Urban spatial growth has become a hot topic of geographic science and urban research. Exploring the patterns and mechanisms of urban growth is the prerequisite to understand the urbanization process of China. The pape...Urban spatial growth has become a hot topic of geographic science and urban research. Exploring the patterns and mechanisms of urban growth is the prerequisite to understand the urbanization process of China. The paper provides a spatial analysis method of using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS), and presents major patterns and mechanisms of urban spatial growth during the period from 1979 to 2007 in Nanjing City. Firstly, the paper introduces the data, study area and methodology of the research. Then, the patterns of urban spatial growth are identified. Subsequently, the main mechanisms of urban spatial growth are analyzed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn definitely. The features of urban spatial growth in Nanjing are as follows: during 1979-1988, urban spatial growth of each district was slow, and the inner growth was in excess of suburban growth; during the period of 1988-2000, urban growth of suburban was in excess of inner city, the most insensitive growth appeared in the southeast, and the growth of each aspect was relatively insensitive expect east and west; during the period of 2000-2007, urban growth of suburban was violent, the most insensitive growth appeared in the southeast, and the urban growth of each direction was insensitive except the west. The mechanisms of urban spatial growth are complex, the main ones of which are social and economic development. Besides, the guiding of urban planning and influence of urban spatial structure are quite obvious.展开更多
"Urban spatial growth management(USGM)" is developed from "urban growth management(UGM)",and is more specific on urban space than UGM.An urban spatial plan can achieve its goals in virtue of USGM.T..."Urban spatial growth management(USGM)" is developed from "urban growth management(UGM)",and is more specific on urban space than UGM.An urban spatial plan can achieve its goals in virtue of USGM.This paper reviews the research on urban growth management both in China and abroad,and then puts forwards the development issue of USGM in China which requires further study in two main aspects:systemic research on the basic theories of USGM with Chinese characteristics,and the utilization of modern techniques to examine the effectiveness of USGM.In turn,the methods to develop the modeling and analysis techniques of USGM are discussed.展开更多
By using digitized land use maps of Beijing in 1982, 1992 and 1997 and employing GIS spatial analysis techniques, this paper conducts an empirical study on the spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of urban lan...By using digitized land use maps of Beijing in 1982, 1992 and 1997 and employing GIS spatial analysis techniques, this paper conducts an empirical study on the spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of urban land use growth in Beijing in the period of 1982–1997. It is observed that urban land use growth in Beijing went beyond the control of urban planning, in terms of the extraordinary high growth rate and undesired spatial pattern. The rate of urban expansion after 1982, which was predominated by growth of industrial land, was extraordinary high compared to its historical period. While its growth centers have been actively shifting toward the northern part, rather than toward the southern and eastern parts as designated by the latest General Plan (1991–2010) of Beijing, its spatial pattern of urban land use growth in general was in distinct concentric sprawl, which seriously violated the General Plan of Beijing.展开更多
Urbanization changes have been widely examined and numerous urban growth models have been proposed. We introduce an alternative urban growth model specifically designed to incorporate spatial heterogeneity in urban gr...Urbanization changes have been widely examined and numerous urban growth models have been proposed. We introduce an alternative urban growth model specifically designed to incorporate spatial heterogeneity in urban growth models. Instead of applying a single method to the entire study area, we segment the study area into different regions and apply targeted algorithms in each subregion. The working hypothesis is that the integration of appropriately selected region-specific models will outperform a globally applied model as it will incorporate further spatial heterogeneity. We examine urban land use changes in Denver, Colorado. Two land use maps from different time snapshots (1977 and 1997) are used to detect the urban land use changes, and 23 explanatory factors are produced to model urbanization. The proposed Spatially Heterogeneous Expert Based (SHEB) model tested decision trees as the underlying modeling algorithm, applying them in different subregions. In this paper the segmentation tested is the division of the entire area into interior and exterior urban areas. Interior urban areas are those situated within dense urbanized structures, while exterior urban areas are outside of these structures. Obtained results on this model regionalization technique indicate that targeted local models produce improved results in terms of Kappa, accuracy percentage and multi-scale performance. The model superiority is also confirmed by model pairwise comparisons using t-tests. The segmentation criterion of interior/exterior selection may not only capture specific characteristics on spatial and morphological properties, but also socioeconomic factors which may implicitly be present in these spatial representations. The usage of interior and exterior subregions in the present study acts as a proof of concept. Other spatial heterogeneity indicators, for example landscape, socioeconomic and political boundaries could act as the basis for improved local segmentations.展开更多
The existing models of population distribution often focus on the region with a single city or even multiple centers,and lack the detailed explorations of the common and special type of urbanization areas with two cen...The existing models of population distribution often focus on the region with a single city or even multiple centers,and lack the detailed explorations of the common and special type of urbanization areas with two centers Taking Beijing-Tia njin region of China,which is a distinct dual-nuclei metropolitan area in the world,as an example and choosing Landsat-5 TM image in 2005,population,etc.as the data,this paper devotes to comprehending and illustrating a model of Cassini growth of population between the two metropolitan cities through the research of spatial population distribution pattern,aided with RS and GIS techniques.Main technical processes include Kriging interpolation of the population data and character simulation of the Cassini ovals.According to the calculation of a/b,a key characteristic index ofCassini growth model,the spatial structures ofpopulation distribution were given.When a/b<1, it is a curve with two separated loops with a population density more than 3000 persons/km2.When a/b=1,it is a lem- niscate curve with a population density about 3000 persons/km2.When 1<a/b<2～(1/2),it is a dog-bone shaped concave curve with a population density between 500-3000 persons/km2.Whena/b=2～(1/2),it is an oblate curve with a population density about 500 persons/km2.Whena/b>2～(1/2),there is an oval-shaped convex curve with a population density less than 500 persons/km2. The results show that owing to the combined action and influence of the regional dual-nuclei,the population distribution of Beijing-Tianjin region is in accord with Cassini model significantly.Therefore,there is Cassini growth of population between the two metropolitan cities in Beijing-Tianjin region.In addition, the process of Cassini growth has extraordinarily instructive significance for judging the development stages of the dual-nuclei metropolitan areas.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40435013)
文摘Urban spatial growth has become a hot topic of geographic science and urban research. Exploring the patterns and mechanisms of urban growth is the prerequisite to understand the urbanization process of China. The paper provides a spatial analysis method of using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS), and presents major patterns and mechanisms of urban spatial growth during the period from 1979 to 2007 in Nanjing City. Firstly, the paper introduces the data, study area and methodology of the research. Then, the patterns of urban spatial growth are identified. Subsequently, the main mechanisms of urban spatial growth are analyzed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn definitely. The features of urban spatial growth in Nanjing are as follows: during 1979-1988, urban spatial growth of each district was slow, and the inner growth was in excess of suburban growth; during the period of 1988-2000, urban growth of suburban was in excess of inner city, the most insensitive growth appeared in the southeast, and the growth of each aspect was relatively insensitive expect east and west; during the period of 2000-2007, urban growth of suburban was violent, the most insensitive growth appeared in the southeast, and the urban growth of each direction was insensitive except the west. The mechanisms of urban spatial growth are complex, the main ones of which are social and economic development. Besides, the guiding of urban planning and influence of urban spatial structure are quite obvious.
基金supported in part by the National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China (No.09BZZ045)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50808089)
文摘"Urban spatial growth management(USGM)" is developed from "urban growth management(UGM)",and is more specific on urban space than UGM.An urban spatial plan can achieve its goals in virtue of USGM.This paper reviews the research on urban growth management both in China and abroad,and then puts forwards the development issue of USGM in China which requires further study in two main aspects:systemic research on the basic theories of USGM with Chinese characteristics,and the utilization of modern techniques to examine the effectiveness of USGM.In turn,the methods to develop the modeling and analysis techniques of USGM are discussed.
基金The Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-310-01, No.KZCX2-307 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 40101010
文摘By using digitized land use maps of Beijing in 1982, 1992 and 1997 and employing GIS spatial analysis techniques, this paper conducts an empirical study on the spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of urban land use growth in Beijing in the period of 1982–1997. It is observed that urban land use growth in Beijing went beyond the control of urban planning, in terms of the extraordinary high growth rate and undesired spatial pattern. The rate of urban expansion after 1982, which was predominated by growth of industrial land, was extraordinary high compared to its historical period. While its growth centers have been actively shifting toward the northern part, rather than toward the southern and eastern parts as designated by the latest General Plan (1991–2010) of Beijing, its spatial pattern of urban land use growth in general was in distinct concentric sprawl, which seriously violated the General Plan of Beijing.
文摘Urbanization changes have been widely examined and numerous urban growth models have been proposed. We introduce an alternative urban growth model specifically designed to incorporate spatial heterogeneity in urban growth models. Instead of applying a single method to the entire study area, we segment the study area into different regions and apply targeted algorithms in each subregion. The working hypothesis is that the integration of appropriately selected region-specific models will outperform a globally applied model as it will incorporate further spatial heterogeneity. We examine urban land use changes in Denver, Colorado. Two land use maps from different time snapshots (1977 and 1997) are used to detect the urban land use changes, and 23 explanatory factors are produced to model urbanization. The proposed Spatially Heterogeneous Expert Based (SHEB) model tested decision trees as the underlying modeling algorithm, applying them in different subregions. In this paper the segmentation tested is the division of the entire area into interior and exterior urban areas. Interior urban areas are those situated within dense urbanized structures, while exterior urban areas are outside of these structures. Obtained results on this model regionalization technique indicate that targeted local models produce improved results in terms of Kappa, accuracy percentage and multi-scale performance. The model superiority is also confirmed by model pairwise comparisons using t-tests. The segmentation criterion of interior/exterior selection may not only capture specific characteristics on spatial and morphological properties, but also socioeconomic factors which may implicitly be present in these spatial representations. The usage of interior and exterior subregions in the present study acts as a proof of concept. Other spatial heterogeneity indicators, for example landscape, socioeconomic and political boundaries could act as the basis for improved local segmentations.
基金Under the auspices of National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No. 2007AAl22235)National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.40471058)
文摘The existing models of population distribution often focus on the region with a single city or even multiple centers,and lack the detailed explorations of the common and special type of urbanization areas with two centers Taking Beijing-Tia njin region of China,which is a distinct dual-nuclei metropolitan area in the world,as an example and choosing Landsat-5 TM image in 2005,population,etc.as the data,this paper devotes to comprehending and illustrating a model of Cassini growth of population between the two metropolitan cities through the research of spatial population distribution pattern,aided with RS and GIS techniques.Main technical processes include Kriging interpolation of the population data and character simulation of the Cassini ovals.According to the calculation of a/b,a key characteristic index ofCassini growth model,the spatial structures ofpopulation distribution were given.When a/b<1, it is a curve with two separated loops with a population density more than 3000 persons/km2.When a/b=1,it is a lem- niscate curve with a population density about 3000 persons/km2.When 1<a/b<2～(1/2),it is a dog-bone shaped concave curve with a population density between 500-3000 persons/km2.Whena/b=2～(1/2),it is an oblate curve with a population density about 500 persons/km2.Whena/b>2～(1/2),there is an oval-shaped convex curve with a population density less than 500 persons/km2. The results show that owing to the combined action and influence of the regional dual-nuclei,the population distribution of Beijing-Tianjin region is in accord with Cassini model significantly.Therefore,there is Cassini growth of population between the two metropolitan cities in Beijing-Tianjin region.In addition, the process of Cassini growth has extraordinarily instructive significance for judging the development stages of the dual-nuclei metropolitan areas.
