The Chinese Urban-rural Dual Economic Structure Model and Analysis

Based on the characteristics of urban-rural dual economic structure in China,we build a dynamic endogenous urban-rural dual economic model closely linked to China's reality,and carry out mathematical economics analysis of optimized conditions for urban and rural sectors. The main results show that:(i) The labor growth rate of urban-rural sectors must be greater than the time discount rate,or else there would be a vicious cycle of diminishing returns in the sectors;(ii) The accumulation rate of physical capital and human capital of urban-rural sectors,and the rate of technological progress,need to be greater than the corresponding depreciation rate plus the time discount rate,otherwise there would be a vicious cycle of diminishing returns in the sectors;(iii) The low accumulation rate in the rural sector,and the occurrence of labor outflow,human capital loss and lack of investment,will expand income gap between urban and rural areas,which is a reason for solidification of urban-rural dual economic structure.

Explore economic restructuring Institutional Analysis based on the urban-rural dual economic structure

China＇ s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural construction, total abolition of agricultural tax, the construction of modern agriculture and other major strategic decisions have been introduced; free compulsory education in rural areas, the new rural cooperative medical care, rural public infrastructure, cultural services and other specific measures have been rolled out building. But these still can not slow down our growing urban-rural gap, China＇ s economic and social development is still running under the urban and rural pattern, and the trend has increased.

Study on Factors Influencing Urban-rural Dual Economic Structure of Chongqing Based on the State Space Variable Parameter Method

Firstly,this paper reviews and analyzes historic background of urban-rural integration of Chongqing,and the evolution and trend of urban and rural dual economic structure.On the basis of previous researches,it selects factors and variables influencing urban and rural dual economic structure,and establishes an econometric model.By state space Kalman filtering method,it analyzes dynamic influence of factors upon urban-rural dual economic intensity.According to empirical conclusion,it puts forward corresponding policy recommendations for promoting integrated urban and rural economic development of Chongqing.

From Shanghai empty-nesters problem of looking of urban and rural dual structure

With the continuous development of political, economic,social, empty nesters and more problems, it is not a simple personal issues, has become urgent to break the social proposition.This paper intr~,duces the concepts at the same time,Further analysis of the current situation empty-nesters of the problem and sort out the history of urban-rural dual structure,Finally, find information put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.

Development Path of Urban-rural Integration

The urban and rural areas are regarded as two major components of the regional economic system. Only through joint balanced development of the two can we achieve overall economic optimization and social welfare maximization. But the great social division of labor has separated urban areas from rural areas,which casts the shadow of city-oriented theory on cooperative relations between urban and rural areas. Mutual separation between urban and rural settlements and independent development trigger off a range of social problems. We must undertake guidance through rational development path of urban-rural integration,to eliminate the phenomenon of urban-rural dual structure,and promote the sustainable development of population,resources and environment in urban and rural areas as soon as possible.

Evolution Rules of Urban-rural Development and Inspiration for China's Agriculture

Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countries of the world.This article calculates ARDI of 40 countries from 1980 to 2004.The result shows that ARDI in the developed countries and most of the middle-income countries are rising and yet there are declines in most of the low-income countries.The result also showed that most countries' ARDI will see a decline at the earlier stage of industrialization,so their dual economic structure will also aggravate and urban-rural gap will widen.With the economic development,the tendency will change and ARDI presents a U-shape change overall.The turning point is when a country becomes a middle-income one.

The Effects of Financial Structure on Urban-Rural Income Gap Viewed through Economic Growth and Urbanization

From the perspective of economic growth and urbanization,this paper proposes several hypotheses on how financial structure affects urban-rural income gap combining with the stylized facts of Chinese economy,and then uses a panel data of 29 provinces over 1996-2015 to conduct empirical analysis.Theoretical analysis shows that owing to the distinct availability of urban and rural residents for financial services,financial structure has a distinct impact on their income disparity.Meanwhile,through the function of credit allocation,financial structure plays important roles in the processes of economic growth and urbanization,and then has indirect effects.The results indicate that increasing the ratio of direct financing has a direct impact on shrinking the urban-rural income gap,and has an indirect impact through economic growth and urbanization.More importantly,the intermediary effect of urbanization is stronger than that of economic growth.Therefore,releasing the controls on financial markets helps shrink the urban-rural income gap in China.

农村劳动力流动、经济增长对城乡二元结构的影响——基于动态面板与门槛效应模型的实证分析

城乡一体化发展是破解新时代社会主要矛盾的关键抓手。近年来,我国经济不断发展,农村劳动力流动规模不断扩大。但城乡二元结构并没有随着经济增长和劳动力流动而同步转化,存在着严重的滞后性。城乡二元结构成为掣肘经济持续发展的重要因素。文章基于2006—2020年我国31省份面板数据,运用系统动态面板模型(SYS-GMM)分析劳动力流动与经济增长对城乡二元结构的影响;运用门槛效应模型,以劳动力流动为门槛变量,分析经济增长对城乡二元结构的非线性影响。结果表明,劳动力流动促进城乡二元结构转化,而经济增长抑制城乡二元结构转化;经济增长对城乡二元结构的作用受到劳动力流动的影响,表现出门槛效应:当劳动力流动规模超过一定限度后,经济增长对城乡二元结构转化的抑制作用将得到缓解。

中国乡村振兴政策:逻辑需求与供给特征——基于2013-2023年涉“三农”政策文本的量化分析

全面振兴乡村的根本在于系统地破除工农和城乡二元结构。基于此,构建了“现代农业产业体系-现代农业生产体系-现代农业经营体系-城乡统筹发展-新型城镇化建设-乡村振兴体制机制完善”的六维乡村振兴政策内容考察框架,并以2013年以来中央层面发布的658份涉“三农”政策文本为研究对象,运用ROST软件进行文本量化,对2018年以来涉“三农”政策(乡村振兴政策)的供给特征进行总结。研究发现:①乡村振兴政策结构的调整与破解工农和城乡二元结构的理论需求相符;②乡村振兴政策内容广泛而全面;③乡村振兴政策目标阶段性特征明显,并已初具现代化的特征;④乡村振兴政策越来越重视监督反馈机制的建立。最后,给出了乡村振兴政策展望。

新发展格局的科学内涵、现实意义及实践路径

党的二十大报告指出,高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。构建新发展格局是高质量发展的必然选择,这是基于我国经济社会所处的发展阶段做出的重大战略决策。当前,无论是从中国经济社会的发展速度、中国对世界经济的贡献度,以及中国现阶段的国际地位和经济体量来看,以国内市场为主体的大循环都是新发展格局的必然选择。新发展格局的构建,不仅有利于促进经济结构转型升级,解决发展不平衡不充分问题,更能让中国经济掌握创新发展主动权,推进对外开放跃上新台阶,实现“内循环驱动、外循环助推”的良性发展格局。新发展格局的实现,首先,要以科技创新为动力,持续加强研发投入力度,提升科研自主创新能力,为新发展格局的构建提供动能;其次,以供给侧结构性改革为主线,创造新供给,释放新需求,为新发展格局的构建奠基固本;再次,以深化经济体制改革为抓手,通过深化经济体制改革为构建新发展格局破除体制机制障碍;最后,要以推进区域协调发展为重点,构建国内统一大市场,为新发展格局的构建开辟新局。

Research on the Development of Economy and Farmers' Income Growth in Heilongjiang Province

Nowadays, increasing farmers＇ income is not only related to the development of rural economy, the improvement of farmers＇ lives and countryside stability but also related to the overall situation of economy and social development. Heilongjiang is a big agricultural province, however, the increase of farmers＇ per capital net income is rather slow in the last few years. On the basis of Lewis dual economic structure theory and our province＇s actual situation, the paper proposed the concrete countermeasures to increase farmers＇ income, so as to promote the development of economy.

数字经济发展的经济法促进

数字经济的发展,离不开各类法律制度的支撑和保障,尤其需要经济法的促进。基于经济法促进数字经济发展的必要性和可行性,应夯实其制度基础,并通过分析多层次的经济法立法,揭示其中贯穿的多种“二元结构”。依据经济法立法中普遍存在的“促进型规范”和“限禁型规范”,可将经济法促进分为直接促进和间接促进;同时,应将规划促进、财税促进、金融促进、产业促进等直接促进手段与间接促进手段有机结合,并着重运用“限禁型规范”规制数据行为,从而促进和保障数字经济的健康发展。从“全面规制”的视角回应数字经济发展的经济法促进问题,有助于进一步提炼“数字经济法”理论,推动“数字经济法”制度的体系化,由此更能促进数字经济的高质量发展,为实现国家现代化奠定“新经济”基础。

经济“双循环”背景下中国与国际产业相依结构研究

完备的产业体系能够保障国民经济的平稳运行和国家在对外发展中的主导地位,是当前我国打造双循环的坚实根基。文章从金融市场角度出发,选取MSCI中国与发达市场一级行业指数,以2016年8月31日至2022年8月10日为样本区间,通过R藤Copula模型和基于Copula Glasso方法改进的复杂网络模型研究中国与国际行业间的非线性相依结构与关联网络;通过扩展的分块R藤Copula方法研究国内外产业间相依关系。研究发现:国内外行业间均存在显著的正向联动关系;国内行业中,信息技术行业、工业行业、非日常消费行业和原材料行业占主导地位;传统产业和民生产业在国内外产业结构中均占据重要地位,且行业、产业间国内循环相对独立于国际循环。

中国小农经济对二元经济结构转型的影响研究

随着中国工业化的快速发展,跨越“刘易斯转折点”后,城乡收入差距依然持续扩大,农业现代化严重滞后于工业化,二元经济结构转型呈现出非典型特征。从理论机制分析,当前小农经济下的生产资料所有制、农业生产经营方式和人地关系的异化,阻滞农业现代化、农民职业化和农村工业化的发展,成为制约二元经济结构转型的重要障碍。构建动态面板模型,运用1978—2018年全国31个省(区、市)的面板数据,通过实证检验证明,小农经济对二元经济结构转型具有显著的负向影响。基于此,立足新发展阶段,应重塑农村集体产权结构,通过农民集体发展适度农业规模经营,改变人地捆绑的束缚关系,以此改造小农经济推动二元经济结构顺利转型,为实现中国式现代化清除障碍。

科技创新、产业结构升级与经济高质量发展——基于长江经济带108个城市样本

基于2007—2020年长江经济带108个城市面板数据,构建基准模型,调节效应模型,实证检验了双循环背景下科技创新、产业结构升级对长江经济带经济高质量发展影响,并引入产业聚集分析影响机制中的调节作用。研究结果表明,科技创新与产业结构升级对经济高质量发展具有显著正向影响,且双循环背景下产业聚集是促进区域科技创新与产业结构升级的重要因素,当产业聚集水平较高时,科技创新和产业结构升级对经济高质量发展水平的正向影响更为明显。基于研究结果,提出了推动科技创新、加强产业结构升级、促进高技术产业良性集聚、推动双循环战略发展等相关建议。

数据要素、数据部门与经济增长

本文参照经典的刘易斯二元经济模型范式,通过将数据要素引入生产函数,提出了新二元经济结构理论:在数据要素驱动下,以数据业为核心的数据部门正不断发展壮大。在这一过程中,数据部门持续吸引传统工业部门和农业部门的剩余劳动和剩余资本进入,与传统的工业部门和农业部门形成了“新二元经济结构”,正深刻影响经济社会的发展,并推动着生产生活的数字化进程。本文还对新二元经济结构发展演变的不同阶段进行了分析,研究了新二元经济结构对处于不同发展水平的国家的影响,以及需防范的风险等。

三元经济结构与中国经济转型:一个政治经济学考察

尽管很好地刻画了转型期间的劳动力流动,但二元经济理论与中国经济实践仍存在明显差异。一系列特征化事实表明,在传统部门和现代部门的二分法之外,现代农业正日益成为新的部门并与前两者共同形成中国的三元结构。转型便是由三元结构转变为一元结构。三元结构的出现非但没有延长中国整体转型进程,反而因为农业比较收益率的提高缩短了实现转型所需的时间。然而受制度等的限制,现代农业部门在规模、信贷、组织和人才等方面面临多重困境。为推动转型,必须全面深化改革,推动农业的规模化、组织化、一体化,以农业的全面现代化确保如期实现第二个百年奋斗目标。

亚太二元格局下印太经济框架的战略内涵与发展前景

构建印太经济框架是拜登政府“印太战略”的重要一环,旨在打破亚太二元格局对美国主导力的局限,填补其在亚太经济领域的战略空白,以满足对华战略竞争需求。在基本特征上,该框架有意规避市场准入议题,采用松散且灵活的架构形式,试图分化亚太既有的经贸架构、注重与安全同盟体系紧密结合并强调“民主价值”。在议题设置方面,印太经济框架强化了对中国的扼制,如在数字经济、供应链、劳工与环境标准等领域,该框架对中国的经济模式构成了较大挑战。从发展趋势上看,印太经济框架具备战略支持和多边合作基础,其构建效率也将高于传统的自贸协定,故存在一定发展空间。但由于不涉及关税自由化议题,其经济吸引力将大为受限。同时在高标准落实难度大、排挤中国的意图恐难获得成员国全然支持的情况下,印太经济框架的推进将面临诸多阻碍。

双层股权结构下表决权比例差异的动因及经济后果研究

多年来,中国的资本市场一直遵循着“同股同权”的制度,但这种制度很容易造成股权结构分散,从而导致公司最大股东不能完全掌控公司,引来外来资本的觊觎。截至2021年年底,只有九号公司、优刻得、汇宇制药和精进电动四家公司在中国科创板采用双层股权结构上市。基于以上背景,文章选取优刻得和精进电动两个企业作为案例研究对象,运用双案例对比分析法探讨两家公司采用双层股权结构制度与设置不同表决权比例的动因,得出以下结论:(1)科创型企业采取双层股权结构的一致动因有保障创始人对企业的控制权,实现企业长期战略目标;最大限度地发挥创始人的才能,充分利用人力资本;满足企业中股东的异质化需求。(2)科创型企业采用双层股权结构上市后,可有效地降低公司的代理成本,改善公司的财务绩效。(3)不同类型的企业应该根据自身组织架构、企业文化、企业价值观等各种因素综合考量自身的特殊表决权设置比例。