Research on the Influence of Digital Economy on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas in China

In recent years,with the rapid advancement of information technology and the widespread proliferation of the Internet,digital technology has been reshaping the value chains of traditional industries and giving rise to entirely new business models and industrial forms.Technologies such as the Internet,big data,and artificial intelligence are being applied across various sectors,while new formats like e-commerce,the sharing economy,and online education are flourishing.These developments have driven new consumption patterns and employment methods.The rapid rise of the digital economy not only boosts production efficiency and economic growth but also influences the income distribution between urban and rural areas to some extent.This paper begins by examining the current state and characteristics of the digital economy and then analyzes its impact on the urban-rural income gap.Additionally,it offers countermeasures and recommendations for narrowing this gap,providing theoretical support for promoting common prosperity.

Preliminary Study on Effects of the Model of Community-supported Agriculture(CSA) on Urban-rural Income Gap in China

The urban-rural income gap is widening,which has become a bottleneck restricting China＇s economic and social development.It is the current outstanding problems in the harmonious development of the society.Community Supported Agriculture（CSA） is one of the most important forms of sustainable agriculture and it has received the attention in recent years.This paper first introduces the rise and development of CSA in China,and discuss the impact of CSA on urban-rural income gap in China preliminarily in order to provide ideas for improving the farmers＇ income and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas.

The Approaches to Narrowing Urban-Rural Income Gap——From the Perspective of Rural Social Security

From the situations about the incomes and life quality of the urban and rural residents,the thesis briefly introduces the status quo of the urban-rural income gap and explores the impact of the income gap on social economy:firstly,it hampers economic development;secondly,it is detrimental to the social development.Then the thesis analyzes the role of a sound social security in narrowing urban-rural income gap:at first,it broadens the institutional environment of improving the agricultural efficiency;secondly,it eliminates the uncertainties influencing the farmers' income;thirdly,it improves the farmers' capacity to increase income;at last,it enhances the farmers' consciousness of wealth.Next the thesis inquires into the problems existing in the system of rural social security:the first problem is more obviously fragmented system;the second is inadequate security projects and narrower coverage;the third is an obvious lack of equality in urban and rural security;the fourth is even less sound management system;the last is the lagging of legislation.Afterwards the thesis proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the system of rural social security and narrow urban-rural income gap:firstly,to integrate the social security system in rural areas;secondly,to perfect security projects and enhance the security system;thirdly,to integrate the administrative management of social security;at last,to enforce the legal system.

Comparative Research on Prediction Model of China's Urban-rural Residents' Income Gap

By using the data concerning China's urban-rural residents' income gap from 1978 to 2010,this paper mainly researches the application of several kinds of models in predicting China's urban-rural residents' income gap.By conducting empirical analysis,we establish ARIMA prediction model,grey prediction model and quadratic-polynomial prediction model and conduct accuracy comparison.The results show that quadratic-polynomial prediction model has excellent fitting effect.By using quadratic-polynomial prediction model,this paper conducts prediction on trend of China's urban-rural residents' income gap from 2011 to 2013,and the prediction value of income gap of urban-rural residents in China from 2011 to 2013 is 14 173.20,15 212.92 and 16 289.67 yuan respectively.Finally,on the basis of analysis,corresponding countermeasures are put forward,in order to provide scientific basis for energy planning and policy formulation:first,strengthen government's function of public service,coordinate resources,and strive to provide an equal opportunity of development for social members,so as to promote people's welfare and promote social equality;second,breach industrial monopoly and bridge income gap between employees in monopoly industry and general industry;last but not the least,support,encourage and call for government to establish social relief fund,adjust residents' income distribution from the non-governmental perspective,and endeavor to promote the income level of low-income class.

Granger Causality Test of Urban-rural Income Gap and Employment of Rural Labor Forces——A Case Study of Shouguang City

Taking Shouguang City in Shandong Province as an example, this article researches the mutual relationship between urban-rural income and employment of rural labor forces, and conducting cointegration test and Granger causality test on the variable sequences using statistical data. The results show that the average annual income of rural labor forces influences the income per capita of rural residents, and there is a Granger causality relationship between the income per capita of rural residents and urban employees' average wage. Engaging in production concerning agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery makes the total income per capita in rural areas of Shouguang City higher than the average wage of urban residents in Shouguang City, even in Weifang City. The comparative advantage in terms of income causes the city to loose attraction to rural residents in Shouguang City. The comparative advantage drives more rural labor forces in Shouguang City to engage in primary industry, thereby greatly reducing the pressure of employment and transfer of rural labor forces. Finally important following measures are put forward to promote employment and on-the-spot transfer of rural labor forces: vigorously propel agricultural industrialization; increase rural residents' income; improve the living conditions for rural residents.

Research on the Impact of Rural Labour Forces Transfer on the Urban-rural Income Based on Economics of Discrimination

On the basis of the analytical frame of discrimination, the thesis establishes a model of transfer of rural labour forces into city, and researches the impact of rural labour forces transfer on urban-rural income. The results show that the transfer of rural labour forces into city can increase urban-rural income and bridge the income gap between city and village to a certain extent. However, the capital stock of city in China is greatly more than that of the village, so the rural labour forces transfer cannot eliminate the urban-rural income gap completely. In order to elevate the rural income level in China and narrow urban-rural income gap, the government should paint a picture with two brushes at the same time: on one hand, the government should promote the transfer of rural labour forces into city, and change the status quo of dual urban-rural labour forces market structure; on the other hand, the government should increase the input in rural areas and promote the increase of rural capital stock so as to further increase rural residents' income in the process of labour forces transfer.

Influence of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on urban-rural income from the perspective of transmission asymmetry

Based on time series data of RMB exchange rate and urban-rural income, this paper makes an empirical study for the influence of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on urban-rural income by utilizing rolling regression model through direct and indirect transmission mechanisms. According to the results, the transmission effect of RMB exchange rate fluctuation on urban-rural income has features of incompleteness and asymmetry. Moreover, RMB appreciation will help to reduce the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, this paper suggests that the Chinese economy should accelerate the course of transforming mode, adjusting structure and promoting development under the new normal. Meanwhile, reform of RMB exchange rate mechanism should be promoted, living standard of residents must be improved, and the urban-rural income gap should be reduced.

The Impact of the Upgrading of Industrial Structure in the Yangtze River Delta on the Urban-Rural Income Gap

Firstly,this paper conducts theoretical analysis and current situation analysis,and then proposes research hypotheses.Secondly,using spatial Dubin model and partial differential method,it empirically studies the impact of industrial structure advancement and rationalization on the urban-rural income gap.The results show that:(1)Both industrial structure and urban-rural income gap have significant spatial dependence;(2)The increase in the industrial structure rationalization will narrow the urban-rural income gap in local region,while its spillover effect on neighboring areas is not obvious.(3)The impact of the industrial structure advancement on the urban-rural income gap is not linear.It is first expanded and then narrowed.The industrial structure advancement in the Yangtze River Delta will generally narrow the urban-rural income gap at this stage.Finally,this paper put forward relevant suggestions.

Piketty’s Capital-Income Theory Reconsidered for a Small Open Economy with Increasing Savings Rate

Since Piketty offered a new view of capital/income ratio, numerous attempts have been made to examine the relationship between return on capital, economic growth and the capital/income ratio. This paper attempts to shed new light on this field. More precisely, following recent literatures that pay attention to dynamics of external balance sheets of countries, we examine if Piketty’s results for large countries are robust for a country that takes the world rate of return on capital as given and whose savings rate increases gradually from negative value. It is revealed that for such a country, (1) Kuznets curve is drawn and (2) capital/income ratio decreases in accordance with a rise in savings rate and return on capital.

The relationship between rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and income gap

Based on the time series data of Shandong province from 2001 to 2018,a VAR model consisting of three variables,namely,rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,was constructed,and the interaction among the three variables and their characteristics were empirically analyzed.The results show that urbanization and rural surplus labor transfer are Granger causation to each other,and there is a positive correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force in long-term equilibrium,while there is a negative correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force transfer.Therefore,it is necessary to fully recognize the relationship between the transfer of rural surplus labor,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,accelerate the urbanization construction,promote the rural surplus labor to gather in cities,and gradually narrow the urban-rural income gap.

新业态从业人员参加养老保险的成本收益与收入再分配效应——基于共同富裕视角

基于个人和社会角度,意在探讨哪种参保选择能同时满足个人的“成本收益”效应最大化和社会的“收入再分配”效应最大化,以达到推进共同富裕的效果。采用2018年中国劳动力动态调查微观数据(CLDS),构建精算模型研究发现:新业态从业人员基本养老保险全覆盖可使养老金成本收益比增加,使养老金基尼系数减小;养老金成本收益比随城职保参保率提高而增大,基尼系数随城职保参保率提高而减小;提升城职保参保率与增加缴费指数相结合的政策可以发挥更大的成本收益效应和收入再分配效应。为实现共同富裕的伟大目标,应加快推进新业态从业人员社会保险全覆盖,鼓励新业态从业人员参加城职保。

地方政府债务对城镇化的影响机制及中介效应

地方政府债务扩张是我国政府主导、投资驱动型传统城镇化模式的重要动能和必然表现。然而,当前地方债问题日益显现,地方城投平台高杠杆主导城镇化模式亟待转型。基于2002-2020年全国31个省份数据,运用个体固定效应与工具变量模型,实证分析地方政府债务对新型城镇化的影响机制及中介效应和调节效应后发现:地方债扩张对城镇化产生先促进再抑制的非线性影响,债务扩张初期有利于完善城市基础设施和促进就业,但后期资本效率下降和对私人投资的挤出凸显;地方债通过抬高房价-收入比、刺激固定资产投资进而促进城镇化;老龄化程度越高的地方政府越倾向通过债务扩张拉动城镇化;但是服务业就业会减缓地方债对城镇化的促进效果。因此,高城镇化水平区域要更加严控地方政府债务规模,约束地方城投公司行为,地方财政支出更多偏向养老支持、住房保障等普惠性公共服务,发挥第三产业就业对城镇化作用。

劳动收入变化中的要素收入结构和技能溢价:理论与估计

提高劳动报酬在收入分配体系中的比重是构建新发展格局和实现共同富裕的重要驱动力,本文基于2010—2021年沪深A股上市公司构成的面板数据,从技能溢价和劳资收入比的视角出发,采用固定效应和Tobit模型探讨其对劳动收入份额的影响、作用机制以及其中存在的异质性。研究发现,技能溢价和劳资收入比对劳动收入份额呈显著的负向影响,在经过内生性问题处理和一系列稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。进一步研究发现,技能劳动雇佣比对技能溢价有显著的负向影响。因此,应继续推动技术创新和引导技术进步,改善不同技能劳动要素收入及资本要素收入的关系,以实现高质量发展与共同富裕的双赢。

房地产信贷与住房可支付性

本文使用2010—2022年中国135个城市房地产信贷、房价、房租以及家庭收入与消费数据,考察房地产信贷对住房可支付性影响。实证研究发现,城市房地产开发贷款占比越高,城市房价收入比越低;城市住房抵押贷款占比越高,城市房价收入比与房租收入比越高;房地产信贷对房价可支付性的影响大于房租可支付性;房地产开发贷款提高城市中等收入者住房可支付性,但住房抵押贷款降低城市中等收入者住房可支付性。因此,住房信贷政策应主要解决城市中等收入者房价可支付问题而非房租可支付问题。

中心城市科技创新能促进城市群协调发展吗?——兼论收入房价比的调节作用

利用2007—2019年127个地级市的数据,系统检验了中心城市科技创新对城市群协调发展的影响机制,并讨论了收入房价比对二者关系的调节作用。研究发现:第一,中心城市科技创新水平的提高不仅显著促进了城市群协调发展,还加快了外围城市经济增长收敛,并在不同地区和不同发展阶段的城市群表现出明显的异质性。第二,中心城市科技创新通过深化产业分工促进城市群协调发展。第三,收入房价比能够调节中心城市科技创新与城市群协调发展之间的关系,但调节效果存在区域异质性,仅在中部地区显著增强了中心城市科技创新对城市群协调发展的促进作用,对东部和西部地区没有明显的调节作用。研究结论不仅丰富了中心城市科技创新影响城市群协调发展的理论研究,且在提高收入房价比方面提供了政策启示。

沿江典型区域杨树大径材人工林复合经营技术研究

本文对杨树大径材培育周期内的5个典型复合经营模式生长和经济效益进行分析,选择出适宜长江沿江典型区域种植的杨树大径材复合经营模式。结果表明:参试林农复合经营模式下杨树的胸径、树高、单位面积蓄积量分别比纯林增加15.31%(YM)~20.92%(YYD)、9.52%(YM)~11.31%(YY)、45.66%(YM)~61.38%(YYD)。采用间作模式的6年生杨树复合经营总收益均大于杨树纯林,杨树间作模式的总产值为杨树纯林的2.78(YM)~4.47倍(YYD)。采用多作物间作模式总收益及总产值明显高于单作物间作模式。其中套种6年杨树-油菜-黄豆(YYD)模式累计总收益(11 905元/667m^(2))最高,杨树-小麦-黄豆(YMD)累计总收益(11 599元/667m^(2))次之。5个模式下6年生杨树木材收益由高到低依次为:YYD(7 244元/667m^(2))>YMD(7 197元/667m^(2))>YY(7 106.5元/667m^(2))>YM(6 539.6元/667m^(2))>YC(4 408.48元/667 m^(2))。杨树-油菜-黄豆(YYD)是促进大径材杨树生长、材积和经济效益最高的优选模式。此研究旨在为长江沿江典型区域杨树的大径材培育和复合经营策略提供参考。

新房价格底部特征分析及政策建议

判断房价的趋势和拐点,是房地产市场研究的重点和难点,需要找到关键的分析指标。主要发达国家房地产市场发展历程表明,房价收入比的低点通常是房价的低点,房贷利率连续大幅下调会促进房价企稳,租金回报率超过无风险利率时房价触底支撑增强,购房意愿度最低时往往也是房价筑底的时候。我国在2008—2009年和2014—2015年经历过两次房价下行,房价筑底时房价收入比、个人住房贷款利率、租金回报率与无风险利率的利差、购房者预期四个指标均表现出了与国际市场相似的特征。本轮始于2021年下半年的房地产市场下行,是时间最长、房价调整幅度最大的一次。用房价收入比等四个指标判断,当前新房价格已呈现明显的底部特征。建议重视解决房企资金紧张问题,优化住房供给结构,降低居民改善置换成本,促进房地产市场尽快回稳。

基于改进成本收入比法的DRG成本核算模式探索与实践

成本收入比法以病案首页的费用分类划分服务单元,进行成本收入归集,存在一定缺陷,通过对成本收入比法进行优化,将服务单元细化为作业中心,引入作业成本费率作为分摊参数,构建DRG成本核算模型,为DRG成本核算方法的应用提供参考。结果显示,改进的成本收入比法可以快速、有效地核算DRG成本,核算结果更为精细,对帮助医院实现多维度精细化管理具有重要作用。

住房价格与养老保障水平对人口出生率的影响——基于2019~2023年我国省际面板数据的实证分析

目的:基于孩子成本——效益理论,分析住房价格与养老保障水平对人口出生率的影响,为提高我国生育水平,推动我国人口长期均衡发展、优化人口结构提出对策建议。方法:利用2019年~2023年31个省的宏观数据,采用房价收入比和基本养老保险覆盖率作为住房价格和养老保障水平的衡量指标,通过面板固定效应模型进行实证分析,考察住房价格与养老保障水平对人口出生率的影响。结果:基准回归结果表明,作为生育成本的房价收入比(β=-0.201,P<0.001)和作为生育保障收益替代的基本养老保险覆盖率(β=-11.832,P<0.001)对人口出生率都有显著的负向影响,加入双向固定效应后的结果与基准回归结果保持一致。异质性回归结果表明,住房价格与养老保障对人口出生率的影响会因城镇化率和养老金发放标准的不同存在差异。结论:我国应当通过调控房价收入比、改革基本养老保险制度、加强正确婚恋观和家庭观引导以及均衡教育与医疗资源等措施,增大生育收益与成本之差,提高生育意愿和人口出生率。

基于雷诺平均法的四圆柱桩绕流数值模拟研究

为研究河海深水中水流对桥梁桩基础的动力学作用。文章基于ANSYS/FLUENT数值仿真软件,采用雷诺平均法研究四圆柱桩的绕流特征,分析7种不同迎流角及3种典型间距比下的四圆柱桩流场特征、各桩阻力系数及桩周床面所受切应力的分布。结果表明:迎流角与间距比均对四圆柱桩绕流特性有较强的影响;随迎流角从0°增大到45°,下游桩周床面切应力分布模式由屏蔽状态逐渐转变为分离流冲击状态;当间距比为1.0时,临界屏蔽角为5°;当间距比为1.5或2.0时,迎流角处在20°~30°之间,各桩阻力系数值均处于1.0±0.2范围,此时屏蔽效应最小。