Evaluating pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction:Dynamic magnetic resonance urography vs renal scintigraphy 99mtechnetium mercaptoacetyltriglycine

BACKGROUND Ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO)is a common congenital urinary tract disorder in children.It can be diagnosed as early as in utero due to the presence of hydronephrosis or later in life due to symptomatic occurrence.AIM To evaluate the discrepancy between dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance urography(dMRU)and scintigraphy 99m-technetium mercaptoacetyltriglycine(MAG-3)for the functional evaluation of UPJO.METHODS Between 2016 and 2020,126 patients with UPJO underwent surgery at Robert DebréHospital.Of these,83 received a prenatal diagnosis,and 43 were diagnosed during childhood.Four of the 126 patients underwent surgery based on the clinical situation and postnatal ultrasound findings without undergoing functional imaging evaluation.Split renal function was evaluated preoperatively using scintigraphy MAG-3(n=28),dMRU(n=53),or both(n=40).In this study,we included patients who underwent surgery for UPJO and scintigraphy MAG-3+dMRU but excluded those who underwent only scintigraphy MAG-3 or dMRU.The patients were divided into groups A(<10%discrepancy)and B(>10%discrepancy).We examined the discrepancy in split renal function between the two modalities and investigated the possible risk factors.RESULTS The split renal function between the two kidneys was compared in 40 patients(28 boys and 12 girls)using scintigraphy MAG-3 and dMRU.Differential renal function,as determined using both modalities,showed a difference of<10%in 31 children and>10%in 9 children.Calculation of the relative renal function using dMRU revealed an excellent correlation coefficient with renal scintigraphy MAG-3 for both kidneys.CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that dMRU is equivalent to scintigraphy MAG-3 for evaluating split renal function in patients with UPJO.

Effects of Saline Administration, Abdominal Compression, and Prolongation of Acquisition Delay on Image Quality Improvement of CT Urography

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the effects of saline administration following contrast material injection, abdominal compression and two delay phase acquisition on image quality improvement of computed tomographic urography (CTU). Methods Medical records and informed consents of patients were obtained. In totally 122 patients (50 men, 72 women), two delay phase images with CTU were performed. Scans began simultaneously with a contrast bolus injection of 100 mL (300 mgI/mL) followed by a saline bolus injection of 100 mL at a rate of 5 mL/s. Two delay phase images were taken at 400 and 550 seconds for each patient. Examinations were taken by using abdominal compression or not. The distention and opacification of the urinary tract were evaluated by two interpreters together on transverse images and post-processing images. Effects of four techniques (saline administration and abdominal compression, saline administration only, compression only, and neither saline administration nor compression) and two delay phase acquisition on image quality improvement were analysed by using ANOVA and Chi-square test. Results Saline administration improved opacification (P<0.05) and increased overall image quality (P<0.01) of the intrarenal collecting system and proximal ureter. Abdominal compression (P<0.05) and delayed phase image acquisition of 550 seconds (P<0.01) all improved distention of the intrarenal collecting system and proximal ureter but did not improve opacification. No statistically significant effects on the distal ureter were found. However, there were more visualized distal ureteral segments with the longer imaging delay. Conclusion Saline administration, abdominal compression and longer imaging delays are all effective in improving image quality of 64-detector row CTU.

Magnetic Resonance Urography and X-ray Urography Findings of Congenital Megaureter

Objective To observe the imaging findings of congenital megaureter in order to enhance the understanding of this disease. Methods Image data of 5 patients with congenital megaureter and 2 misdiagnosed patients were analyzed, and image findings of congenital megaureter were summarized. Elscint Prestig 2.0T superconductive magnetic resonance urography （MRLI） with conventional sequence （spin-echo, T 1W1560 ms/16 ms; fast spin-echo, T2WI 9600 ms/96 ms） was performed. Raw data were acquired with fast spin-echo sequence from heavy T2-weighted image （9600 ms/120 ms）. Post-processing method of MRH was the maximum in- tensity projection with three-dimensional reconstruction in the workstation. Intravenous pyelography （IVP） was conducted, in which X-ray films were taken 7 minutes, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after injecting contrast agent, except that in 2 patients the films were taken delayed at 60 and 90 minutes. X-ray retrograde pyelography was performed on 2 patients, successful in one but failed in the other. Results The dilated ureter showed hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images in conventional MRI. The mass wall was intact, uniform in thickness, and showing hy- pointensity on Tl-weighted and T2-weighted images. The MRH images showed a retroperitoneal mass appearing as an elongated tubular cystic structure spreading from kidney to bladder. MRLI also revealed dilated calices and renal pelvis, pelviureteric obstruction, and renal duplication. The main signs of congenital megaureter in X-urography was significant dilatation of ureter, or normal renal pelvis with ureter dilatation, hydronephrosis, deformity, and displacement. Conclusions MRH with X-urography could visualize the characteristics of congenital megaureter, including the dilation of renal pelvis and ureter, calculi, urinary tract duplication, and stenosis location. The two techniques can complement each other in disease diagnosis and provide more detailed information for preoperative treatment.

Role of multi- slice CT urography over ultrasonography in patients with hematuria

Objective:Understanding the role of Multi-slice CT Urography(MSCTU)over Ultrasonography(US)in patients presenting with hematuria.Materials and Methods:Retrospective study enrolled 131 patients presenting with hematuria[microscopic hematuria(n=60)]and macroscopic hematuria(n=71)]who have undergone both MSCTU and US of urinary tract system simultaneously.Results of tests were compared with respective surgical and histopathological analysis of lesion.The cases obtained were bladder carcinoma,ureter carcinoma,renal carcinoma,urinary tract calculi and bladder inflammation.PASW-18thstatistical tool was used for obtaining statistical analysis and final interpretation of results.Results:The sensitivity and specificity of MSCTU and US for recognition of lesions presenting with macroscopic hematuria were 95.38%,83.33%and 81.54%,66.67%respectively and for those with microscopic hematuria were 96.08%,88.89%and 86.27%,77.8%respectively.The positive and negative likelihood ratios of MSCTU and US in macroscopic category were 5.73,0.055 and 2.46,0.277 respectively while for those in microscopic category were 8.65,0.044 and 3.88,0.176 respectively.In context to the sensitivity of MSCTU and US in patients presenting with macroscopic hematuriathedifferenceswere significant(McNemar's test,P=0.039)suggesting the tests are not similar whereas for those with microscopic hematuria the differences were not significant(Mc Nemar's test,P=2.68)indicatingsimilarity between these tests.Conclusion:Diagnostic efficacy of MSCTU is found to be far superior over US for patients presenting with macroscopic hematuria,thus current practice of using it as a first line modality seems to be justified.However,for those presenting with microscopic hematuria MSCTU and ultrasonography shows near to similar resultsin accordance to MSCTU,thus US alone seems sufficient to exclude significant urinary tract lesions.

Study of Role of Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU) and Comparison with Conventional Radiology in the Diagnosis of Complex Renal Anomalies: A Tertiary Care Centre Experience

Anatomical renal anomalies are one of the most commonly occurring renal anomalies. Most of these anomalies require series of investigations for the proper diagnosis. We tried to compare the results of conventional radiological investigations with magnetic resonance urography in the diagnosis of complex renal anomalies. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study done over a period of five years from 2006 to 2011. All the patients with suspected or diagnosed presence of renal anomalies were investigated by ultrasound (USG), Intravenous urography (IVU), micturating cystourethrogram (MCU), magnetic resonance urography (MRU), retrograde urethrography, cystogenitoscopy, renal scans as per the indication in the case. Results: Total sixty three patients were studied over the period. The most common complex renal anomaly diagnosed was duplex system and conventional radiological investigations were useful in the diagnosis of less than 50% patients. Female patients outnumbered male patients in having complex renal anomalies. MRU was diagnostic in most of the patients with such anomalies and excellent mode of investigation for functional and anatomical details. Conclusion: MRU is better than conventional radiological investigations in the diagnosis of complex renal anomalies.

Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU) with Intravenous Pyelography (IVP) in Evaluation of Patients with Hydronephrosis on Ultrasonography Due to Pelvi-Ureteric Junction Obstruction

The objective of this study was to compare Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU) with Intravenous Pyelography (IVP) in evaluation of patients with hydronephrosis on ultrasonography. 49 patients of hydronephrosis on USG were enrolled for the study from Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2012. All patients under went Intravenous Urography (IVU). MRU was done to determine the anatomical details and function of each renal unit. MRU was performed on a 1.5 tesla unit (Magneton Avento;Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Static T2-weighted Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU) was performed by using a standard fast spin echo technique. Dynamic study was performed after injecting intravenous diuretic followed by Gadolinium contrast media. Morphological results of MRU were compared with IVU. The anatomical findings were compared with operative findings. Stastical analysis was performed and data expressed as mean ± SD. MRU showed PUJ obstruction in 41 out of 45 patients (91.1%). We concluded that MRU can provide complete diagnostic evaluation of entire urinary tract in a single session and has potential to replace IVP.

对比剂分次团注联合能量成像获得CTU和CTA联合成像的应用研究

目的:探讨对比剂分次团注结合双层探测器光谱CT 50 keV虚拟单能量图像(VMI),在CT泌尿系成像(CTU)与主动脉CTA联合成像中的应用价值。方法:收集2024年3月至4月在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院Philips IQon双层探测器光谱CT行CTU检查患者32例为试验组。使用对比剂分次团注及团注追踪技术;扫描后重建常规120 kVp混合能量图像为A1组;光谱重建获得50 keV VMI为A2组。收集2023年12月至2024年3月间在相同设备行CTU检查患者32例为对照组,使用对比剂分离团注技术及团注追踪技术;扫描后重建常规120 kVp混合能量图像为B组。客观评价包括:比较3组腹主动脉、双侧肾动脉的CT值、对比噪声比(CNR)、信噪比(SNR);比较输尿管起始部平均CT值和中下部平均CT值,并采用Kruskal-Wallis检验,采用Nemenyi检验进行两两比较。试验组与对照组的有效辐射剂量比较采用Wilcoxon检验。主观评价由两名高年资影像医师分别对3组CTA及CTU图像进行4分法和3分法评价,两名医师主观评分的一致性采用Kappa检验。结果:客观评价指标中,A2组分别与A1组和B组比较,均有统计学差异;A1组与B组仅双侧肾动脉SNR有统计学差异。两组有效辐射剂量有统计学差异,试验组较对照组降低15.1%。3组CTA、CTU图像主观评价无统计学差异;两名医师对CTA图像评分结果一致性非常好,对CTU图像评分结果一致性好。结论:利用对比剂分次团注行CTU检查时,获得泌尿系及主动脉同时显影的融合图像,不仅具有明确的解剖关系及相同的图像质量,而且降低有效辐射剂量;光谱重建获得的50 keV虚拟单能量图像,优化CTU及CTA图像质量,具有临床价值。

影响能谱CTU虚拟平扫尿路结石检出的因素分析

目的 基于Logistic回归分析评估影响能谱CT尿路造影(CTU)虚拟平扫图像检出尿路结石的因素。方法 回顾性纳入150例尿路结石并行能谱CTU的患者(记录所用碘对比剂)。将平扫图像重建为120 kVp-like图像,静脉期和排泄期的增强图像采用碘去除技术分别重建为静脉期和排泄期的虚拟平扫图像。2位医师独立评估以上3组图像,并记录3组图像的尿路结石数量、所在解剖位置及虚拟平扫图像是否有碘残留;结石大小和CT值仅在真实平扫图像上测量。结石大小、CT值、结石所在位置和所用碘对比剂纳入Logistic回归分析,用于评估影响虚拟平扫尿路结石检出的因素。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线用于绘制各指标的曲线下面积(AUC)值、诊断灵敏度和特异度及最佳临界值。结果 真实平扫上检出304枚结石,而静脉期和排泄期虚拟平扫结石检出率分别为92.4%和71.4%。结石大小和CT值是影响静脉期和排泄期虚拟平扫结石检出的独立风险因素(P<0.01),结石大小和CT值在静脉期虚拟平扫结石检出的AUC值达0.96以上,诊断临界值分别是3.52 mm和469 HU,而在排泄期虚拟平扫结石检出的结石大小、CT值及解剖位置等指标的综合AUC值降为0.88。排泄期虚拟平扫结石检出率在碘对比剂组间无统计学差异(P=0.57)。另外,排泄期肾盂肾盏处虚拟平扫结石检出率明显降低(P<0.001)。结论 在增强CT的2个扫描期相中,静脉期虚拟平扫结石检出效果更佳。结石大小和CT值是影响虚拟平扫结石检出的重要因素。肾盂肾盏处排泄期虚拟平扫结石检出率低与碘去除效果欠佳相关。

CT尿路成像与超声、静脉肾盂造影在重复肾、重复输尿管畸形的诊断对比

目的探讨CT尿路成像(CTU)、超声和静脉肾盂造影(IVP)在重复肾、重复输尿管畸形诊断中的应用价值。方法对2016年2月至2021年10月海军第九七一医院收治的79例重复肾、重复输尿管畸形患者进行超声、IVP及CTU检查的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果超声、IVP和CTU对重复肾、重复输尿管畸形的诊断符合率分别为64.6%、72.2%、96.2%。CTU检查及影像后处理图像在重复肾、重复输尿管畸形中具有清晰、立体的征象,能够满足诊断需要。结论CTU在检查诊断重复肾、重复输尿管畸形中能够提供全面、准确的临床诊断信息,正确率高于超声和IVP,值得推广应用。

尿路梗阻后自发性肾周尿外渗23例分析

目的探讨尿路梗阻后自发性肾周尿外渗的临床表现和诊治经验,提高对该疾病的认识。方法回顾性分析2018年—2020年长江大学附属第一医院收治的23例尿路梗阻后自发性肾周尿外渗患者的临床资料,对其原发疾病、临床表现、影像学检查、治疗方法及预后进行分析,总结尿路梗阻后自发性肾周尿外渗的诊治要点。结果23例尿路梗阻后自发性肾周尿外渗患者中男性15例、女性8例,平均年龄43.4岁,均通过B超、计算机断层扫描尿路造影、计算机断层扫描等影像学检查确诊。3例输尿管结石患者直接行输尿管镜碎石术,4例患者先行输尿管逆行置管、13例患者先行经皮肾穿刺造瘘术,之后均根据病情行二期手术治疗。3例肿瘤转移患者均首选输尿管逆行置管,2例成功,1例失败改行B超定位下肾穿刺造瘘引流术。结论尿路梗阻后自发性肾周尿外渗行尿路造影检查可明确诊断,可先采用输尿管逆行置管或经皮肾穿刺造瘘再行二期手术治疗尿路梗阻原发病。

不同剂量的多层螺旋CT尿路造影在输尿管结石中的诊断价值

目的:分析不同剂量多层螺旋CT尿路造影(MSCTU)在输尿管结石中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2019年6月至2021年6月我院确诊的91例输尿管结石患者,均接受低剂量和常规剂量MSCTU诊断,以手术病理为金标准,对低剂量和常规剂量MSCTU诊断输尿管结石的诊断效能进行分析,并分析低剂量和常规剂量MSCTU的图像质量和扫描参数。结果:低剂量MSCTU诊断输尿管结石的准确率、灵敏度和漏诊率分别为95.60%(87/91)、95.60%(87/91)和4.40%(4/91),常规剂量MSCTU诊断输尿管结石的准确率、灵敏度和漏诊率分别为97.82%(89/91)、97.82%(89/91)和2.20%(2/91),组间差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.689、0.689、0.689,P=0.406、0.406、0.406,P>0.05);低剂量和常规剂量MSCTU诊断输尿管结石图像质量的优良率分别为87.91%(80/91)和93.41%(85/91),组间差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.622,P=0.203,P>0.05);低剂量MSCTU扫描的CT剂量指数、CT辐射剂量和剂量长度乘积[(34.38±6.18)mGy、(20.46±4.87)mGy和(42.34±8.92)mGy·cm]均小于常规剂量MSCTU扫描[(39.65±7.69)mGy、(29.68±5.24)mGy和(75.39±10.26)mGy·cm],组间差异具有统计学意义(t=5.096、12.295、23.190,P=0.000、0.000、0.000,P<0.05)。结论:在输尿管结石诊断中应用低剂量MSCTU的临床价值良好,诊断效能和图像质量良好,且可有效减轻CT辐射对人体的影响。

深度学习图像重建在虚拟平扫CT尿路成像中的应用价值

目的:探究深度学习图像重建(deep learning image reconstruction, DLIR)在基于能谱CT虚拟平扫(virtual non-contrast scan, VNC)的CT尿路成像(CT urography, CTU)中的图像质量和肾结石测量精度。方法:回顾性分析2022年9月至2023年4月期间于我院行腹盆平扫和CTU的90例患者的临床和影像学资料。所有患者均在常规行腹盆CT平扫后,进行能谱模式的多期CTU扫描。真实平扫采用ASIR-V 70%权重进行重建(TNC-AR70组)。基于基于实质期及排泌期数据分别获得2组VNC图像,再分别结合DLIR中档和高档权重重建得到4组VNC图像,即实质期-VNC-DLIR中档(venous phase-VNC-DLIR medium, VP-VNC-DM)组、实质期-VNC-DLIR高档(venous phaseVNC-DLIR high, VP-VNC-DH)组、排泌期-VNC-DLIR中档(delay phase-VNC-DLIR medium, DP-VNC-DM)组、排泌期-VNC-DLIR高档(delay phase-VNC-DLIR high,DP-VNC-DH)组。记录平扫、实质期及排泌期的辐射剂量。在5组图像上分别测量CT值、噪声(SD)、信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio, SNR)和对比噪声比(contrast-to-noise ratio, CNR),并进行组间比较。由2位资深放射诊断医师,用李克特五级量表法(Likert Scale)计分方法对图像质量和病灶显示度进行主观评价。此外,以TNC作为标准,采用Bland-Altman分析VNC上肾结石的CT值和体积的测量差异。结果:在客观图像质量评价上,VNC-DH组图像质量优于TNC-AR70,且5组图像间的CT值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);DP-VNCDH组的图像噪声最低,SNR、CNR最高。在主观评价方面,DP-VNC-DH组的图像质量评分最高,而VP-VNC-DH组在病灶显示度方面表现最佳。在结石的CT值和体积测量上,4组VNC重建图像与真实平扫之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:在CTU检查中,基于DLIR重建技术的VNC图像质量优于基于ASIR-V 70%重建的真实平扫,推荐结合使用实质期和排泌期的DLIR-H重建VNC图像代替真实平扫,以减少CTU扫描的辐射剂量。

多层螺旋CT泌尿系造影检查在输尿管结石中的临床应用价值

目的:探究多层螺旋CT泌尿系造影检查(Multi-slice spiral CT urography,MSCTU)在输尿管结石中的临床应用价值。方法:选取2020年3月至2022年9月本院收治的61例输尿管结石患者作为研究对象,所有患者均进行静脉尿路造影(Intravenous Pyelogram,IVP)及MSCTU检查。记录并对比两种检查结石数量、大小、肾积水诊断准确率、结石位置诊断准确率和两种检查诊断价值。结果:MSCTU在结石数量、大小及肾积水诊断准确率均明显高于IVP(P<0.05)。MSCTU位置诊断总准确率明显高于IVP诊断总准确率(P<0.05)。MSCTU诊断输尿管结石的灵敏度和特异度均明显高于IVP检查(P<0.05)。结论:MSCTU在对结石数量、大小、位置以及肾积水的诊断准确率均高于IVP,可为临床提高更全面的影像学信息。

泌尿系梗阻性疾病患者采用64排螺旋CT平扫及三维尿路成像技术的价值

目的:探索64排螺旋CT平扫及三维尿路成像技术对泌尿系梗阻性疾病诊断优势。方法:以疑似泌尿系梗阻性疾病患者支撑本次研究,开展各项数据分析,截取时间点为2022年1月-2023年6月,筛选70例,以病理检查作为金标准为后续研究提供参考,对患者开展64排螺旋CT平扫及三维尿路成像技术诊断,观察其诊断结果,分析该技术诊断优势与价值。结果:疑似70例泌尿系梗阻性疾病患者病理诊断检出阳性68例,2例阴性,该结果作为金标准,为后续研究提供参考;64排螺旋CT平扫及三维尿路成像技术检出阳性68例,阴性2例,误诊与漏诊情况存在(1例漏诊、1例误诊),计算指标诊断符合、灵敏度、特异度(分别为97.14%、98.53%、50.00%),相比病理诊断指标无对比性(P>0.05)。诊断结果中,病理诊断检出肿瘤6例(8.82%)、输尿管畸形15例(22.06%)、泌尿系结石28例(41.18%)、尿路狭窄19例(27.94%),检出率100.00%;64排螺旋CT平扫及三维尿路成像技术诊断检出肿瘤6例(8.82%)、输尿管畸形15例(22.06%)、泌尿系结石28例(41.18%)、尿路狭窄18例(26.47%),检出率98.53%,数值无对比差异(P>0.05)。结论:64排螺旋CT平扫及三维尿路成像技术对泌尿系梗阻性疾病具有较高的诊断价值,可以精准地进行病灶观察,减少外界因素对病症产生的影响,提高诊断精准性,有助于患者尽早确诊,对于临床病症诊断具有良好的参考价值。

双重超声造影诊断上尿路梗阻性疾病的方法与价值

目的 建立上尿路梗阻性疾病的双重超声造影新方法,探讨其诊断标准及诊断价值.方法 对147例上尿路梗阻患者进行超声引导下经皮肾盂穿刺引流术,经引流管直接向肾盂内注射造影剂微泡SonoVue溶液,连续观察造影剂强回声从肾盂向输尿管、膀胱运动的过程;同时进行经静脉超声造影检查,观察尿路以及周边结构的微血管灌注状态,即双重超声造影（DCEUS）.并且所有患者在1周内完成磁共振尿路水成像（MRU）、尿路增强CT（CTU）检查.以手术所见和（或）术后病理为金标准,比较DCEUS与MRU诊断上尿路梗阻平面和梗阻程度的准确性,比较DCEUS与CTU诊断上尿路梗阻病因的准确性.结果 （1）DCEUS诊断上尿路梗阻平面的准确率为100％,与MRU（98.0％）对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（2）DCEUS诊断上尿路梗阻程度的准确率为98.6％,优于MRU（89.8％）,两者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;（3）DCEUS诊断上尿路梗阻病因的准确率为93.2％,与CTU（93.9％）对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（4）全部患者穿刺及造影过程中均无并发症,除4例失访外,其余病例经1～6个月彩色多普勒超声随访未见迟发不良反应.结论 双重超声造影是一种安全、高效的超声造影检查过程,对上尿路梗阻性疾病可作出精确的定位和准确的定性诊断,尤其与经皮穿刺肾盂造瘘术结合在一起后更具临床诊治价值.

超声检查和X线尿路造影对输尿管狭窄诊断的临床研究(附98例分析)

目的 :评价超声检查和X线尿路造影在输尿管狭窄中的诊断价值 ,帮助临床医生合理地选择检查方法。方法 :本组 98例输尿管狭窄的患者均作了超声及静脉尿路造影检查 ,36例作了逆行尿路造影。结果 :超声、静脉尿路造影、逆行尿路造影对输尿管狭窄定位诊断的总符合率分别为 6 6 .3%、86 .7%和 94.4%。不同检查方法对不同部位诊断的符合率不同 ,对肾盂输尿管移行区 ,输尿管末端 ,肾盂输尿管移行区～输尿管末端之间诊断符合率超声分别为 83.3%、75 %和33.3% ,静脉尿路造影分别为 79.2 %、95 %和 93.3% ,逆行尿路造影分别为 95 %、75 %和 10 0 %。对输尿管狭窄病因的诊断符合率超声为 42 .9% ,静脉尿路造影为 78.6 % ,逆行尿路造影 94.4%。结论 :尿路造影是诊断输尿管狭窄的可靠方法 ,超声因经济。

比较MSCTU与IVU诊断输尿管病变的价值

目的:比较多层螺旋CT尿路造影(MSCTU)与静脉尿路造影(IVU)诊断输尿管病变的价值。材料和方法:31例患者分别行腹部加压IVU及腹部加压MSCTU。将MSCTU获得的图像传输至独立工作站,并进行三维(3D)、最大密度投影(M IP)、多平面重组(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)等技术处理。结果:MSCTU诊断符合率、肾脏显影率及输尿管梗阻扩张显示率分别比IVU高41.9%、16.1%和6.5%。结论:MSCTU诊断输尿管病变的诊断、判断肾功能和显示输尿管梗阻扩张程度均优于IVU。

MR泌尿系水成像在输尿管梗阻性疾病中的应用价值

目的 评价低场强磁共振泌尿系水成像 (MRU )在输尿管梗阻性疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法 对 2 0例 (其中输尿管肿瘤 11例 ,输尿管结石 5例 ,输尿管炎性纤维性狭窄 4例 )输尿管梗阻性病变患者行MRU检查 ,并与B超、CT、MR平扫结果进行比较。结果 MRU能清晰显示输尿管的梗阻部位 ,定位诊断准确率 10 0 % ,梗阻病因确诊率 90 % ,优于B超和CT检查。结论 MRU对输尿管梗阻性病变的定位、定性诊断准确性高 ,是可以替代创伤性检查的可靠方法 。

尿路梗阻性病变的MRU应用

目的 探讨磁共振尿路造影 (MRU)技术对尿路梗阻性病变的诊断价值。资料与方法 对 46例经B超发现尿路扩张患者采用重T2 WI单次激发快速自旋回波 (SSFSE)序列行MRU检查 ,其中 41例行静脉肾盂造影 (IVP)。结果 46例尿路梗阻性病变包括 :良性狭窄 19例 ,先天性异常 10例 ,输尿管结核 5例 ,输尿管癌 3例 ,外在性病变 4例 ,输尿管结石 4例 ,膀胱病变 1例。MRU均清楚显示尿路影像 ,能确定有无梗阻 ,展示梗阻端的形态和特征 ,对梗阻水平的定位及梗阻原因的定性均有较高的准确性 ,明显优于IVP检查。结论 MRU是安全、有效的非侵袭性影像检查方法 ,特别适用于IVP禁忌症和肾功能丧失者。可多方位、多角度成像 ,结合常规T1WI、T2 WI可获得可疑部位的大量信息 ,以达到明确诊断目的。

静脉肾盂造影、CT尿路造影及磁共振尿路成像在诊断泌尿系统结石中的价值

目的:泌尿系统结石是急腹症最常见疾病之一,目前,影像学检查方法很多,文中就静脉肾盂造影(IVP)、CT尿路造影(CTU)、磁共振尿路成像(MRU)检查技术的异同点以及在泌尿系统结石中的应用价值进行探讨。方法:100例尿路结石患者(经手术证实)其中80例实施IVP检查,60例实施CTU检查,35例实施MRU检查。100例中,25例患者均实施了IVP检查、CTU检查、MRU检查。CTU采用的重建技术主要包括多层面重组、曲面重组、容积再现和最大密度投影;MRU主要采用最大密度投影。结果:经IVP检查的80例患者中能够明确诊断的共有73例,诊断率为91.3%;所有经CT检查的60例患者,其中59例患者的结石能够确诊,图像直观,结石定位准确,诊断率为98.3%;MRU检查的35例患者结石共检出20例,诊断率为57.1%,图像能够显示结石部位低信号影、充盈缺损以及肾盂肾盏输尿管的积水情况。结论:IVP检查方法比较简便,患者易于接受,对结石具有较高的检出率;CTU具有图像质量好,对结石的检出率高,结合横断面图像,诊断率可达到98%以上;MRU对结石的显示不如CTU、IVP敏感,但是作为一种非侵袭性、无需造影剂的方法,对结石的诊断也起到十分重要的作用。