Residents' Collective Memory of Urban Street and Lane Spaces:A Case Study of the Confucius Temple Block in Nanjing City

Along with the rapid globalization and urbanization,primitive ecological environment and cultural life atmosphere of urban streets and lanes have degraded,memories of the city have been lost,and cities have shown the tendency of convergence and homogenization.Taking the Confucius Temple Block for example,this paper applied cognitive map,oral interview and GIS spatial statistics to study residents' col ective memories of urban street and lane spaces,and found that the locals' collective memories of streets and lanes in the Confucius Temple Block declined gradually in the sequence of "aura area" → "secondary aura area" → "buffer area" → "blind spot area",and "civilian" urban design concept was claimed as the major incentive of the decline.Streets and lanes as important components of urban public spaces have specific historical connotations and genius loci,and they deserve wide concern from the academic circle and the society for their function of protecting collective memories of residents.

Physical Experiments to Investigate the Effects of Street Bottom Heating and Inflow Turbulence on Urban Street-Canyon Flow

The effects of street bottom heating and inflow turbulence on urbanstreet-canyon flow are experimentally investigated using a circulating water channel. Threeexperiments are carried out for a street canyon with a street aspect ratio of 1. Results from eachexperiment with bottom heating or inflow turbulence are compared with those without bottom heatingand appreciable inflow turbulence. It is demonstrated that street bottom heating or inflowturbulence increases the intensity of the canyon vortex. A possible explanation on how street bottomheating or inflow turbulence intensifies the canyon vortex is given from a fluid dynamicalviewpoint.

Congestion Pricing of Urban Street Segments along with MRT Route—The Case Study of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dhaka, Bangladesh’s capital, already has a congestion problem to handle the ever-growing demand for traffic. The usage of private cars cannot be stopped by charging and the town is not encouraged by quality public transport. It is impossible to enforce congestion prices here in line with traditional cordon pricing systems since the region uses unusual land patterns. However, the current project Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Line 6, which will be built by 2021, provides the prospect of congestion pricing. A price and optimum approach were established for this article. The congestion price is only payable for the segments and is accessible for private cars under this system. Two urban street segments along the MRT route were selected for the study and congestion toll for a private car is estimated for each segment separately. The sum of the toll in monetary terms is determined using certain associated parameters from the discrepancy from the actual Level of Service (LOS) travel time and traffic flow to the desired LOS. The outcome has shown that the price per passenger car is $0.3 - $0.44. The price is flexible, which means it will vary based on traffic volume. The findings for politicians to enforce congestion pricing are viewed as recommendations.

Human-centered Design for Green Landscape of Urban Streets

This paper first introduces the development process of urban street green landscape in China and the human-centered thinking of the design of urban street green landscape.On the basis of detailed elaboration of the basic theories of urban street green landscape,it analyzes the existing problems and causes for urban street green landscape.Then,from the perspective of human-centered thought,it comes up with several measures for optimizing the green landscape design of urban streets,to provide much more human-centered experience of urban street green landscape.

Urban Street Design Based on Spatial Experience

As the living place of urban citizens,urban street space covers the activities of people of all ages and is an important space for citizens to carry out public activities and interpersonal communication.The slogan of“people-orientation”is shouted in the construction process of every city street,but the street space design based on people’s personal experience and people’s psychological feeling is the real peopleoriented design.The design techniques of street space are explored from the perspective of people’s space experience.Starting from the elements of urban street space,according to the attributes of street space and people’s experience path in the space,the paper fi nds out the factors affecting the spatial experience of urban streets,and further explores the strategy of building urban street space.From the perspective of space experience,the design of urban street space is explored,in order to provide reference for the future design of urban streets that meet people’s experience.

Application of Smart Lighting in Urban Street Lighting

At present,the number of road engineering projects is increasing,and the corresponding street lighting work is receiving much more attention.In order to improve the lighting,operation,convenience,and energy-saving effect of urban streets,the concept of“smart lighting”needs to be implemented.This includes the planning of an urban street lighting design scheme and the use of appropriate software as well as components to realize significant optimization of the lighting work in urban streets.Therefore,this paper discusses the application measures of smart lighting in urban street lighting to provide reference.

Numerical and Experimental Studies on Flow and Pollutant Dispersion in Urban Street Canyons

在这研究，数字模拟和水坦克实验被用来在一个城市的街峡谷调查流动和污染物质分散。峡谷几何学的二种类型被测试。研究显示在一个加速槽口峡谷(峡谷的下游的方面上的更高的大楼)，在上游的更低的大楼的高度和形状在流动模式和污染物质分散起一个重要作用，当时在一个电压降低的槽口峡谷(下游的方面上的更低的大楼)，下游地更低的大楼几乎没有小影响。研究也证明为峡谷的一个方面上的平行六面体大楼的高塔的替换可以提高污染物质集中由机动车辆射出的街通风和减少。

The Design of Urban Streets for the Aged

In the context of the development of motorization in today's cities,the overall walking situation in the city is deteriorating,and the concern and consideration of pedestrians,especially the vulnerable groups,is seriously lacking.In order to meet the development need of the current aging society,this study tried to transform urban streets for the aged aiming at phenomenon of the loss of pedestrian zones for the aged,and proposed design elements to improve the pedestrian environment of the street,so as to provide the elderly with a street space suitable for they to interact with and improve their quality of life and self-esteem and happiness.Therefore,transforming urban streets suitable for the aged is an important measure to achieve a harmonious human society and an inevitable trend of humanization and sustainable development in an aging society.

Application of Smart Streetlights in Urban Road Lighting

The construction and installation of street lighting is an important element in the modernization of China’s cities.Besides,it also plays an important role in raising the living standards of the people.In recent years,with the technological and economic development,smart street lighting has gradually emerged.Key functions of smart street lighting include road illumination,cultural promotion,meteorological monitoring,public broadcasting,and 5G micro-base stations.The overall quality of smart street lighting construction directly impacts the effectiveness of urban development and the city’s comprehensive growth.This paper analyzes the concept of smart street lighting,its advantages and disadvantages,the functionalities of smart street light systems,and the application of smart street lighting in urban road illumination.

An investigation of the visual features of urban street vitality using a convolutional neural network

As a well-known urban landscape concept to describe urban space quality,urban street vitality is a subjective human perception of the urban environment but difficult to evaluate directly from the physical space.The study utilized a modern machine learning computer vision algorithm in the urban build environment to simulate the process,which starts with the visual perception of the urban street landscape and ends with the human reaction to street vitality.By analyzing the optimized trained model,we tried to identify urban street vitality’s visual features and evaluate their importance.A region around the Mochou Lake in Nanjing,China,was set as our study area.Seven investigators surveyed the area,recorded their evaluation score on each site’s vitality level with a corresponding picture taken on site.A total of 370 pictures and recorded score pairs from 231 valid survey sites were used to train a convolutional neural network.After optimization,a deep neural network model with 43 layers,including 11 convolutional ones,was created.Heat maps were then used to identify the features which lead to high vitality score outputs.The spatial distributions of different types of feature entities were also analyzed to help identify the spatial effects.The study found that visual features,including human,construction site,shop front,and roadside/walking pavement,are vital ones that correspond to the vitality of the urban street.The consistency of these critical features with traditional urban vitality features indicates the model had learned useful knowledge from the training process.Applying the trained model in urban planning practices can help to improve the city environment for better attraction of residents’activities and communications.

The Influence of Residents’ Opinions on the Redesign of Urban Underground Streets: A Case Study from <i>Diyi</i>Underground Street

The rapid development of urbanization and rapid growth of urban population have brought about various urban problems, and the development of cities to the ground and underground has become an inevitable choice. Underground street is a kind of underground space types, and it is also an important urban recreational resources and tourism resources. The evaluation of underground street users, especially the residents and tourists, has important reference value for the recreational resources’ redevelopment of underground street. Firstly, this paper reviews the relevant research literature on underground street and Post-Occupancy Evaluation theory, then chooses Diyi Underground Street, Chengdu, China, as the research object, and conducts a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews on residents’ shopping intention from five dimensions of underground street environment, decoration, commercial form, public facilities and other aspects. Finally, the survey data are analyzed quantitatively. The results show that some influence factors such as air quality, daylighting, decoration style etc. greatly affect the willingness of residents to enter the street. Therefore, residents’ recreational experience should be emphasized during the underground street re-planning according to the above factors.

Numerical Model for the Characterization of Retro-reflective Materials Behavior in an Urban Street Canyon

In this work, a preliminary numerical model of the behavior of retro-reflective materials used as envelope coatings on street canyon buildings fa?ades has been tested. Retro-reflective materials have a surface finish that allows to reflect the solar radiation back in the same direction of the incident radiation. In the last years this kind of materials has been studied as buildings envelope coating for their potentials in the reduction of the UHI effect. As a matter of fact, the angular dependence of their optical–radiative response would help to mitigate the phenomenon of radiative entrapment due to the urban fabric environment. For this reason, an urban canyon was selected as the most common urban architecture to perform the analysis. A virtual retroreflective material has been simulated considering its response as almost diffusive but in the same direction of the incident radiation. The assessment of the energy advantages of the adoption of a virtual retro-reflective material as envelope coating is investigated by means of a numerical model developed in MATLAB and based on the Gebhart factors theory. The final purpose of the numerical model is the evaluation of the surfaces solar loads by a comparison between perfectly diffusive materials and RR materials used as fa?ades coating.

Busking in Durham:Relational Performance and Urban Ecology

本文基于在英国达勒姆的观察和访谈,探讨了当地的街头艺人如何在表演中使用策略,与街道环境及行人互动。本研究探讨了街头表演吸引观众的技巧,他们如何理解和驾驭自己在社会中的边缘地位。本文结合生态学理论和参与式观察,认为街头艺人从事的不仅是一种表演,更是一种与环境密切相关的实践。本文解释了街头艺人如何适应城市街区,与陌生人建立联系和互动。此外,艺人有意与刻板印象保持距离,既不表现为乞讨,也不纯粹以营利为目的,而是为城市生活中增加活力和生机,让公众对其行业产生积极的看法。本文通过对街头艺人及其社会关系的关注,意在为街头表演研究增加个人和环境视角。

基于全景图的城市街谷平均辐射温度计算模型研究

在评估城市街谷热环境对居民生活质量的影响时,明确街谷的微气候条件,尤其是平均辐射温度(Mean Radiant Temperature,MRT)对于改善城市热环境具有重要意义。现阶段,利用基于鱼眼图的天空视域因子(Sky View Factor,SVF)计算方法较为繁琐且难以实现大范围街谷MRT的时空分布评估。因此,本研究旨在通过全景图像技术,提出一种快速大量计算城市街谷MRT时空分布的新方法,并进一步考虑城市街谷中树木的影响,以改进传统模型。本研究首先基于全景图像批量获取城市街谷中的SVF,并结合城市街谷中的几何特征和植被视域因子,通过改进的平均辐射温度计算模型对单点的MRT进行计算,同时采用定点实测数据对该模型进行精确度验证,并将其应用于西安市街谷MRT的实际计算中。研究结果显示,经过模型验证,本研究方法具有较高的精度,相对误差大多数情况下在20%以内,RMSE在2.85~4.66℃。同时,模型与实测数据的一致性较好,能够清晰地反映MRT的变化趋势,R2大于0.74,IA大于0.80。与仅考虑单一不透水面的计算模型相比,考虑树木植被后的模型精度有明显提升,RMSE从5.15℃降至3.87℃,模型的R2由0.72提升至0.74,表明改进模型与观测结果具有更好的一致性。提出的基于全景图的MRT计算方法不仅提高了评估城市街谷热环境的效率和精度,而且通过考虑树木植被的影响,为城市规划和绿化管理提供了更加科学的指导。此外,本研究的方法和结论能够为城市热岛效应的缓解和城市生活环境的改善提供理论依据和技术支持。通过实例分析,研究成功地应用于西安市,展示了2021年7月14日上午9:00的街谷MRT分布图,为后续的城市热环境评估和改善工作奠定了基础。

从街道场所到城市区域:美国城市宜居性的研究与实践

“宜居性”是20世纪60年代以来美国人本主义城市设计中的重要议题。区别于现代主义带有浓重乌托邦色彩的宏大城市构想,宜居性理论重点关注微小叙事和日常生活。文章通过详细梳理20世纪60年代以来美国宜居性理论研究和实践的发展历程发现:1996年以前的宜居性研究聚焦于街道—场所尺度,包含两条研究脉络,即从安全的街道到复合型林荫大道和从交往的场所到公共领域的重塑;1996年以后,新城市主义理论的发展推动了“街道—社区—城市—区域”多尺度融合的宜居性研究和实践。在此基础上,对我国的宜居城市建设提出3点启示:以人为本,优化步行和公交系统;关注日常生活,鼓励公共参与;注重多尺度空间要素的一致性和完整性。

基于绿色与安全理念的城市韧性评价研究——以呼和浩特市街道为例

以呼和浩特市街道为例,采用熵权与GIS相结合的方法,构建城市绿色与安全韧性评价指标体系,并对33个街道进行韧性评价,其中2/3的街道韧性水平值低于平均值,并存在较大的差异性。在空间上韧性水平较低的街道在研究区西南集聚,高韧性街道从中心往外大致呈“高-低-高”分布格局,研究结果与城市用地扩建方向与时间、功能布局等实际情况比较吻合。最终从街道、市辖区和市级角度提出韧性提升对策建议,对绿色安全城市建设和防灾规划从“多城一策”向“一城一策”转变有重要的参考价值。

基于语义分析法的城市街景色彩感知评价与优化研究

为探究使用者对哈尔滨市中央大街现状色彩的感知评价情况,该文运用语义分析法这一采用“语言”方式对公众进行心理测评的定量分析工具,结合街景图像、色卡软件、数理分析软件作为记录和分析色彩样本的基础工具对其开展问卷调查与研究。研究结果表明,受访者对中央大街街区的街景色彩总体持正面评价,对色彩视觉感知体验更好,空间感知体验最差,对经过系统色彩设计、风格鲜明的街道评价更高。依据以上结果,从总体色彩构成、一般街道品质提升和空间感知强化等方面提出了街景色彩优化策略。

基于跨层次聚合网络的实时城市街景语义分割

随着自动驾驶技术的迅速发展,精确高效的场景理解显得尤为重要。城市街景语义分割旨在准确识别并分割出行人、障碍物、道路和标志物等要素,为自动驾驶技术提供必要的道路信息。然而,当前的语义分割算法在城市街景分割中仍然面临一些挑战,主要表现为不同类别的像素区分不够清晰、对于复杂场景结构的理解不够精准以及对小尺度对象或大尺度结构的分割不准确等问题。为此,本文提出一种基于跨层次聚合网络的实时城市街景语义分割算法。首先,在编码器末端设计了结合跨层次聚合的金字塔池化模块,用于高效提取多尺度上下文信息;其次,在编码器和解码器之间设计了跨层次聚合模块,通过引入通道注意力机制增强信息的表征能力,逐级聚合编码器阶段的特征以充分实现特征复用;最后,在解码器阶段设计了多尺度融合模块,在通道维度聚合全局信息与局部信息,促进深层特征与浅层特征的融合。将所提算法在两个通用的城市街景数据集上进行了验证。在一张RTX3090显卡上(TensorRT测速环境),本文算法在Cityscapes测试集以294 FPS的实时性达到73.0%mIoU的准确性,在更高分辨率的图像上以164 FPS的实时性达到75.8%mIoU的准确性;在CamVid数据集以239 FPS的实时性达到74.8%mIoU的准确性。实验结果表明,本文算法在准确性与实时性之间取得了有效平衡,对比其他算法的语义分割性能具有显著提升,为实时城市街景语义分割领域带来了新的突破。

广州西关老街坊复甦的路径与行动 兼论遗产都市主义

文章聚焦广州西关以居住为主的老街坊,梳理了其形成的历史脉络、遗产空间的特质以及所面临的现实困境,回顾了新千纪以来所开展的一系列遗产行动,讨论了在传统街坊、近代街区叠合而成的历史肌理中,如何以更积极的遗产都市主义的当代视角重构公共空间体系和服务于老街坊的日常生活,并结合西关的实践分析了遗产都市主义的理论框架、核心概念和对中国城市遗产保护利用的可能启迪。