to urban growth. Australian cities are experiencing particularly rapid urbanization, taking the form of land clearing to accommodate outward expansion as well as developing to higher densities in existing urban areas. Both forms of development degrade native biodiversity, resulting in loss of vegetation with the possibility that the remnant indigenous plants will become locally extinct. One endangered ecological community in Sydney, the Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub (ESBS), still survives along some sections of Sydney’s heavily urbanized coastline. At the time of European settlement, the ESBS covered approximately 5300 ha, but it is now a highly fragmented 146 ha across 24 sites with some sites under imminent threat of development. Conservation legislation enacted by the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia has declared the ESBS as critically endangered. Despite recovery plans, in 2016 the NSW Threatened Species Scientific Committee indicated that the community faces an extremely high risk of extinction in Australia in the immediate future. A practical option in the face of declining open space in our cities is to examine the potential of urban rooftops for conserving and propagating threatened or endangered flora. While there is a limited amount of international research on using green roofs for endangered plant protection, there is no information from Australia about how green roofs perform in this geographic region. The approach taken in this research has been firstly, to review the current academic and “grey” literature from a global perspective to identify options for conserving endangered flora on green roofs. We derive an evidence-based research protocol to be used to test the green roof environment in Sydney for propagating the endangered ESBS. We establish the general applicability of green roofs for protecting vanishing flora through the literature review and conclude that our research design will be a suitable framework for the task for monitoring growth and germination performance over the ESBS community’s development cycle, with the longer-term objective of establishing a viable rooftop seed orchard.

建筑间遮挡对光伏发电系统输出功率影响的研究

城市建筑屋顶的光伏发电利用潜力与其遮挡条件密切相关。因此,仅根据太阳辐照度评估城市建筑屋顶光伏发电利用潜力,未考虑城市建筑之间的相互遮挡因素,会导致一些情景下的评估结果偏大。为了准确评估城市建筑屋顶光伏发电利用潜力,采用建筑相对朝向、容积面积比及建筑群垂直和水平分布这3个城市形态参数作为预测变量,采用3D建筑模型进行实验,模拟不同形态建筑遮挡,获得多组有效实验数据,对城市不同形态建筑间的遮挡系数进行了量化分析;借助数据统计分析软件SPSS对多组实验数据完成统计分析后,建立了建筑群预测遮挡统计模型,并以长沙市某小区为例对该统计模型的适用性进行了验证,预测了该小区不同情景下的建筑屋顶光伏发电利用潜力。结果显示:利用该统计模型可得到被遮挡建筑的阴影遮挡水平,从而能更好地利用建筑屋顶光伏发电。研究结果提供了一种量化城市屋顶光伏组件遮挡系数的方法,对实现光伏建筑一体化和可持续城市发展有推进作用,可在城市区域建筑规划阶段模拟和预测屋顶遮挡情况。

存量发展下城市工业区增绿节地式发展研判——以上海典型产业园区为例

存量发展下,为应对工业用地产出绩效和环境品质的双重提升压力,屋顶绿化成为产业园区升级改造中提升环境品质的有效途径。文章构建适宜产业园区应用推广的草坪式屋顶绿化的适建性评价体系,选取上海典型的优化类及转型类产业园区为研究样本,评估样区内屋顶绿化的适建情况;进而将适建屋顶绿化面积折算成可增加的地面绿地率,评估园区环境品质的提升潜力。结果表明,产业园区适于推广建设屋顶绿化,不仅能够提升园区环境品质,而且可适当置换获得用地开发指标增量收益。

Characteristics of Roof Greening in Honghe Hani Nationality and Yi Nationality Autonomous Prefecture

Through reviewing roof greening history in Honghe Hani Nationality and Yi Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, the distinguishing characteristics and physical properties of 5 roof greening types in this region were analyzed from the perspective of humanistic concept, ethnic culture and biological diversity, the prospects and significance of roof greening in the local area were predicted.

城市建筑屋顶空间设计研究

随着城市化进程加速,城市公共空间紧缺,建筑屋顶逐渐成为城市公共空间的拓展对象。结合实际案例,总结建筑屋顶空间类型,通过分析公共开放空间、景观绿植空间与生态绿色空间,提出建筑屋顶空间的利用方式,实现与城市空间的融合,进而营造出具有视觉美学的城市天际线。

城市科技农业提升策略研究——以城市屋顶农业为例

我国城市化进程越来越快,随之而来的是“热岛效应”、生态环境堪忧、城市耕地少等问题。城市屋顶农业是缓解眼下困境的一剂良药。本文在明晰基本概念之后论述了发展城市屋顶农业意义,分析了现阶段存在的部分问题,并提出了相关解决路径,为城市屋顶农业的健康发展提供参考。

工业遗产木屋架修缮施工技术研究

作为上海曾经的工业集中地,黄浦江两岸汇聚了大量的工业建筑。由于缺少日常的维护,不少工业遗产已经出现了沉降、裂缝甚至局部坍塌等问题。木屋架的损伤尤其严重,亟待整修。针对木屋架存在的不同损伤情况,通过研究合理的修缮手段,最终使这些工业遗产及时消除病患,提高了整个木屋架的结构安全、耐久性、美观度,发挥其新的建筑功能。

海绵城市建设技术

海绵城市是一种综合性、多元化的城市生态系统,是以保护、修复和利用自然水循环系统为主要目标,其可实现城市的可持续发展。通过收集、过滤、回用和渗透等方式,合理利用雨水资源,降低洪涝灾害风险,减轻城市排水系统的压力。利用绿化和自然化手段,增加城市绿地面积和植被覆盖率,以提高城市的生态环境和空气质量。城市通过铺设透水铺装、建设绿色屋顶和垂直绿化等措施,提高了城市地表的透水性,促进自然水文循环,改善城市排水系统,通过建设雨水花园、湖泊等方式,提高了城市的抗洪排涝能力,缓解了城市洪涝灾害的风险。通过列举深圳市采用城市海绵技术建设的具体案例,印证了城市海绵技术带来的社会效益。

城市老旧社区微更新研究及设计——以成都市玉林社区为例

文章以玉林社区2个具有代表性的场地为研究对象,利用场地的现有条件进行微更新、微改造,使其能够承载更多的功能,让老旧小区重新焕发新生机。以期对未来的社区更新发展提出一些思考,提升居民的幸福感和舒适感。

城市CBD核心区第六立面动态营造——以福田中心区为例

以福田中心区第六立面提升专项行动试点为例,探讨城市CBD核心区第六立面动态营造策略,包括维护屋面基础环境、优化设施与材料、营造植被景观、植入场所空间及塑形特色风貌等方面,为打造城市核心区可持续发展环境提供指导。

“双碳”背景下闽东南沿海城市通风光伏屋顶设计策略研究——以福州市某高校体育馆为例

“双碳”目标下,光伏发电被作为减碳有效手段快速发展,传统通风屋顶由于达不到理想效益被逐渐淘汰。以福州市为例,通过考虑风向指标和太阳高度角,研究一种适用于东南沿海城市的通风光伏屋顶。采用Cite Space数据分析、Ecotect和PHOENICS软件数据模拟检验研究假设,得出新型可调节通风光伏屋顶能最大限度利用太阳辐射实现产能效益,根据季节调整安置角度能够有效改善建筑室内热环境的结论。对“双碳”目标下未来城市建筑更新起到良好的推进作用。

基于城乡低碳发展的屋顶分布式光伏电站建设问题探讨

屋顶分布式光伏发电是一种利用建筑物屋顶空间进行光伏发电的新型绿色能源技术,具备节约土地资源、减少线损、提高能源利用率和可持续性等诸多优势,与集中式光伏发电相比,其更适合在城乡规划中推广应用。从城乡规划角度出发,基于城乡低碳发展路径,系统分析了屋顶分布式光伏发电在提高城乡能源供给安全性、促进绿色低碳转型、改善环境质量和促进社会经济发展等方面的作用和影响,深入探讨了屋顶分布式光伏电站在建设过程中面临的屋顶资源获取、电网接入和消纳、政策支持和市场推广等难题和挑战,并提出了相应的对策和建议。

城市降雨屋面径流污染分析和管理控制

城市屋面是城市不透水面积的一个重要组成部分,屋面径流是城市非点源污染的一个重要来源。分析国外对屋面径流水质研究情况并结合自己的实验结果发现,屋面径流水质含有的污染物浓度较高。实验研究表明不同屋面材料、屋面的使用时间长短、位于不同功能区的屋面其径流中污染物浓度存在有很大的差异,其大致的规律是混凝土屋面径流的污染指标基本上都比较高,屋面使用的年载越长,其径流中污染物浓度相对越高,靠近交通要道的屋面,径流中污染物浓度都较高。用无量纲累积污染物量与累积径流量的比值方法分析初始冲刷效应,发现屋面径流初始冲刷比较明显。屋面径流处理后实现再利用,处理过程简单,可以成为城市用水的一个重要来源。

樱桃番茄在城市屋顶环境的高效管道栽培技术及生产模式研究

以城市闲置屋顶上架设的内部填充固体栽培基质的PVC管道为试材,以"金童"樱桃番茄为研究对象,研究了樱桃番茄城市屋顶环境的高效管道种植技术与最佳生产模式。结果表明:在填充有固体基质的纵长2m、直径200mm、植物生长口间距为300mm的PVC管道中一次性施放2×浓度的养分(含20g Ca(NO3)2、10g KNO3、14g KH2PO4、10g尿素与100mL微量元素浓缩液),可使所种植的樱桃番茄的长势、品质与肥水利用率达到最佳,每667m2产值约合23 211.6元。

屋顶种植条件下不同栽培方式对菜用甘薯茎尖产量及品质的影响

分别采用土壤栽培、基质栽培和管道营养液栽培种植3个菜用甘薯品种(莆薯53、广菜薯5号和福薯18),比较不同栽培方式对菜用甘薯茎尖产量及品质的影响。结果表明:在3种栽培方式下,供试的3个菜用甘薯品种均在管道营养液栽培条件下茎尖产量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总量、类胡萝卜素含量和可溶性糖含量达到最高,硝态氮含量最低。总体上,在屋顶农业中使用管道营养液栽培种植福薯18有利于提高茎尖产量并保证品质。