On the Process of Peasant Workers' Transformation to Urban Residents

The unique two-stage "Chinese path" of China’s ru-ral-urban migration, which cannot be fully explained by classical theories of economic development, makes us to give peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents a top priority. On the basis of fully explaining peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents, a method for measuring its process has been advanced and then confirmed with the data of March in 2005 from surveys to peasant workers in Wuhan. Finally, the suggestions of acceler-ating peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents to pro-mote the construction of a harmonious society have been drawn from the analysis.

Construction Strategies of Social Security System for Wan-jiang Urban Belt's Migrant Workers

Theoretical debate and practice exploration on social security of migrant workers were introduced.The political direction and security layer on social security for migrant workers in Wan-jiang urban belt were analyzed:the first layer is to implement wage payment guarantee and employment injury insurance;the second layer is to emphasize serious disease insurance and endowment insurance;the third layer is unemployed insurance and social assistance.The primary strategy of building a social security system for migrant workers in Wan-jiang urban belt was put up:wage payment guarantee system that is united in certain regions should be promoted;employment injury insurance system that is undertaken by enterprises should be built;a social health care system for serious diseases should be set up;multi-layers endowment insurance system for migrant workers should be created;vocational training and training in how to start a business should be built as well as the unemployment insurance system;social assistant system based on the basic cost of living allowances should be set up.

Urbanization and Workers' Compensation in China from 1995 to 2012

In order to determine the trend in the number of employees covered by workers＇ compensation （WC） and trends in the burdens and benefits of WC, and to discuss the possible factors that might influence those trends. A relevant national statistical data from 1995 to 2012 are collected and analyzed. In the results, we found that the proportion of employees covered by WC to total employees in urban areas increased from 13.7% in 1995 to 51.2% in 2012 and also exhibited a significant degree of polarization. In 2012, 27.3% of the peasant workers were covered by WC, which accounted for 37.8% of the total employees covered by WC. Factors found to impact the number of employees covered by WC and trends in the burdens and benefits of WC from 1995 to date in China included urbanization, represented by the migration of farm labor to urban areas, changes in industry mix, regional disparity, GDP movements, and changes to legislation on WC and occupational health and safety. It still has a long way to go to reduce work-related injuries and occupational diseases （ODs） to levels comparable with other industrialized countries.

How Urban Public Service Affects the Well-Being of Migrant Workers:An Empirical Analysis Based on the Theoretical Perspective of Social Comparison Theory

Government city management is facing higher requirements with the development of the number of migrant workers.Therefore,improving their subjective well-being is a significant practical problem that the government must consider in public governance.This research discusses the influence of public service satisfaction on the well-being of urban migrant workers from the perspective of social comparison theory and the role of the sense of social equity and social conflict in the process of this influence.Using the structural equation modeling and moderated mediating mechanism analysis,the results show that:(1)the satisfaction of social and economic public service significantly and positively affects subjective well-being.(2)The sense of social equity completely mediated the influence of the satisfaction of public social service on well-being and partly mediated the influence of the satisfaction of public financial service on well-being.(3)The sense of social equity and conflict have a moderated mediating effect for social and economic public service satisfaction on well-being.Finally,the article concludes with some suggestions to improve the well-being of migrant workers based on the conclusion of the study.

New-generation Migrant Workers' Urban Adaptation: A Case Study of Jianggan District in Hangzhou City

New-generation migrant workers are the " elite" among migrant workers,and whether they can really adapt to the city is one of the real problems to be urgently solved during China's new urbanization,related to the success of new urbanization construction. From the perspective of livelihood capital,this paper uses the measuring indicators in line with the new-generation migrant workers' livelihood characteristics,to analyze the typical characteristics and causes of new-generation migrant workers' urban adaptation in Jianggan District of Hangzhou City based on field survey data. In the study,it is found that the new-generation migrant workers' urban adaptation characteristics are focused on life adaptation,work adaptation and cultural adaptation,but the adaptation in the three areas is not good and there is a big room for improvement.

Analysis of Public Goods Supply of New Generation Migrant Workers' Urban and Rural Double Marginalization

Status quo of urban and rural public goods supply in China is analyzed.Firstly,public goods supply in rural areas is inadequate,for example,inadequate supply of agricultural infrastructure,lack of expenditure in agricultural science and technology,problems of rural drinking water safety,problems of rural roads and transportation,low levels of health care,weak rural public culture,short supply of farmers' education.Secondly,the system and level of urban public goods provision can't meet migrant workers' demand,for example,less migrant workers are employed by the governments' direction;migrant workers are isolated by urban housing project and these workers have difficulty in receiving city social security.One reason of new generation migrant workers facing the double marginalization of rural and urban crisis is that urban and rural public goods supply are different in particular the inadequate supply of public goods in rural areas.Three countermeasures are put forward in order to relieve new generation migrant workers' double marginalization of urban and rural,which include increasing financial input in rural areas in order to achieve equalization of urban and rural public goods,perfecting the preferential agricultural policy to increase rural public goods supply,making urban public goods supply as a guide to promote the new generation migrant workers into the city.

The Social Assistance of Migrant Workers and the Urban Minimum Living Security System

The surplus rural labors transferring to the city is an inevitable trend in the economic development of the reform and opening up. The household register system has made urban migrant workers free from the social security system and drift on the brink of city. Social assistance system concerning their interests is few. This article starts with the current situation of rural migrant workers in social assistance system, states the necessity and feasibility for bringing the migrant workers into the urban minimum living security system and according to the characteristics of the migrant workers on the reasonable classification, finally talks about existing obstacles and countermeasures of the migrant workers joining into the urban low income system. I believe that with the continuous reform of the registered permanent household register system, the continuous development of urbanization, the basic life of migrant worker will be guaranteed.

An Empirical Study of the Influence of Migrant Workers' Individual Decisions concerning "Change from Rural Residents to Urban Residents" in Chongqing City

This paper,from the city integration perspective,analyzes the main beneficiaries who benefit from the household registration system reform,and studies the influence of individual decisions about the transfer from agriculture to non-agriculture. Based on it,this paper makes an empirical research by using the survey data about migrant workers in Chongqing. The research findings are as follows:( i) The urban employment,the living condition and the rural connection have a significant impact on migrant workers' transfer decision;( ii) If the value of those factors( such as the working stability,the family income,the urban house condition and the urban social security) is higher,then the migrant workers who have no economic interest in rural areas are better able to integrate into the urban areas,therefore the inclination to transfer the household registration from agriculture to non-agriculture will be much stronger. It is proposed that we should do some significant things,such as enhancing the investment of security housing,bringing the migrant workers into the city housing accumulation fund system and giving them prior allocation right,perfecting land elastic exit mechanism,creating a harmonious employment environment,which are important strategies promoting migrant workers to integrate into the urban areas and affecting their individual decision about transferring from agriculture to nonagriculture.

农民工市民化影响城乡融合发展的理论阐释与实证分析

将农民工市民化与城乡融合发展纳入统一分析框架,在构建城乡融合发展进程评价指标体系和计算农民工城市融入工资测算农民工市民化程度的基础上,基于2009—2021年省级面板数据,构建双向固定效应模型,实证检验农民工市民化对城乡融合发展的影响。研究发现:推进农民工市民化能够显著促进城乡融合发展;分区域看,农民工市民化对城乡融合发展的促进作用在中西部地区更加明显;通过加快农业现代化、加快农村现代化、促进基本公共服务均等化以及提高新型城镇化质量等作用渠道推进农民工市民化促进城乡融合发展。

新型城镇化背景下心理健康对农民工城市融入的影响

提升农民工心理健康水平和促进农民工城市融入是推进新型城镇化的应有之义。文章基于2427份农民工微观调查数据,构建系统全面的指标,利用因子分析、OLS回归、分位数回归方法,研究心理健康对农民工城市融入的影响。结果发现,积极向上的心理状态能够有效地促进农民工城市融入,消极负面的心理状态不利于农民工的城市融入。在不同的分位点,心理健康对城市融入的影响有较大差异。此外,年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、父母随迁状况、家庭中在外一起务工人数等控制变量对农民工的城市融入产生显著影响。在研究结论基础上,提出在促进农民工融入城市过程中,相关部门应当关注、重视农民工心理健康问题,采取保障措施、改善其心理健康状况;针对不同融入度的农民工,差异化制定提升心理健康水平措施,帮助农民工更好地融入城市。

城市户外劳动者服务站点空间分布评价:以厦门市厦门岛为例

基于人本主义理念,从城市户外劳动者服务站点主要服务群体的需求出发,从需求目标、模型评价、反馈评价3个层面,构建交通便捷度、道路旁站点供需指数、用地内站点供需指数等评价指标及定量化评价模型,以厦门市厦门岛爱心驿站为例,研究城市户外劳动者服务站点空间分布的合理性,并通过主要服务群体反馈评价服务站点对服务群体需求的满足程度。结果表明:厦门岛服务站点交通便捷度空间分异显著;分布在城市支路和主干道/快速路旁的服务站点数量供需基本平衡,次干道旁的站点呈轻度供不应求;居住、商业设施、商务设施、交通设施四类用地内服务站点的供需匹配度相对较好,教育科研、文化设施和体育、医疗卫生等用地的供需匹配度相对较差,服务群体对各类用地满意度评价与供需匹配状态基本契合。建议从制定规划建设标准、统筹站点规划布局、盘活存量更新改造等方面优化城市户外劳动者服务站点布局。

基于代际共融的铁西区工人村更新设计策略研究

随着城市的发展与变迁,老旧小区面临着空间不足、无法满足社区居民使用需求的问题,老旧小区老龄化日趋严重,代际之间的差异性导致居民活动空间不足,工人村作为典型的老旧小区亟需更新。基于代际共融理念,对工人村老幼活动空间进行了调研分析,设置适合不同人群的公共活动空间,使不同代际友好融合,解决社区公共空间不足、空间功能缺失的问题,以棋盘式的方格布局,提出了满足老人和儿童行为需求的公共空间的更新活化策略,为老旧小区的保护与更新、激发小区活力提供借鉴。

新生代农民工举家迁移对教育支出的影响研究

基于中国家庭追踪调查数据和实地调研发现:存在子女随迁现象的新生代农民工家庭均为举家迁移。举家迁移显著增加家庭教育支出,随迁子女数与家庭教育支出显著正相关。家中既有男孩又有女孩的举家迁移家庭教育支出显著增加,家中只有男孩的家庭教育支出显著高于家中只有女孩的家庭。相比中部和东部,西部新生代农民工举家迁移显著增加家庭教育支出。建议积极落实“两为主”“两纳入”“两统一”“同城化”等随迁子女教育政策,切实减轻农民工家庭教育负担;统筹义务教育资源均衡配置,努力缩小教育区域化差异;完善户籍制度和流动人口服务体系,衔接城乡有关社会保障与福利政策,促进农民工随迁家庭整体市民化。

劳动权益保障、政府信任与高龄农民工的城市融合

基于调研数据,本文考察了劳动权益保障对高龄农民工城市融合的影响机制。实证结果显示,工资拖欠、工伤纠纷、劳动合同纠纷等劳动权益受损事件均会显著影响高龄农民工城市融合程度。对劳动权益纠纷解决过程的进一步考察发现:第一,劳动权益受损事件发生后,当高龄农民工对维权过程解决较为满意时,其城市融合程度显著高于没有发生过劳动权益纠纷者;第二,政府部门主导解决劳动权益纠纷对高龄农民工城市融合具有一定的“放大效应”。当高龄农民工对维权解决过程满意时,解决过程中的政府干预会显著提高其城市融合程度;当其对维权解决过程不满意时,解决过程中的政府干预反而使其城市融合程度下降的幅度更大。因此,本文认为应健全源头预防,杜绝劳动权益纠纷事件发生;建立农民工劳动权益保护协调机制;强化政府责任意识,属地监管、多部门协同,发挥政府在高龄农民工劳动权益保障工作中的积极作用。

人口老龄化视域下瑞典养老保险制度及其对我国的启示

在人口老龄化背景下,我国城镇职工基本养老保险还存在全国统筹尚未完全发展成熟,地区间养老金存在差异,基本养老保险财务可持续性面临压力,养老金替代率低等问题。瑞典作为老龄化国家实行多支柱养老保障体系,借鉴瑞典养老保险制度的先进经验,提出应不断完善统账结合制度模式中的个人账户,发展多层次养老保险,实施渐进式延迟退休政策等建议,以期为我国城镇职工基本养老保险发展提供参考。

老龄化背景下我国城镇职工基本养老保险制度改革潜在方案效果研究——基于瑞典零支柱保障型养老金视角

随着人口老龄化的加剧,我国城镇职工基本养老保险制度面临财政压力,有必要考虑改革城镇职工基本养老保险制度。文章通过探究我国养老制度改革的潜在方案,旨在利用数值模拟的方法为我国城镇职工基本养老保险制度改革提供一定借鉴。改革方案以瑞典公共养老金制度中的零支柱保障型养老金为参照,利用公共养老金制度的收入再分配功能,将瑞典养老金制度中的零支柱保障型养老金与我国城镇职工基本养老保险制度中的基本养老金进行了比较。模拟结果表明,从基本养老金向零支柱保障型养老金的转变并不总是产生有利的结果。如果考虑实施一种与我国现行城镇职工基本养老保险制度规模类似的为低收入职工提供养老资金的公共养老金制度,那么当这种公共养老金制度由间接税提供资金时,不仅有利于实现代际公平,而且还会缓解人口老龄化对我国基本养老金制度的冲击,提高社会福利水平。

面向城市一线务工人员的保障性租赁住房区位选址研究

大力发展保障性租赁住房是我国“十四五”时期住房建设的重点,关注城市一线务工人员的住房保障需求,尤其是建设供给符合这类人群住房特征需求的租赁住房,成为目前亟待解决的问题。在总结国内外面向这类人群住房供应相关经验的基础上,基于对建筑、环卫、绿化养护、快递等行业的城市一线务工人员的问卷调查,分析总结这类人群的住房区位共性需求,构建了生活性、便利性、经济性、发展性四维度加权总和的区位选址模型,利用上海市的相关数据进行实证分析,提出要紧密结合就业机会区域、优先考虑在社会经济密度比较集中、交通条件比较好的地段镶嵌式散点状形成此类保障住房空间供应,并合理控制每处供应规模;在房源分配管理上要因时因地动态调整提高区位房源供给的适配性,此外还应整合多方管理服务的配套支持,提高保障供应效果,实现住房保障发展的初衷和城市化发展的战略目标,为政府住房保障部门在面向城市一线务工人员的保障性租赁住房项目中的选址评估与审批提供参考。

从农村到城市:家政从业者的城市适应影响因素研究——基于布迪厄的场域理论视角

城市化浪潮促使一大批劳动人口从农村向城市流动,从空间意义上看,这种转变会给相关群体制造出区别于以往的城市生活与工作环境,外来劳动人口需要面对由此带来的城市适应问题。家政从业者作为早期进城务工的主要人群,因其工作的特殊性,主动适应城市不仅是出于生活需要的考量,更是其胜任工作的必备条件。基于布迪厄的场域理论视角分析,家政从业者的城市适应本质上是一个资本、惯习与相关场域不断适配的过程。城乡流动和职业变化所形成的农村、城市和工作三个场域是影响家政从业者城市适应的主要因素:一是原生农村背景牵制适应意愿,二是城市社会空间提出适应要求,三是具体工作环境加深适应程度。

县域农民工市民化意愿分析与应对措施

由于巨量的人口及产业的异质性,我国农民市民化在空间上可能要走一条“农民—县域农民工市民化—中心城市农民工市民化”的中国特色农民市民化道路。中心城市的多重挤压、新型城镇化、乡村振兴战略都使县域成为农民工市民化的重要途径。但事实是,作为县域农民工市民化主要推动者的地方政府,出于对承受农民工市民化的社会成本的考量,动力不足,但迫于行政压力,不得不勉力为之;企业虽动力不足但并非没有意愿参与;农民工虽然最有动力进城生产生活,但对进城有后顾之忧。因此,除完善户籍制度、提升县域基础设施和公共服务的承载力外,以顶层设计为导向,解决就业问题是县域农民工市民化的根本;解决住房问题是县域农民工市民化的关键;保留农村“三权”是县域农民工市民化的定心丸。

劳动力流动对城市工资与福利的影响——基于空间均衡模型的分析

本文构建了包含劳动力异质性与集聚外部性的空间均衡模型,利用2005年、2015年人口抽样调查数据进行参数估计和反事实分析,考察劳动力流动对城市工资与福利的影响。研究表明:①农村流动人口一方面为城市经济带来集聚效应,另一方面对城市低(高)技能劳动力产生替代(互补)效应,导致城市低技能工资水平微弱下降,高技能工资水平明显上升;②人口流入促进城市住房成本上涨及房屋所有者租金收入增加,使城市居民总体福利水平提升,但低技能租房者的福利受损;③农村人口因迁移到高工资的城市地区而获得明显福利改善;④总体而言,2005—2015年城乡迁移成本下降促使全国福利提升4%~5%。因此,继续推进城乡人口迁移有利于改善社会福利,但应根据人口流动方向合理配置土地和住房资源,以减少部分城市人口的福利损失。