Research Progress on Flexible Ureteroscopy

The ureteroscopic surgical technique has developed rapidly in recent years and has become an important method of urological surgery. The manufacturing and production of corresponding ureteroscopes are also constantly improving. This article systematically reviews and analyzes existing literature, summarizes the characteristics of various ureteroscopes in recent years, studies the advantages and disadvantages of ureteroscopes with different characteristics, summarizes relevant clinical experience in the use of ureteroscopes, and provides preliminary prospects for the future development of ureteroscopes. The results indicate that disposable electronic ureteroscopes and robotic ureteroscope systems may be an important development direction in the future.

Evaluation of the mechanisms of damage to flexible ureteroscopes and suggestions for ureteroscope preservation

Aim： To investigate the causes and costs of flexible ureteroscope damage, and to develop recommendations to limit damage. Methods： The authors analysed repair figures and possible causes of damage to 35 instruments sent for repair to a leading UK supplier over a 1-year period, and calculated cost figures for maintenance of the instruments as opposed to repair and replacement costs. Results： All damages were handling-induced and therefore did not fall under the manufacturer＇s warranty： 28 % were damaged by misfiring of the laser inside the instrument; 72 %, mainly crushing and stripping of the ureteroscope shaft tube, were likely to have occurred during out-of-surgery handling, washing and disinfection. Seventeen （4 %） instruments were not repaired and consequently taken out of service due to the extensive costs involved. Eighteen （51%） ureteroscopes were repaired at an average cost of 10 833 USD. Conclusion： Damages to flexible ureteroscopes bear considerable costs. Most damages occur during handling between surgical procedures. Thorough adherence to handling procedures, and courses for theater staff and surgeons on handling flexible instruments may help to reduce these damages and prove a cost-saving investment. The authors provide a list of recommended procedural measures that may help to prevent such damages.

1.9 μm Thulium Laser Treats Ureteral Carcinoma via Rigid-ureteroscopy

RADICAL nephroureterectomy is the gold standardtreatment for patients with upper urinary tracturothelial cell carcinomas.1 However, ureteroscopehas enabled urologists to easily approach theupper urinary tract and resect tumor.2 Patients for whomendoscopic tumor resection is recommended includedthose with a solitary kidney, renal insufficiency, bilateraltransitional cell carcinoma （TCC） of the upper urinary tract。

Evaluation of Outcome of Ureteroscopic Pneumatic Lithotripsy in Single Lower Ureteric Calculus and Its Association with CT Parameters

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in single lower ureteric calculus and correlate its success with different CT parameters like HU, size of calculus and hydrnephrosis, if present. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted from October 2017 to March 2019 in Department of General Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi. 30 patients (out of which 6 were excluded due to spontaneous passage of calculus), with single lower ureteric calculus were chosen and the outcome of URSL was compared with respect to CT parameters of Size, HU and Hydronephrosis and intra-operative clearance of calculus. Results: Success rate of URSL in single lower ureteric calculus was found to be 75%. Lower HU (774.12 ± 212.85) was associated with higher success rate. Similarly smaller size of calculus (9 ± 2.1) mm was associated with success group. Patients with gross hydronephrosis had a poor outcome of URSL. Lower urinary tract infection (8.33%) was the most common complication. Conclusion: Patients with small size calculus, low HU and absence of hydronephrosis have a better outcome of URSL.

Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) versus Pneumatic Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy (URSL) for Lower Ureteral Stones Therapy in Asia: A Meta-Analysis

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy for lower ureteral stones therapy, we sought to identify and summarize randomized controlled trials that were used to treat distal ureteral stone. Methods: Eligible studies were identified from electronic databases. Database search, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently. Our primary outcome was the stone-free rate. Secondary outcomes were the fragmentation rate, complications and the rate of re-treatment and secondary procedures. The results were assessed by Review Manager 5.0. Publication bias was evaluated by Stata 11.0. Results: 13 trials were included. Meta-analysis of pooled data showed that pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy demonstrated a significant advantage over extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (OR = 0.14, 95% CI [0.09, 0.23], P < 0.00001) in the stone-free rate;the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy had statistical disadvantages over pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy in the fragmentation rate of ureteral stones (OR = 0.14, 95% CI [0.05, 0.39], P = 0.0002);and the rate of re-treatment and secondary procedure was lower in pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy than in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (OR = 5.37, 95% CI [2.61, 11.07], P < 0.00001). Our pooled results showed that there was no statistical difference between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy in hematuresis, ureteral stricture and urosepsis or fever. Finally extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy had a higher incidence of colic pain than pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggested that pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy had large advantages over extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of lower ureteral stones.

Single-use flexible ureteroscopes: Comparative in vitro analysis of four scopes

Objective:Single-use flexible ureteroscopes(fURSs)have recently been introduced by different companies.Goal of this in-vitro study was to compare four fURSs.Methods:We performed in vitro analysis of Uscope 7.5 Fr and Uscope 9.5 Fr(Pusen Ltd.,Zhuhai,China),LithoVue 9.5 Fr(LithoVue
,Boston Scientific,MA,USA),and Indoscope 9.5 Fr(Bioradmedisys
,Pune,India).Optical characteristics(image resolution,color representation,and luminosity)were compared at various distances of 10 mm,20 mm,and 50 mm.Deflection and irrigation were evaluated with and without accessories.Results:Color perception was comparable for all scopes at 10 mm(p<0.05),while Lithovue 9.5 Fr was comparable with Indoscope 9.5 Fr at the distances of 20 mm and 50 mm.Both scopes were statistically better than both Uscopes at the distances of 20 mm and 50 mm.Image resolution powers were comparable amongst all fURSs at the distances of 10 mm and 20 mm(3.56 line pairs per millimeter[lp/mm]).However,Indoscope(3.56 lp/mm)was superior to LithoVue and Uscope scopes(3.17 lp/mm)at the distance of 50 mm.Luminosity at the distance of 10 mm was comparable for LithoVue and Uscope 9.5 Fr.However,at the distances of 20 mm and 50 mm,LithoVue had the highest luminosity while Uscope 7.5 Fr had the lowest one.Indoscope had lower luminosity than other 9.5 Fr scopes at all distances.With empty working channel and 200 mm laser fiber,Indoscope had the maximum deflection(285
).With basket,Uscope 7.5 Fr had the maximum loss of deflection(30
)while Indoscope had no deflection loss.With empty working channel,all scopes had comparable irrigation flow rates in both deflected and undeflected state.Similarly,with 200 mm laser or basket,irrigation flow rates were comparable in all scopes.Conclusion:Color representation was equivalent for Indoscope and LithoVue,while being better than Uscope 7.5 Fr and Uscope 9.5 Fr.Image resolution was comparable in all scopes at the distances of 10 mm and 20 mm.Beyond the distance of 10 mm,luminosity of LithoVue was the highest and that of Uscope 7.5 Fr was the lowest.Deflection loss was the minimum with Indoscope and the maximum with 7.5 Fr Uscope.Under all scenarios,irrigation flow rates were comparable in all scopes.

Ureteroscopic holmium laser to transect the greater omentum to remove an abdominal drain:Four case reports

BACKGROUND Drainage tube removal is difficult when the greater omentum becomes incarcerated in the drainage tube through the side holes.Currently,known removal methods are either ineffective or will cause additional damage to the patient in a secondary operation.Ureteroscopy and the holmium laser have been used in various surgical techniques in urology,and in theory,they are expected to be a good strategy for solving the problem of tissue incarceration.CASE SUMMARY Four patients diagnosed with difficult removal of an abdominal drainage tube following abdominal surgery are reported.All patients underwent surgery to remove the incarcerated greater omentum in the drainage tube using a holmium laser and a ureteroscope,and a new 16-F drain was then placed in the abdominal or pelvic cavity.The efficacy of this technique was evaluated by intraoperative conditions,success rate,and operating time;safety was evaluated by perioperative conditions and the probability of postoperative complications.All four operations went smoothly,and the drains were successfully removed in all patients.The average operating time was 24.5 min.Intraoperatively,the average irrigation volume was 892.0 mL,the average drainage volume was 638.5 mL,and no bleeding or damage to surrounding tissues was observed.Postoperatively,the average drainage volume was 32.8 mL and the new drains were removed within 36 h.All patients were able to get out of bed and move around within 12 h.Their visual analogue pain scores were all below 3.The average follow-up duration was 12.5 mo and no complications such as fever or bleeding were noted.CONCLUSION Ureteroscopic holmium laser surgery is an effective,safe and minimally invasive technique for removing drains where the greater omentum is incarcerated in the abdominal drain.

Effect of flexible ureteroscope lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy on the levels of serum inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and stress hormone in patients with renal calculi

Objective: To investigate the effect of flexible ureteroscope lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy on levels of serum inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and stress hormone in patients with renal calculi. Methods: A total of 97 cases of renal calculi patients were chosen as the research objects, based on the random data table, they were divided into the control group (n=49) and the observation group (n=48), patients in the control group underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) treatment, while the observation group patients were treated with flexible ureteroscope lithotripsy (FURL), before and after 1 d ,the levels of inflammatory factors [interleukin-10 (IL-10), C reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC)], stress hormone [cortisol (COR), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), norepinephrine (NE)] and oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) ] of the two groups were compared. Results: There were no significant differences in IL-10, CRP, WBC, COR, ACTH, NE, MDA and SOD levels between the two groups preoperative;Compared with the preoperative level in the group, the 1 d post-operation levels of IL-10, CRP, WBC, COR, ACTH, NE and MDA in the two groups were significantly increased, and the level of the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group;The levels of SOD in the two groups 1 d post-operation were significantly lower than those in the same group preoperative, and the control group (85.65±9.95) U/mL was significantly lower than that of the control group (94.71±7.63) U/mL. Conclusion: Compared with percutaneous nephrolithotomy, flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy for renal calculi is less stressful and more favorable for postoperative recovery, has an important clinical value.

The efficacy and safety of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and flexible ureteroscopy with continuous anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs:A multicenter retrospective real-world study

Objective The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and flexible ureteroscopy(fURS)for treating patients on anticoagulant(AC)or antiplatelet(AP)medications.Patients and Methods The study included 213 patients with urinary stones who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy or fURS between January 2019 and October 2022 at the Shanghai Municipal Hospital Urology Specialist Alliance.Among these patients,15 received AC therapy,193 received AP therapy,and 5 received both AC and AP therapy.Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the real-world management of antithrombotic drugs:the continuation group(n=62),the discontinuation group(n=91),and the discontinuation and bridge heparin group(n=60).Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared among the 3 groups.Results Age,sex,body mass index,stone location,stone size,stone side,and residual fragments were not different among the groups.None of the patients received blood transfusions or had thromboembolic events,emergencies for gross hematuria,significant bleeding-related complications,or unplanned secondary ureteroscopic surgery.The mean duration of hospital stay of the continuation group(3.97 days)was significantly lower than that of the discontinuation group(5.99 days)and the discontinuation and bridge heparin group(5.75 days)(p<0.001).Conclusions Ureteroscopic lithotripsy and fURS can be performed safely and effectively in patients on AC or AP drugs,resulting in reduced duration of hospital stay.

Ureteroscopic lithotripsy using holmium laser for 187 patients with proximal ureteral stones

Background Improving the success rate of ureteroscopic lithotripsy for proximal ureteral stones is the hot issue in this field. Here we reported our experience on the treatment of proximal ureteral stones.Methods From 2005 to 2010, 187 consecutive patients with proximal ureteral stones who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy were enrolled. The initial 52 patients treated by semi-rigid ureteroscope alone were classified as group 1. The subsequent 135 patients treated by semi-rigid ureteroscope with the aid of stone basket and flexible ureteroscope were classified as group 2.Results In group 1, the overall stone-free rate was 67.3%. By a single procedure of ureteroscopic lithotripsy using a semi-rigid instrument, patients with ureteral stones below the 4th lumbar vertebra level achieved 91.7% stone-free rate, which was only 50% in patients with stones above the 4th lumbar vertebra level. Conversion to open surgery occurred in two patients since ureteral perforation was observed. In group 2, the stone-free rate achieved 93.2% with the aid of an N-Trap basket, which was significantly higher than that of patients without the aid of the basket （51.6%）. Flexible ureteroscope was subsequently used in patients with fragment migration, thus making the overall success rate in group 2 increases to 97.0%.Conclusions Ureteroscopic lithotripsy is a safe and efficacious treatment for proximal ureteral stones. A single procedure of ureteroscopic lithotripsy using semi-rigid ureteroscope could achieve a satisfactory stone-free rate in patients with proximal ureteral stones below the 4th lumbar vertebra level. However, patients with ureteral stones above the 4th lumbar vertebra level experienced higher stone-migration rate, which would decrease the success rate. Fortunately, the stone-free state could possibly be achieved with the aid of an N-trap basket and flexible ureteroscope.

Retrospective Analysis of Ultrasound-guided Flexible Ureteroscopy in the Management of Calyceal Diverticular Calculi

Background： Percutaneous nephrolithotomy （PCNL） is the most widely recommended treatment lbr calyceal diverticular calculi, providing excellent stone-free results. However, its invasiveness is not negligible considering its major complication rates. Flexible ureteroscopy （FURS） is currently used to treat calyceal diverticula. However, the greatest drawback of FURS is locating the diverticulum since its neck is narrow and concealed. In such a case, the FURS procedure must be converted to PCNL. The aim of this study was to evaluate ultrasound-guided flexible ureteroscopy （UFURS） identifying diverticulum and the managenlent of calyceal diverticular calculi. Methods： A retrospective analysis was conducted on 24 patients who had calyceal diverticnlar calculi. In all 12 patients in tile UFURS group, direct FURS failed to find evidence of calyceal diverticula but were confirmed with imaging. The other 12 patients in the PCNL group received PCNL plus fulguration of the divenicular walls. Results： Puncture ofcalyceal diverticulum was successful in all 12 UFURS patients. Two patients in this group had postoperative residual calculi and two patients developed lever. In the PCNL group, percutaneous renal access and lithotomy were successful in all 12 patients. One patient in this group had residual calculi, one had perirenal hematoma, and two patients developed fever. No significant difference was found in the operating time （UFURS vs. PCNL, 91.8 ± 24.2 vs. 86.3 ± 18.7 min）, stone-free rate （UFURS vs. PCNL, 9/12 vs. 10/12）, and rate of successful lithotripsy （UFURS vs. PCNL, 10/12 vs. 11/12） between the two groups （all P 〉 0.05）. Postoperative pain scores in the FURS group were significantly lower than that in the PCNL group （2.7 ±1.2 vs. 6.2 ±1.5. P 〈 0.05）. Hospital stay in the UFURS group was significantly shorter than that in the PCNL group （3.4 ± 0.8 vs. 5.4 ± 1.0 days, P 〈 0.05）. All patients were symptom-free following surgery （UFURS vs. PCNL, 10/10 vs. 12/12）. Conclusion： Ultrasound-guided puncture facilitates identification of calyceal diverticula during FURS and improves the success rate of FURS surgery.

Value of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in patients with ureteroscopic lithotripsy related urosepsis

Purpose::To investigate the clinical value of urine interleukin-18(IL-8),neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)and kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1)for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury(AKI)in patients with ureteroscopic lithotripsy(URL)related urosepsis.Methods::A retrospective study was carried out in 157 patients with urosepsis after URL.The patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group according to the Kidigo guideline and urine IL-8,NGAL and KIM-1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 0,4,12,24 and 48 h after the surgery.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of these three biomarkers for postoperative AKI.Results::The level of urine IL-8,NGAL and KIM-1 in AKI group was significantly higher than that in non-AKI group at 4,12,24 and 48 h(p<0.01).The ROC analysis showed the combined detection of urine IL-8,NGAL and KIM-1 at 12 h had a larger area under curve(AUC)than a single marker(0.997,95%CI:0.991-0.998),and the sensitivity and specificity were 98.2%and 96.7%,respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of urine NGAL at 4,12,24 and 48 h in AKI patients were positively correlated with the levels of urine KIM-1 and IL-18(p<0.01).Conclusion::AKI could be quickly recognized by the elevated level of urine IL-8,NGAL and KIM-1 in patients with URL-related urosepsis.Combined detection of the three urine biomarkers at 12 h after surgery had a better diagnostic performance,which may be an important reference for the early diagnosis of AKI.

Acupoint Massage in Relieving Pain afte Ureteroscopic Holmium Laser Lithotripsy

Objective: To observe the effect of acupoint massage in relieving pain after ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy. Methods: Ninety-two patients undergone ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy were enrolled and randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 46 in each group. Patients in the control group were given regular nursing care, while patients in the treatment group were intervened by acupoint massage in addition to the regular nursing care. The pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after operation, and compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in comparing the VAS score at 6 h after operation between the two groups(P>0.05). The VAS scores in the treatment group at 12 h and 24 h after operation were significantly lower than those in the control group(both P<0.05). Fewer patients in the treatment group used analgesics compared with those in the control group.Conclusion: Acupoint massage can effectively relieve the pain after ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy, reduce the use of analgesics, and promote the recovery.

Outcomes of a non-randomised audit of single pigtail suture stents in urolithiasis management of Asian patients in Singapore

Objective:Double-J(DJ)ureteric stents are commonly placed perioperatively for semirigid or flexible ureteroscopic renal surgery.It is believed that lesser stent material within the bladder mitigates stent-related symptoms.This study aimed to evaluate the J-Fil ureteral stent,a single pigtail suture stent compared with conventional DJ stent in relation to stent symptoms in an Asian population undergoing ureterorenal intervention.Methods:Based on internal audit committee recommendation approval,the records of 50 patients retrieved,available data of 41 patients who were prospectively enrolled into two groups(Group 1[J-Fil stent group],n=21 and Group 2[DJ stent group],n=20)between August 2020 to January 2021,were analysed.Parameters compared were nature of procedure,stone location and size,ease of deployment or removal,and complications.A modified universal stent symptom questionnaire was used to assess morbidity of stent symptoms within 48 h of insertion and at removal.Results:Both groups had similar median age,distribution in male to female ratio,and stone size.The overall median universal stent symptom questionnaire score at insertion was similar for bladder pain,flank or loin pain,and quality of life between Group 1 and 2;however,at removal Group 1 fared significantly better than Group 2,especially for flank or loin pain and pain at voiding.Both groups had similar ease in insertion with no hospital readmissions.Conclusion:Our audit favoured the single pigtail suture stent in Asian ureters in mitigating stent-related issues.It showed a good safety profile with easy deployment and removal.It promises a new standard in stenting.

输尿管软镜联合末端可弯曲输尿管软镜鞘治疗肾结石的临床研究

目的探讨输尿管软镜联合末端可弯曲输尿管软镜鞘(FTS-UAS)治疗肾结石的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2022年6月—2023年8月陕西中医药大学第二附属医院泌尿外科收治的94例肾结石患者的临床资料。按照不同的手术方案分为对照组(50例,输尿管软镜联合常规鞘)和观察组(44例,输尿管软镜联合FTS-UAS)。观察两组术后1d、3d、4周的结石清除率,统计手术指标、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、并发症及恢复情况。结果观察组术后1d、3d、4周结石清除率高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组手术时间、术中出血量、血红蛋白下降幅度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术前、术后1 d VAS评分的差值高于对照组。两组并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组并发症的Clavien分级均为Ⅰ级。观察组术后血尿持续时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。两组住院时间、住院费用比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论输尿管软镜联合FTS-UAS治疗肾结石具有较高的结石清除率,还可减轻疼痛程度,且不会增加并发症的发生。

可控负压吸引下输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石合并尿路感染的疗效分析

目的 分析肾结石且伴有尿路感染患者应用可控负压吸引下输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗的临床效果。方法 80例肾结石合并尿路感染患者,将样本经随机法分为实验组和对照组,每组40例。对照组患者接受常压输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗,实验组患者接受可控负压吸引下输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗。比较两组患者术后住院时间、术后血尿时间、手术时间、术后结石清除率及术后感染发生情况。结果 实验组患者的术后住院时间(2.55±1.45)d、术后血尿时间(1.13±0.56)d、手术时间(42.30±4.24)min明显短于对照组的(4.00±2.35)d、(2.20±0.65)d、(63.03±6.33)min(P<0.05)。实验组患者的术后感染发生率为12.5%(5/40),相比于对照组的40.0%(16/40)低(P<0.05),手术更安全、可靠。实验组患者的术后结石清除率97.5%(39/40)显著高于对照组的82.5%(33/40)(P<0.05),术后残石率更低。结论 可控负压吸引下输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术应用于肾结石合并尿路感染治疗中,能够有效缩短住院时间及手术时间,提高术后结石清除率,降低患者术后发热发生率,安全有效。

输尿管软镜联合末端可弯曲负压鞘治疗长径≥1.5 cm的输尿管嵌顿性结石的临床研究

目的:探讨输尿管软镜联合末端可弯曲负压鞘治疗长径≥1.5 cm的输尿管嵌顿性结石的有效性和安全性并总结临床经验。方法:回顾性分析27例于2023年1月至2024年2月在广西医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科行输尿管软镜联合末端可弯曲负压鞘治疗长径≥1.5 cm的输尿管嵌顿性结石患者的临床资料。结果:本组病例共27例,男23例,女4例;年龄(48.4±15.4)岁;体质指数(23.7±3.2)kg/m^(2);输尿管结石位于左侧19例,右侧8例;结石CT值(1097.6±268.7)HU;结石长度为(1.8±0.3)cm,宽度为(0.9±0.2)cm;结石位于输尿管上段24例,中段2例,下段1例;合并同侧肾结石5例,无肾结石22例;肾积水(4.7±1.8)cm;术前尿白细胞(-)2例,(+)13例,(++)7例,(+++)5例;25例完成软镜手术,2例术中改变手术方式;手术时间(86.7±46.4)min;住院时间(3.1±1.7)d;术前血白细胞和血红蛋白分别为(8.0±2.4)×10^(9)/L和(135.1±21.4)g/L,术后第1天血白细胞和血红蛋白分别为(8.9±2.5)×10^(9)/L和(135.9±17.8)g/L;术后第1天复查无结石残留22例,有结石残留5例;术后当天体温为(36.2±0.2)℃,无尿源性脓毒血症相关临床表现。结论:输尿管软镜联合末端可弯曲负压鞘治疗长径≥1.5 cm输尿管嵌顿性结石安全、有效,结石清除率较高,并发症发生率较低。

国产一次性电子输尿管软镜联合负压吸引鞘治疗单侧重复肾重复输尿管畸形合并上尿路结石的疗效分析

目的:探讨国产一次性电子输尿管软镜联合负压吸引鞘治疗单侧重复肾重复输尿管畸形合并上尿路结石的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2018年5月至2023年9月武汉大学人民医院泌尿外科收治的17例单侧重复肾重复输尿管畸形合并上尿路结石的患者资料,该17例患者均采用输尿管软镜联合负压吸引鞘治疗上尿路结石。分析其结石分布、结石大小、手术时间、术中术后并发症、术后住院时间、结石清除率等,并随访患者的术后情况。结果:所有17例患者手术顺利,手术时间27~65 min,平均(43.4±6.7)min,术中术后均未出现输尿管撕裂、穿孔、感染性休克等严重并发症。术后1~3个月复查腹部平片(kidney ureter bladder,KUB)或泌尿系计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT),15例患者结石清除,结石清除率15/17(88.24%)。二期手术患者2例,二期手术结石清除率100%。结论:国产一次性电子输尿管软镜联合负压吸引鞘治疗单侧重复肾重复输尿管畸形合并上尿路结石,结石清除率高,手术并发症少,具有良好的有效性及安全性。

一次性输尿管软镜治疗肾盂旁囊肿合并同侧继发肾结石

目的探讨一次性输尿管软镜同时行钬激光碎石取石术和肾囊肿内切开引流术治疗肾盂旁囊肿合并同侧继发性肾结石的临床治疗效果。方法2019年9月至2023年2月,在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院使用一次性输尿管软镜对58例肾盂旁肾囊肿合并同侧肾结石患者行钬激光碎石取石术和肾囊肿内切开引流术治疗。分别于术后1、2、6、12个月于门诊随访超声和计算机断层扫描检查以检测残结石及肾囊肿复发情况。结果患者平均年龄分别为(39.3±15.6)岁。肾盂旁囊肿平均大小为(5.8±1.9)cm,包括54例BosniakⅠ类和4例BosniakⅡ型肾囊肿患者,肾结石的平均大小为(13.3±5.5)mm,平均手术时间为(33.4±12.1)min,平均住院时间为(2.3±0.7)d,并发症包括3例患者短暂发热(>38℃)和1例患者明显出血,无严重并发症。手术后1个月和2个月的无结石率分别为94.1%(53例)和98.3%(57例),术后1年随访期间,囊肿复发率为6.9%(4例),结石复发率为5.2%(3例)。结论一次性输尿管软镜下行钬激光碎石取石术和肾囊肿内切开引流术同时治疗肾结石和肾盂旁囊肿是安全有效的,清石率令人满意,囊肿复发率低。

改进型超声引导下针状可视肾镜(Needle perc)钬激光碎石术治疗肾下盏结石的临床评价:与输尿管软镜对比

目的比较改进型超声引导下针状可视肾镜(Needle perc)钬激光碎石术和输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗1~2 cm肾下盏结石的效果,为临床治疗方式的选择提供参考。方法回顾性分析2022年1月—2023年5月郑州市第一人民医院收治的60例肾内单发下盏结石(最大径1~2 cm)患者的临床资料,比较行输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术的30例患者(软镜组)和改进型超声引导下Needle perc钬激光碎石术的30例患者(Needle perc组)的临床资料。结果Needle perc组较软镜组的整体住院时间[(3.00±1.25)d vs.(4.00±1.25)d]、手术时间[(44.63±5.42)min vs.(48.50±7.24)min]和住院花费[(15518±441)元vs.(16872±903)元]均较少(P<0.05)。Needle perc组术后清石率高于软镜组[93.3%(28/30)vs.50.7%(15/30),P<0.001]。术后降钙素原(PCT)上升幅度低于软镜组[(0.02±0.01)vs.(0.12±0.18),P=0.007],而并发症发生率低于软镜组[3.3%(1/30)vs.26.7%(8/30),P=0.030]。结论对于1~2 cm的肾下盏单发结石,改进型超声引导下Needle perc钬激光碎石术清石率较高、并发症发生率低,安全且有效。