The association of benign prostatic hyperplasia with lower urinary tract stones in adult men: A retrospective multicenter study

Objective:To examine the relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and the presence of lower urinary tract stones.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the records of men with lower urinary tract stones who presented to three clinical centers in Korea over a 4-year period.We divided the patients into two groups based on the location of urinary stones:Group 1(bladder calculi)and Group 2(urethral calculi).We compared the characteristics of both groups and performed univariate and multivariate analyses with a logistic regression model to investigate the relationship between BPH and lower urinary tract stones.Results:Of 221 patients,194(87.8%)had bladder calculi and 27(12.2%)had urethral calculi.The mean age of Group 1 was higher than that of Group 2(68.96
12.11 years vs.55.74
14.20 years,p<0.001).The mean prostate volume of Group 1 was higher than that of Group 2(44.47
27.14 mL vs.24.70
6.41 mL,respectively,p<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression showed that age(OR Z 1.075,95%CI:1.023e1.129)and prostate volume(OR Z 1.069,95%CI:1.017e1.123)were independently associated with increased risk for bladder calculi.Upper urinary tract stones and/or hydronephrosis conferred a 3-fold risk for urethral calculi(OR Z 3.468,95%CI:1.093e10.999).Conclusion:Age and prostate volume are independent risk factors for bladder calculi.In addition,men with upper urinary tract disease are at greater risk for urethral calculi,which may migrate from the upper urinary tract rather than from the bladder.

Association between heat and upper urinary tract stones morbidity and medical costs: A study in the subtropical humid climate zone

Urolithiasis is a heat-specific disease.Exploring heat-related urolithiasis susceptibility subtypes,economic burden,and modifying factors could assist governments in targeting interventions to reduce the heat-related health risks of urolithiasis morbidity.We collected data on 23,492 patients with upper urinary tract stones(main subtypes of urolithiasis)from 2013 to 2017 in Nanjing,China.We adopted generalized additive quasi-Poisson models to examine the associations between daily mean temperatures and morbidity of upper urinary tract stones,while generalized additive Gaussian models were used to explore the relationships between temperatures and log-transformed medical costs.We examined the modification effects of disease subtypes(kidney and ureteral calculus),sex,and age through stratified analyses and the modif-cation effects of other meteorological factors by introducing interaction terms in the models.We found that short-term summer heat exposure has a statistically significant effect on ureteral calculus morbidity but not on kidney calculus morbidity.For ureter calculus,a 1℃ temperature increase was associated with a 4.36%(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.94%,6.83%)increase in daily hospitalization and a 5.44%(95%CI:2.71%,8.25%)increase in daily medical costs.The attributable fraction associated with heat(greater than the median value of daily mean temperature,26.8℃)was 7.85%(95%empirical confidence interval[eCI]:3.64%,11.44%)for hospitalization and 9.36%(95%eCI:4.91%,13.14%)for medical costs.The effects of heat on ureter calculus morbidity were significantly higher among the males and those with high sunshine duration than females and those with low sunshine duration.Short-term summer heat exposure was associated with increased morbidity and medical costs of ureteral calculus.Relevant government organizations should take effective intervention measures,including community health education,to reduce the health hazards and economic losses caused by heat.