The correlation of spot urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio with 24-h urinary protein excretion in various glomerulopathies

BACKGROUND Proteinuria is an important and well-known biomarker of many forms of kidney injury.Its quantitation is of particular importance in the diagnosis and management of glomerular diseases.Its quantification can be done by several methods.Among these,the measurement of 24-h urinary protein excretion is the gold standard method.However,it is cumbersome,time-consuming,and inconvenient for patients and is not completely foolproof.Many alternative methods have been tested over time albeit with conflicting results.Among the latter,the measurement of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio(uPCR)in singlevoided urinary samples is widely used.The majority of studies found a good correlation between uPCR in single urine samples with 24-h urinary protein estimation,whereas others did not.AIM To investigate the correlation of spot uPCR with 24-h urinary protein estimation in patients suffering from different forms of glomerulopathies at a single largevolume nephrological center in Pakistan.METHODS This cross-sectional,observational study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan from September 2017 to March 2018.All newly presenting adult patients with proteinuria who were being investigated for suspected glomerulonephritis and persistent proteinuria with ages between 18 to 60 years were enrolled.All patients were given detailed advice regarding 24-h urine collection starting at 7:00 AM for total protein and creatinine excretion estimations.A spot urine sample was collected the next day at the time of submission of a 24-h urine sample for measuring uPCR along with a blood sample.The data of patients were collected in a proforma.SPSS version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS A total of 157 patients were included.Their mean age was 30.45±12.11 years.There were 94(59.8%)males and 63(40.2%)females.The mean 24-h urinary protein excretion was 3192.78±1959.79 mg and the mean spot uPCR was 3.16±1.52 in all patients.A weak but significant correlation was observed between spot uPCR and 24-h urinary protein excretion(r=0.342,P=0.01)among all patients.On subgroup analysis,a slightly better correlation was found in patients older than 47 years(r=0.78),and those with body mass index>25 kg/m2(r=0.45).The Bland and Altman's plot analysis comparing the differences between spot uPCR and 24-h protein measurement also showed a wide range of the limits of agreement between the two methods.CONCLUSION Overall,the results from this study showed a significant and weakly positive correlation between spot uPCR and 24-h urinary protein estimation in different forms of glomerulopathies.The agreement between the two methods was also poor.Hence,there is a need for careful interpretation of the ratio in an unselected group of patients with kidney disease.

Establish Albumin-creatinine Ratio Reference Value of Adults in the Rural Area of Hebei Province

Objective To establish albumin-creatinine ratio （ACR） reference value of the rural population in Hebei province. Methods This study enrolled 5154 participants. By excluding subjects with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and overweight condition, as well as those with an estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）（60 ml/（min· 1.73 m^2）, apparently healthy subjects （1168） were selected. Urine albumin was measured by using the immunoturbidimetic method, serum creatinine was measured by using Jaffe＇s kinetic method on a morning spot-urine sample, and ACR was calculated. The 95th percentile of ACR in the healthy subjects was used as the normal upper limit. Results The normal upper limit of ACR was 28.71 mg/g （3.25 mg/retool） for males and 31.85 mg/g （3.60 rag/retool） for females. Based on this ACR reference value, the age-gender standardized prevalence of albuminuria in the rural areas of Hebei province was 12.9%. Conclusion The ACR reference value in the rural of Hebei province is higher than that of the Western population.

Comparison between different methods of urine collection for estimation of albumin-creatinine ratio in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus

In patients with diabetes mellitus, urinary albumin-creatinine-ratio (ACR) predicts progressive kidney disease. In order to determine the better urine sample for detecting ACR, we estimated ACR in three modes of urine sample. Two hundred patients of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with proteinuria irrespective of age and sex were studied for urinary ACR in all the three types of samples over a period of 2 years. The statistical analysis showed that first morning ACR (r = 0.999, p > 0.001) of the subjects was more significantly correlated with their 24 hour urine sample ACR than spot urine (r = 0.995,

Value of Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Prognosis of Surgically Resectable Urinary Cancers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective Accumulated evidence has suggested that there is a close association between preoperative neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and prognosis of various malignant tumors.However,the relationship between NLR and surgically resectable urinary cancers remains contradictory.Therefore,we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore whether preoperative NLR could predict the prognosis of surgically resectable urinary cancers.Methods After searching the Embase,PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane databases and screening the articles,we finally included 25 studies involving 15950 patients.Hazard ratios(HRs)and their 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were extracted to assess the association between preoperative NLR and the overall survival(OS)and cancerspecific survival(CSS)of surgically resectable urinary cancers.Results The pooled results revealed that an elevated preoperative NLR could predict a worse OS(HR=1.40,95%CI:1.26–1.54,P<0.001)and CSS(HR=1.43,95%CI:1.27–1.59,P<0.001)in urinary cancers.In addition,our analyses also suggested that high preoperative NLR was associated with worse prognosis in renal cell carcinoma(OS:HR=2.06,95%CI:1.54–2.76,P=0.131;CSS:HR=2.46,95%CI:1.46–4.16,P=0.178),upper tract urothelial carcinoma(OS:HR=1.91,95%CI:1.50–2.42,P=0.616;CSS:HR=1.84,95%CI:1.41–2.39,P=0.001),bladder cancer(OS:HR=1.09,95%CI:1.02–1.17,P<0.001;CSS:HR=1.05,95%CI:1.01–1.09,P=0.163)and prostate cancer(OS:HR=1.69,95%CI:1.19–2.41,P=0.714).Regardless of the participants’race or the cutoff value of the preoperative NLR,the results remained valid.Conclusion Elevated preoperative NLR could predict a worse prognosis in surgically resectable urinary cancers,namely,renal cell carcinoma,bladder cancer,prostate cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Urine microscopy and neutrophilelymphocyte ratio are early predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with urinary tract infection

Objective:Urinary tract infection(UTI)is a common cause of morbidity and hospitalisation in the population worldwide.Upper UTI is indolent and causes subclinical acute kidney injury(AKI)resulting in preventable cause of scarring of renal parenchyma.We explored urinary and serum levels of kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),haematological parameters and quantitative urine microscopy parameters to predict kidney injury.Methods:Neutrophilelymphocyte ratio(NLR)is obtained by dividing absolute neutrophil count with absolute lymphocyte count.Quantitative urine sediment microscopy was performed and correlated with clinical,biochemical and haematological findings to predict AKI in patients with UTI.Quantitative ELISA was performed for serum and urine levels of KIM-1.Seventy two adult patients with UTI were enrolled,45 of whom had AKI while 27 were in the non-AKI group.Results:NLR(p=0.005)and renal tubular epithelial cell-granular cast score in quantitative urine microscopy(p=0.008)are strong predictors of AKI in patients with UTI while rest of quantitative urine microscopy parameters and serum and urinary levels of KIM-1 molecule were not found to be useful in prediction of AKI.Conclusion:NLR in haemogram is a novel and useful biomarker for predicting AKI in patients with UTI.

Determination of upper reference value of urinary calcium-creatinine ratio for the paediatric population in Burdwan district

To estimate the rate of excretion of urinary calcium, a 24-hour sample of urine is required and this is not always easy to collect accurately in infant and children. So, random urine calcium to creatinine ratio (Ca/Cr ratio) has been developed. But as the ratio varies worldwide, reference values of the parameter in paediatric population are not developed. To determine reference value, the present study was conducted in healthy paediatric population in Burdwan district, West Bengal. This study was performed on 693 healthy paediatric subjects, aged between 3 months to 18 years and divided into five groups. Early morning non-fasting urine samples from all study groups were analyzed for Ca/Cr ratio. A negative correlation was observed between age and urinary Ca/Cr ratio, but there was no significant difference of urinary Ca/Cr ratio between two sexes. Considering 97.5th percentile of the underlying distribution of values as the upper limit of reference range, upper reference values of urinary Ca/Cr ratio for age groups

膜性肾病患者抗磷脂酶A2受体抗体定量水平与肾损伤标志物的相关性

目的探讨膜性肾病(MN)患者抗磷脂酶A2受体(PLA2R)抗体定量水平与肾损伤标志物的相关性。方法回顾性选取2020年5月至2021年4月就诊于厦门大学附属第一医院的79例MN患者作为MN组。另选取同期45例临床诊断非MN患者作为对照组。比较两组抗PLA2R抗体定量水平的差异及不同截断值下的诊断性能。收集MN组血清和尿液标志物检测结果,包括尿液24 h尿蛋白(24 h-UTP)、尿微量清蛋白(ALB)与肌酐(Cr)比值(ACR)以及血清总蛋白(TP)、ALB、尿素氮(BUN)、Cr、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂胱抑素C(Cys C)水平。根据改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO2012)指南以抗PLA2R抗体定量150 RU/mL为截断值分成低浓度组(≤150 RU/mL)和高浓度组(>150 RU/mL),分析比较各肾损伤标志物差异。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价诊断效能。采用Spearman相关分析抗PLA2R抗体水平与24 h-UTP、ACR、ALB、BUN的相关性。结果MN组抗PLA2R抗体水平[79.80(21.70,206.70)RU/mL]高于对照组[1.54(1.36,1.74)RU/mL],差异有统计学意义(Z=-8.47,P<0.01)。<40岁、40~60岁、>60岁抗PLA2R抗体水平分别为40.9(21.4,84.9)RU/mL、73.2(5.1,202.5)RU/mL、171.6(40.9,460.2)RU/mL,抗PLA2R抗体水平随年龄升高而升高,差异有统计学意义(H=10.44,P<0.05)。截断值≥20 RU/mL时,抗PLA2R抗体诊断MN的特异度为100.0%,但灵敏度仅78.5%。ROC曲线分析结果显示,最佳截断值为2.16 RU/mL时,灵敏度为92.4%,特异度为95.6%,约登指数为0.880。高浓度组纳入27例患者,低浓度组纳入52例患者。高浓度组24 h-UTP、ACR、BUN水平明显高于低浓度组,ALB水平明显低于低浓度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,抗PLA2R抗体与24 h-UTP、ACR、BUN呈正相关(r=0.635、0.628、0.240,P<0.05),与ALB呈负相关(r=-0.344,P<0.05)。结论抗PLA2R抗体定量水平对于MN患者具有较好诊断价值,抗PLA2R抗体定量水平与肾损伤标志物存在一定相关性,研究结果为本地区MN的临床诊断治疗提供参考。

尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值、尿视黄醇结合蛋白及尿β2微球蛋白联合检测对糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值(ACR)、尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)及尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)联合检测对糖尿病肾病的诊断价值。方法 对2022年1月—2023年6月本院收治的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者200例临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据是否有糖尿病肾病分为肾病组(100例)、单纯糖尿病(DM)组(100例),均接受ACR、RBP及β2-MG联合检测,对检测结果进行分析。结果 肾病组ACR、RBP、β2-MG水平与单纯糖尿病组比较有明显差异(P<0.05);肾病组患者不同Mogensen分期患者的尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值、尿视黄醇及尿β2微球蛋白水平比较有明显差异(P<0.05);单项检测的诊断特异度、灵敏度明显较联合检测低(P<0.05)。结论 ACR、RBP、β2-MG联合检测对糖尿病肾病具有较高的检测价值,在出现早期肾损伤时即可检出,也有助于评估肾病程度,为临床制定治疗方案提供参考依据。

尿转铁蛋白与2型糖尿病人群新发心血管疾病的关系

目的探索2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)人群尿转铁蛋白与尿肌酐比值(uTRF/Cr)和新发心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)的关系。方法选择参加开滦第6次健康体检且进行尿转铁蛋白及尿肌酐检测的T2DM患者8163例。依据基线uTRF/Cr水平将患者按三分位数分为3组,第一分位组2721例,第二分位组2721例;第三分位组2721例。采用多因素Cox回归模型分析uTRF/Cr对CVD发病风险的影响。结果①研究人群基线年龄(60.46±9.96)岁,男性占78.30%,基线uTRF/Cr为0.24(0.16~0.47)mg/mmol。②中位随访时间为3.85(3.43~4.22)年,共发生CVD事件411例(6.79%),第一、二、三分位组总CVD事件的累计发病率分别为3.81%、4.65%和7.29%。③校正相关影响因素后,第二、三分位组总CVD事件的风险分别是第一分位组的1.12(95%CI:0.86~1.46)倍和1.52(95%CI:1.18~1.97)倍。结论uTRF/Cr升高是T2DM人群CVD的独立危险因素,在出现大量白蛋白尿之前,CVD的发病风险也随着uTRF/Cr升高而增加。

半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C与糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys C)与糖尿病肾病(DKD)的相关性。方法收集2019年1月至12月陕西省人民医院内分泌科住院的122例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床资料,按尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(UACR)分为单纯糖尿病(DM)组(UACR<30 mg/g,89例)、DKD组(UACR≥30 mg/g,33例)。比较两组临床资料,采用logistic回归分析T2DM患者发生DKD的危险因素,绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评价Cys C对DKD的预测价值。结果DKD组收缩压、碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白、球蛋白、血清肌酐、尿微量白蛋白、尿α_(1)微球蛋白、UACR、Cys C均高于单纯DM组,病程长于单纯DM组(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,Cys C是DKD的危险因素(OR=28.369,95%CI:1.208~666.129,P=0.038)。ROC曲线分析显示,Cys C预测DKD的曲线下面积为0.757(P<0.05)。结论Cys C与T2DM合并DKD密切相关,检测Cys C可用于评估DKD病情进展。

水蛭和黄连随证施量策略在糖尿病肾病治疗中的运用

糖尿病肾病是主要的糖尿病微血管并发症之一,该疾病早中期,患者常没有明显的临床症状,但会有蛋白尿,ACR升高等异常指标,因此在准确辨证基础上,应用针对降蛋白尿和降糖的中药水蛭和黄连,往往能获得较好的疗效。对于此类药物的剂量,要结合随证施量策略,选定调整剂量的指征,找准变量的时机,控制好药物用量的范围,才能在确保用药安全的基础上取得最佳疗效。

昆明市2社区2型糖尿病慢病管理患者服药依从性对病情控制的影响

目的分析昆明市2社区2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2DM)慢病管理患者服药依从性对病情控制的影响。方法选取2021年12月至2022年7月昆明市官渡、小板桥2个社区纳入慢病管理的2型糖尿病患者138例,完善基本信息采集、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)等相关检查,进行Morisliy服药依从性量表(8-item Morisky medication adherence scale,MMAS-8)问卷调查,分析服药依从性高(A组)、中(B组)、低(C组)3组的HbAlc等指标水平,并进行统计学分析。结果A组病例数占22.5%,B组占44.9%,C组占32.6%。2组间的尿白蛋白肌酐比(UACR)、HbA1c、血肌酐差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患者UACR、HbAlc、血肌酐水平低于B组、C组患者,UACR、HbAlc、血肌酐与用药依从率存在相关性,呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论昆明市官渡社区、小板桥2社区2型糖尿病慢病管理患者服药依从性高的患者比例仅为22.5%。依从性越高,患者UACR、HbAlc、血肌酐水平越低,两者之间存在相关性,提示应将服药的依从性作为社区糖尿病慢病管理中重点之一,并应加强对患者服药依从性的干预。

高血压早期肾损害诊断指标的筛选

目的:筛选高血压早期肾损害的诊断指标。方法:搜集2020年1月至2023年2月河南省人民医院内科病房收治的高血压患者,选取高血压早期肾损害[30 mg/24 h≤尿白蛋白排泄率(uAER)<300 mg/24 h]患者51例(肾损害组),以及单纯高血压患者51例(对照组)。比较两组患者血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、胱抑素C(CysC)、尿微量白蛋白(umALB)、微量白蛋白/肌酐比值(uACR)、α1微球蛋白(uα1MG)、β2微球蛋白(uβ2MG)、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(uNAG)及转铁蛋白(uTF)水平的差异。绘制ROC曲线,比较上述指标对高血压早期肾损害的诊断效能。结果:肾损害组患者血清BUN、SCr、HCY、RBP、CysC水平及umALB、uAER、uACR、uα1MG、uβ2MG、uNAG、uTF水平均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线AUC>0.9的指标从高到低分别为uACR>CysC>uα1MG>uβ2MG>umALB>RBP,其中CysC+uACR联合诊断的效能和敏感度最高[AUC(95%CI)为0.994(0.954~1.000),敏感度为1.000]。结论:CysC+uACR为高血压患者早期肾损害的高效诊断指标。

血清C型凝集素结构域家族11成员A在糖尿病肾脏病进展中的变化及在骨代谢评估中的意义

目的分析血清C型凝集素结构域家族11成员A(Clec11a)在糖尿病肾脏病(DKD)进展中的变化,评估其在DKD患者骨代谢评价中的价值。方法收集184例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者临床资料并检测外周血Clec11a水平,根据尿白蛋白肌酐比(UACR)将纳入的患者分为三组:无蛋白尿组(UACR<30 mg/g,76例)、微量蛋白尿组(UACR 30~300 mg/g,72例)和大量蛋白尿组(UACR>300 mg/g,36例)。另选取同期体检健康者50例为正常对照组。比较各组患者的一般资料、骨密度(BMD)、骨代谢指标,分析非糖尿病、不同分期DKD患者血清Clec11a水平及其他骨代谢指标,评估UACR与Clec11a及其他骨代谢指标之间的相关性。结果T2DM各亚组Clec11a水平及估测肾小球滤过率(eGFR)均低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。在T2DM各亚组间比较,随着UACR上升,Clec11a水平及eGFR逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。微量蛋白尿组股骨颈BMD、Clec11a水平低于无蛋白尿组(P<0.05);大量蛋白尿组腰椎BMD、Clec11a水平低于微量蛋白尿组(P<0.05)。而骨代谢指标如25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、骨钙素N端中分子片段、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽、甲状旁腺素、β胶原降解产物,微量蛋白尿组与无蛋白尿组之间差异无统计学意义。T2DM患者BMD、25(OH)D、Clec11a水平与UACR水平呈负相关(P<0.05),其中Clec11a与UACR相关性最强。结论T2DM患者血清Clec11a水平显著降低,且随着UACR的上升逐渐降低;与其他骨代谢指标比较,Clec11a与UACR间呈较强的负相关性。定期检测DKD患者血清Clec11a含量有助于早期识别骨量丢失。

格列美脲联合达格列净治疗2型糖尿病肾病的疗效及对BUN、CREA、ACR水平的影响

目的 探究格列美脲联合达格列净治疗2型糖尿病肾病的疗效及对尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CREA)、尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(ACR)水平的影响。方法 选取2021年3月至2023年3月120例临泉县人民医院内分泌科收治的2型糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象,依据治疗方式的不同分为达格列净治疗组(对照组)64例(给予达格列净治疗)与格列美脲联合达格列净治疗组(研究组)56例(给予格列美脲联合达格列净治疗)。对比两组临床疗效、血糖达标时间及胰岛素日用量间的差异,比较达格列净治疗组与格列美脲联合达格列净治疗组治疗前后的血糖指标及BUN、CREA、ACR水平。结果 格列美脲联合达格列净治疗组临床治疗总有效率96.43%显著高于达格列净治疗组82.81%,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.006,P<0.05)。治疗12周后,与达格列净治疗组比较,格列美脲联合达格列净治疗组血糖达标时间明显缩短,胰岛素日用量也显著减少,差异均有统计学意义(t=4.449、9.958,P<0.05)。两组FPG、HbA1 c、BUN、CREA、ACR水平均下降,且格列美脲联合达格列净治疗组FPG、HbA1 c、BUN、CREA、ACR水平低于达格列净治疗组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.382、4.028、20.741、2.930、2.360,P<0.05)。结论 与单用达格列净治疗相比,采用格列美脲联合达格列净治疗可有效改善2型糖尿病肾病患者血糖控制情况,调节胰岛素抵抗状态,降低BUN、CREA、ACR水平。

β_(2)微球蛋白、血清胱抑素与尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的分析β_(2)微球蛋白(β_(2)-microglobulin,β_(2)-MG)、血清胱抑素(cystatin C,CysC)与尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值(Albumin-to-creatinine Ratio,ACR)在早期糖尿病肾病诊断中的诊断价值。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月江苏省灌云县中医院检验科收治的46例单纯糖尿病为观察A组,54例糖尿病肾病患者为观察B组,并以同时期到本院体检的56例体检者为对照组,均测定β_(2)-MG、CysC与ACR水平,分析其在早期糖尿病肾病中的诊断效果。结果观察组β_(2)-MG为(3.56±0.42)mg/L、CysC为(1.23±0.38)mg/L与ACR为(70.24±43.73)mg/g高于对照组的(2.11±0.41)mg/L、(0.61±0.21)mg/L、(10.65±7.55)mg/g,差异有统计学意义(t=20.861、11.273、10.100,P均<0.05)。观察B组β_(2)-MG、CysC与ACR水平高于观察A组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。联合检测的灵敏度、特异度及准确度高于β_(2)-MG、CysC与ACR单一检测,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论β_(2)-MG、CysC与ACR指标可作为早期糖尿病肾病患者诊断的敏感指标,对患者病情诊断、治疗方案拟定及预后评估有重要意义。

上尿路结石术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染列线图风险预测模型的构建

目的:探讨上尿路结石病人术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染的危险因素,并构建其列线图风险预测模型。方法:回顾性收集2020年7月-2022年6月某三级甲等综合医院收治的216例上尿路结石并留置双J管病人,根据双J管相关性尿路感染的发病情况将其分为感染组与非感染组,采用单因素分析、Logistic回归分析上尿路结石病人术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染的危险因素,构建列线图风险预测模型并评价该模型的实际效用。结果:上尿路结石病人术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染29例(13.43%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并糖尿病、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和肾积水程度是上尿路结石病人术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染的独立危险因素。列线图风险预测模型内部验证结果显示,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验χ^(2)=6.981,P=0.639,ROC曲线下面积为0.853[95%CI(0.774,0.934)]。结论:构建的列线图风险预测模型具有良好的预警作用,为医护人员早期识别上尿路结石术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染的高危人群,及时采取有效的预防措施降低感染率提供依据。

白蛋白与球蛋白比率在输尿管镜碎石术后并发发热性尿路感染早期诊断中的价值

目的:探究白蛋白与球蛋白比率(AGR)在输尿管镜碎石术(URS)术后并发发热性尿路感染(UTI)早期诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2021年5月至2022年12月在我院行URS的280例患者的临床资料,根据是否发生发热性UTI分为感染组(78例)与未感染组(202例)。比较两组AGR、CRP及PCT水平,采用ROC曲线分析AGR、CRP及PCT对URS术后患者并发发热性UTI的诊断价值。结果:感染组AGR、CRP及PCT水平均高于未感染组(P<0.05)。AGR、CRP、PCT及联合诊断的曲线下面积分别为0.729、0.836、0.841及0.943,均具有诊断价值,且联合诊断的价值高于各指标单独诊断(P<0.05)。AGR≥1.51、CRP≥79.6 mg/L、PCT≥1.6μg/L、合并糖尿病、合并慢性肾功能不全、手术时间≥90 min及结石大小≥3 cm为URS术后并发发热性UTI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:AGR可有效早期诊断URS术后并发发热性UTI,URS术后并发发热性UTI的独立危险因素较多,临床应引起重视,并根据危险因素进行针对性干预。

三酰甘油葡萄糖指数对2型糖尿病人群蛋白尿发生风险的中介效应

目的探讨三酰甘油葡萄糖(TyG)指数对2型糖尿病人群蛋白尿发生风险的中介效应。方法选取2023年3月至2023年5月于上海市曲阳路街道社区卫生服务中心进行体检的2型糖尿病患者734例,收集其临床资料、生化指标、腹部超声等结果。将所有患者分为正常组、微量蛋白尿组,大量蛋白尿组,并进行糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和体质量指数(BMI)、TyG指数以及有无非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)分层,分析影响2型糖尿病患者蛋白尿的因素,采用多因素logistic回归分析TyG指数、NAFLD对2型糖尿病人群蛋白尿的影响,用回归系数依次检验法分析TyG是否介导NAFLD相关蛋白尿。结果正常组、微量蛋白尿组、大量蛋白尿组的年龄、BMI、尿肌酐、HbA1c、TyG指数等差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);性别在3组间差异无统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析显示,以HbA1c<7%且BMI<24 kg/m2患者为参照,HbA1c≥7%且BMI≥24 kg/m2患者蛋白尿患病风险最高(P=0.022),HbA1c≥7%且BMI<24 kg/m2患者次之(P=0.039)。以TyG指数7.65~8.69患者为参照,9.45~11.90患者蛋白尿风险增加至3.321倍(P<0.001)。中介效应分析显示,TyG可能介导NAFLD相关蛋白尿发生(P<0.001);中介效应占总效应的55.70%。结论TyG指数可能是2型糖尿病人群蛋白尿发生的独立相关因素,HbA1c控制不良且BMI超标者的蛋白尿发生率高;TyG部分介导2型糖尿病人群蛋白尿发生。

2型糖尿病肾病患者尿白蛋白肌酐比与视网膜微循环参数的相关性研究

目的研究2型糖尿病肾病患者尿白蛋白肌酐比(Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio,UACR)和视网膜微循环各项参数的相关性。方法选取2022年3—12月苏州大学附属第三医院及苏州大学附属常州老年病医院收治的95例2型糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象。根据UACR水平分为U1组(UACR<10 mg/g,28例,28眼)、U2组(UACR:10~30 mg/g,46例,46眼)、U3组(UACR:30~300 mg/g,21例,21眼)。利用光学相干断层成像,测量3组患者黄斑中心凹区和旁中心凹区浅层毛细血管丛血流密度(Superficial Capillary Plexus Vessel Den⁃sity,SCP-VD)、深层毛细血管丛血流密度(Deep Capillary Plexus Vessel Density,DCP-VD)、中心凹无血管区(Foveal Avascular Zone,FAZ)面积与周长,观察指标差异,分析指标与UACR相关性。结果3组患者中心凹区SCP-VD、旁中心凹区SCP-VD、中心凹区DCP-VD、旁中心凹区DCP-VD、FAZ面积比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);3组患者FAZ周长比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);UACR与中心凹区SCP-VD、旁中心凹区SCP-VD、中心凹区DCP-VD、旁中心凹区DCP-VD负相关(r=-0.410、-0.689、-0.545、-0.627,P均<0.05),与FAZ面积正相关(r=0.463,P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者UACR与中心凹区SCP-VD、旁中心凹区SCP-VD、中心凹区DCP-VD、旁中心凹区DCP-VD、FAZ面积存在相关性。OCTA视网膜微循环参数可作为糖尿病肾病损害程度的评估指标。