This paper discusses the innovative ways of history teaching in depth from the unique perspective of art.By analyzing how artistic elements can effectively enrich teaching means and contents,it reveals the important v...This paper discusses the innovative ways of history teaching in depth from the unique perspective of art.By analyzing how artistic elements can effectively enrich teaching means and contents,it reveals the important value of art in history teaching for the improvement of students’comprehensive literacy and further explores the role of art in promoting the modern transformation of history education.At the same time,the article also focuses on the challenges faced in practice,such as the lack of artistic qualities among teachers,the difficulties in integrating art and history,and the differences in students’acceptance.To cope with these challenges,the article proposes specific implementation strategies,including the integration of diversified art resources,innovative teaching methods and approaches,and the construction of a scientific and reasonable evaluation mechanism,aiming to comprehensively optimize the effectiveness of history teaching and further stimulate students’potential for all-round development.展开更多
Manure management is an essential component of dairy production. Nutrient-laden, field-applied dairy manure often serves as a fertilizer source, but can also pose environmental threats if not properly managed. The Haa...Manure management is an essential component of dairy production. Nutrient-laden, field-applied dairy manure often serves as a fertilizer source, but can also pose environmental threats if not properly managed. The Haak dairy farm, located in Decatur, Arkansas, was granted a permit by the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) to employ a unique method in treating and storing cattle manure generated during the milking process. This method includes minimizing water use in wash water, dry scraping solids to combine with sawdust for composting and pumping effluent underground into a sloped concrete basin that serves as secondary solid separator before transporting the manure effluent into an interception trench and an adjacent grassed field to facilitate manure nutrient uptake and retention. The Arkansas Discovery Farm program (ADF) is conducting research to evaluate the environmental performance of the dairy’s milk center wash water treatment system (MCWW) by statistical analysis, characterization of phosphorus (P) migration in soil downslope from the inception trench, temperature measurements, and nutrient analysis of a stored dry stack manure/sawdust mixture. Goals included determining possible composting effectiveness along with comparisons to untreated dairy manure and quantifying the use of on-farm water. Results from this research demonstrated that: 1) The MCWW was effective at retaining manure-derived nutrients and reducing field nutrient migration as the MCWW interception trench had significantly higher total nitrogen (TN) (804.2 to 4.1), total phosphorus (TP) (135.6 to 1.5), and water extractable phosphorus (WEP) (55.0 to 1.0) concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg⋅L<sup>-1</sup>) than the downhill freshwater pond respectively;2) temperature readings of the manure dry stack indicated heightened levels of microbial and thermal activity, but did not reach a standard composting temperature of 54°C;3) manure dry stack nutrient content was typically higher than untreated dairy manure when measured on a “dry basis” in ppm, but was lower on an “as is basis” in ppm and kg/metric ton;and 4) water meter readings showed that the greatest use of on-farm water was for farm-wide cattle drinking (18.77), followed by water used in the milking center (3.45) and then followed by human usage (0.02) measured in cubic meters per day (m<sup>3</sup>⋅d<sup>-1</sup>). These results demonstrate that practical innovations in agricultural engineering and environmental science, such as the Haak dairy’s manure treatment system, can effectively reduce environmental hazards that accompany the management of manure at this dairy operation.展开更多
This study investigates how financial literacy and behavioral traits affect the adoption of electronic payment(ePayment)services in Japan.We construct a financial literacy index using a representative sample of 25,000...This study investigates how financial literacy and behavioral traits affect the adoption of electronic payment(ePayment)services in Japan.We construct a financial literacy index using a representative sample of 25,000 individuals from the Bank of Japan’s 2019 Financial Literacy Survey.We then analyze the relationship between this index and the extensive and intensive usage of two types of payment services:electronic money(e-money)and mobile payment apps.Using an instrumental variable approach,we find that higher financial literacy is positively associated with a higher likelihood of adopting ePayment services.The empirical results suggest that individuals with higher financial literacy use payment services more frequently.We also find that risk-averse people are less likely to adopt and use ePayment services,whereas people with herd behavior tend to adopt and use ePayment services more.Our empirical results also suggest that the effects of financial literacy on the adoption and use of ePayment differ among people with different behavioral traits.展开更多
Culture and art had always been the main field of western cognition of China.Since the middle and late 18th century,as Chinese civilization was on a downward trajectory,the image of oriental civilization with a long h...Culture and art had always been the main field of western cognition of China.Since the middle and late 18th century,as Chinese civilization was on a downward trajectory,the image of oriental civilization with a long history,prosperity,inclusiveness and harmony gradually disappeared,and“ancient”and“decline”became the main keywords to describe Chinese culture and art by western peregrinators.展开更多
This work;It was made to determine the positive and negative usage information, attitudes and behaviors of social networking networks for users. Today, it is well known how the wide social effects of social networking...This work;It was made to determine the positive and negative usage information, attitudes and behaviors of social networking networks for users. Today, it is well known how the wide social effects of social networking sites are widespread and effective. As far as it can be followed from written and visual media, it causes significant damages for attitudes and behaviors for individuals. Looking at the results of the study, it seems impossible to limit the time and necessity of these networks for people, but it is understood that people force their limits and capacity. It was determined that the general acceptance and rejection areas are mixed and the dominant distinctive effects were weakened. Unable to prevent social dissolution and deterioration was realized by these social networks of networks. However, we cannot only talk about negative effects because their positive effects should be mentioned. Data were obtained in this direction. For example, some segments encourage the users of these sites to have more freedom, to develop democracy and human rights awareness. However, the real problem is when and where to stand. This study;Social networking networks use information, attitudes and behaviors;It was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the use of nicknames and networks for the use of networks. The data of the study were obtained by the application of a questionnaire and the data obtained were analyzed with appropriate statistical analysis methods. In the first part of the study, field study/operational concept scanning is performed and theoretical information is included. In the second part, the purpose of the study, the problem status, the importance of the study, limitations, assumptions, problem question, research method, research universe and sample are specified and informed. In the third section, the data obtained using appropriate statistical methods are analyzed. In the last section, some important suggestions and comments are made in the light of the data obtained.展开更多
In recent years,deep generative models have been successfully applied to perform artistic painting style transfer(APST).The difficulties might lie in the loss of reconstructing spatial details and the inefficiency of ...In recent years,deep generative models have been successfully applied to perform artistic painting style transfer(APST).The difficulties might lie in the loss of reconstructing spatial details and the inefficiency of model convergence caused by the irreversible en-decoder methodology of the existing models.Aiming to this,this paper proposes a Flow-based architecture with both the en-decoder sharing a reversible network configuration.The proposed APST-Flow can efficiently reduce model uncertainty via a compact analysis-synthesis methodology,thereby the generalization performance and the convergence stability are improved.For the generator,a Flow-based network using Wavelet additive coupling(WAC)layers is implemented to extract multi-scale content features.Also,a style checker is used to enhance the global style consistency by minimizing the error between the reconstructed and the input images.To enhance the generated salient details,a loss of adaptive stroke edge is applied in both the global and local model training.The experimental results show that the proposed method improves PSNR by 5%,SSIM by 6.2%,and decreases Style Error by 29.4%over the existing models on the ChipPhi set.The competitive results verify that APST-Flow achieves high-quality generation with less content deviation and enhanced generalization,thereby can be further applied to more APST scenes.展开更多
This paper stems from an artistic experiment,in which a distinguished violinist received completely different prices for performing in varying locations.This may be due to the difference in the performance locations,a...This paper stems from an artistic experiment,in which a distinguished violinist received completely different prices for performing in varying locations.This may be due to the difference in the performance locations,and the value of art in the heart of the audience.展开更多
Codon usage in chloroplast genome of six seed plants (Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus alba, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Pinus koraiensis and Cycas taitungensis) was analyzed to find general patterns of codon usage in...Codon usage in chloroplast genome of six seed plants (Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus alba, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Pinus koraiensis and Cycas taitungensis) was analyzed to find general patterns of codon usage in chloroplast genomes of seed plants. The results show that chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants had similar codon usage patterns, with a strong bias towards a high representation of NNA and NNT codons. In chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants, the effective number of codons (ENC) for most genes was similar to that of the expected ENC based on the GC content at the third codon position, but several genes with low ENC values were laying below the expected curve. All of these data indicate that codon usage was dominated by a mutational bias in chloroplast genomes of seed plants and that selection appeared to be limited to a subset of genes and to only subtly affect codon usage. Meantime, four, six, eight, nine, ten and 12 codons were defined as the optimal codons in chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants.展开更多
Apple(Malus×domestica) has been proposed as an important woody plant and the major cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. Apple whole genome sequencing has been completed, which provided an excellent oppo...Apple(Malus×domestica) has been proposed as an important woody plant and the major cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. Apple whole genome sequencing has been completed, which provided an excellent opportunity for genome-wide analysis of the synonymous codon usage patterns. In this study, a multivariate bioinformatics analysis was performed to reveal the characteristics of synonymous codon usage and the main factors affecting codon bias in apple. The neutrality, correspondence, and correlation analyses were performed by Codon W and SPSS(Statistical Product and Service Solutions) programs, indicating that the apple genome codon usage patterns were affected by mutational pressure and selective constraint. Meanwhile, coding sequence length and the hydrophobicity of proteins could also influence the codon usage patterns. In short, codon usage pattern analysis and determination of optimal codons has laid an important theoretical basis for genetic engineering, gene prediction and molecular evolution studies in apple.展开更多
Synonymous codon usage pattern presumably reflects gene expression optimization as a result of molecular evolution. Though much attention has been paid to various model organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes...Synonymous codon usage pattern presumably reflects gene expression optimization as a result of molecular evolution. Though much attention has been paid to various model organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, codon usage has yet been extensively investigated for model legume Medicago truncatula. In present study, 39 531 available coding sequences (CDSs) from M. truncatula were examined for codon usage bias (CUB). Based on analyses including neutrality plots, effective number of codons plots, and correlations between optimal codons frequency and codon adaptation index, we conclude that natural selection is a major driving force in M. truncatula CUB. We have identified 30 optimal codons encoding 18 amino acids based on relative synonymous codon usage. These optimal codons characteristically end with A or T, except for AGG and TTG encoding arginine and leucine respectively. Optimal codon usage is positively correlated with the GC content at three nucleotide positions of codons and the GC content of CDSs. The abundance of expressed sequence tag is a proxy for gene expression intensity in the legume, but has no relatedness with either CDS length or GC content. Collectively, we unravel the synonymous codon usage pattern in M. truncatula, which may serve as the valuable information on genetic engineering of the model legume and forage crop.展开更多
[Objective] The objective of this study was to understand the codon usage bias pattern of banana pathogenesis-related 17 gene, Basic Secretory Protease gene(MaBSP). [Method] Relative codon usage patterns of MaBSP were...[Objective] The objective of this study was to understand the codon usage bias pattern of banana pathogenesis-related 17 gene, Basic Secretory Protease gene(MaBSP). [Method] Relative codon usage patterns of MaBSP were calculated using the software CodonW version 1.4.2. and the web-based tool(http://kazusa.or.jp/codon/).[Result] Our findings showed that C-ended and G-ended codons were the most preferential except the TER codon UGA which was coded for by just one codon. The ENc value, relationship between AT bias and GC bias, Random synonymous codon usage(RSCU) and CAI all showed that codon bias usage existed in MaBSP gene.[Conclusion] The codon usage patterns of MaBSP gene is principally influenced by natural selection in the third position. However, other multiple factors also influence this pattern.展开更多
Codon usage bias(CUB) is a unique property of genome which refers to non-random usage of synonymous codons in coding sequences. The present study makes an attempt to find out the pattern of CUB in chloroplast(cp) gene...Codon usage bias(CUB) is a unique property of genome which refers to non-random usage of synonymous codons in coding sequences. The present study makes an attempt to find out the pattern of CUB in chloroplast(cp) genes among three tea species, i.e., Camellia sinensis var. assamica(Assam tea), Camellia sinensis var. sinensis(Chinese tea) and Camellia pubicosta(wild tea species) as no work on CUB was reported earlier. To understand the patterns of codon usage among the cp genes of three tea groups, we used bioinformatic tools to investigate the protein coding sequences of cp genes. In our present study, the mean nucleobase T was the highest whereas C was the lowest in all the three tea groups. The overall AT content was more than GC content, i.e., genes were AT rich. The scaled chi-square(SCS) value indicated that the CUB of cp genes was low. The codon CGT(Arg) was over-represented in C. sinensis var. sinensis whereas GGA(Pro) was over-represented in C. pubicosta species. Heatmap study revealed that most of the GC ending codons showed positive correlations between codon usage and GC3 while AT ending codons exhibited negative correlations. From neutrality plot analysis, it was evident that natural selection had played a major role, while mutation pressure exerted a minor effect in the CUB of cp genes in three tea groups. Highly significant(P<0.01) positive correlation was found between SCS and synonymous codon usage order(SCUO) of cp genes which suggested that high expression of cp genes was associated with high degree of CUB.展开更多
An integrated energy service company in an industrial park or commercial building is responsible for managing all energy sources in their local region, including electricity, water, gas, heating, and cooling. To reduc...An integrated energy service company in an industrial park or commercial building is responsible for managing all energy sources in their local region, including electricity, water, gas, heating, and cooling. To reduce energy wastage and increase energy utilization, it is necessary to perform efficiency analyses and diagnoses on integrated energy systems(IESs). However, the integrated energy data necessary for energy efficiency analyses and diagnoses come from a wide variety of instruments, each of which uses different transmission protocols and data formats. This makes it challenging to handle energy-flow data in a unified manner. Thus, we have constructed a unified model for diagnosing energy usage abnormalities in IESs. Using this model, the data are divided into working days and non-working days, and benchmark values are calculated after the data have been weighted to enable unified analysis of several types of energy data. The energy-flow data may then be observed, managed, and compared in all aspects to monitor sudden changes in energy usage and energy wastage. The abnormal data identified and selected by the unified model are then subjected to big-data analysis using technical management tools, enabling the detection of user problems such as abnormalities pertaining to acquisition device, metering, and energy usage. This model facilitates accurate metering of energy data and improves energy efficiency. The study has significant implications in terms of fulfilling the energy saving.展开更多
Future or smart community, which mainly refers to the development of community information and communication technology(ICT) platforms or devices, has received considerable attention from urban governments and scholar...Future or smart community, which mainly refers to the development of community information and communication technology(ICT) platforms or devices, has received considerable attention from urban governments and scholars. However, only a few studies have been conducted to test the actual effects of using these community ICT platforms or devices on the community satisfaction of residents. Therefore, the present study conducts a survey in 40 communities in Nanjing, China and uses a mixed linear regression model to determine the relationship between community ICT usage and community satisfaction. Results indicate that residents with high-level community ICT usage are more satisfied with their community than those with low-level community ICT usage. Moreover, evident differences are observed regarding the influence of new commodity, old commodity and affordable housing communities in Nanjing. These findings are meaningful for the construction and development of future communities.展开更多
Species diversity and ethno-medicinal usage of 39 species of invasive plants were explored in and around two protected areas, Khadimnagar National Park (KNP) and Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctu- ary (RKWS), of northe...Species diversity and ethno-medicinal usage of 39 species of invasive plants were explored in and around two protected areas, Khadimnagar National Park (KNP) and Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctu- ary (RKWS), of northeastern Bangladesh,. Status of invasive plants were investigated in 60 sample plots with 5 different habitat types, including forest, roadside, homestead, fallow land and others (ponds, canals, water logged areas, agricultural land, etc.). Data about the usage of invasive plants in traditional health care were collected through interviewing 110 households. Among the five habitat types, fallow land (28 species).possessed the highest number of species, followed by roadside (25 species), forest (23 species), homestead (22 species) and others (13 species). Based on the survey, invasive plants of study areas were also categorized into five degrees of invasiveness e.g., naturalized, introduced, possibly invasive, moderately invasive and highly invasive. Additionally, there is the linear trend between degrees of invasivaness and use percentage of invasive plants. Total 39 species of invasive plants belonging to 29 families were recorded, which are generally used to treat 37 diseases, ranging from simple headache to highly complicated eye and heart diseases. The majority of the species used by the local inhabitants were herbs (16 species), followed by some shrubs (11 species), climbers (5 species), trees (5 species) and grasses (2 species). The use percentage of aboveground plant parts were higher (70.58%) than that of underground plant parts (16.18%).展开更多
Codon usage bias varies considerably among genomes and even within the genes of the same genome. In eukaryotic organisms, energy production in the form of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the only process under...Codon usage bias varies considerably among genomes and even within the genes of the same genome. In eukaryotic organisms, energy production in the form of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the only process under control of both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Although factors affecting codon usage in a single genome have been studied, this has not occurred when both interactional genomes are involved. Consequently, we investigated whether or not other factors influence codon usage of coevolved genes. We used Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. Our χ^2 test on the number of codons of nuclear and mitochondrial genes involved in the OXPHOS system was significantly different (χ^2= 7945.16, P 〈 0.01). A plot of effective number of codons against GC3s content of nuclear genes showed that few genes lie on the expected curve, indicating that codon usage was random. Correspondence analysis indicated a significant correlation between axis 1 and codon adaptation index (R = 0.947, P 〈 0.01) in every nuclear gene sequence. Thus, codon usage bias of nuclear genes appeared to be affected by translational selection. Correlation between axis 1 coordinates and GC content (R = 0.814, P 〈 0.01) indicated that the codon usage of nuclear genes was also affected by GC composition. Analysis of mitochondrial genes did not reveal a significant correlation between axis 1 and any parameter. Statistical analyses indicated that codon usages of both nDNA and mtDNA were subjected to context-dependent mutations.展开更多
Improvement on mining the frequently visited groups of web pages was studied. First, in the data preprocessing phrase, we introduce an extra frame filtering step that reduces the negative influence of frame pages on t...Improvement on mining the frequently visited groups of web pages was studied. First, in the data preprocessing phrase, we introduce an extra frame filtering step that reduces the negative influence of frame pages on the result page groups. Through recognizing the frame pages in the site documents and constructing the frame subframe relation set, the subframe pages that influence the final mining result can be efficiently filtered. Second, we enhance the mining algorithm with the consideration of both the site topology and the content of the web pages. By the introduction of the normalized content link ratio of the web page and the group interlink degree of the page group, the enhanced algorithm concentrates more on the content pages that are less interlinked together. The experiments show that the new approach can effectively reveal more interesting page groups, which would not be found without these enhancements.展开更多
文摘This paper discusses the innovative ways of history teaching in depth from the unique perspective of art.By analyzing how artistic elements can effectively enrich teaching means and contents,it reveals the important value of art in history teaching for the improvement of students’comprehensive literacy and further explores the role of art in promoting the modern transformation of history education.At the same time,the article also focuses on the challenges faced in practice,such as the lack of artistic qualities among teachers,the difficulties in integrating art and history,and the differences in students’acceptance.To cope with these challenges,the article proposes specific implementation strategies,including the integration of diversified art resources,innovative teaching methods and approaches,and the construction of a scientific and reasonable evaluation mechanism,aiming to comprehensively optimize the effectiveness of history teaching and further stimulate students’potential for all-round development.
文摘Manure management is an essential component of dairy production. Nutrient-laden, field-applied dairy manure often serves as a fertilizer source, but can also pose environmental threats if not properly managed. The Haak dairy farm, located in Decatur, Arkansas, was granted a permit by the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) to employ a unique method in treating and storing cattle manure generated during the milking process. This method includes minimizing water use in wash water, dry scraping solids to combine with sawdust for composting and pumping effluent underground into a sloped concrete basin that serves as secondary solid separator before transporting the manure effluent into an interception trench and an adjacent grassed field to facilitate manure nutrient uptake and retention. The Arkansas Discovery Farm program (ADF) is conducting research to evaluate the environmental performance of the dairy’s milk center wash water treatment system (MCWW) by statistical analysis, characterization of phosphorus (P) migration in soil downslope from the inception trench, temperature measurements, and nutrient analysis of a stored dry stack manure/sawdust mixture. Goals included determining possible composting effectiveness along with comparisons to untreated dairy manure and quantifying the use of on-farm water. Results from this research demonstrated that: 1) The MCWW was effective at retaining manure-derived nutrients and reducing field nutrient migration as the MCWW interception trench had significantly higher total nitrogen (TN) (804.2 to 4.1), total phosphorus (TP) (135.6 to 1.5), and water extractable phosphorus (WEP) (55.0 to 1.0) concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg⋅L<sup>-1</sup>) than the downhill freshwater pond respectively;2) temperature readings of the manure dry stack indicated heightened levels of microbial and thermal activity, but did not reach a standard composting temperature of 54°C;3) manure dry stack nutrient content was typically higher than untreated dairy manure when measured on a “dry basis” in ppm, but was lower on an “as is basis” in ppm and kg/metric ton;and 4) water meter readings showed that the greatest use of on-farm water was for farm-wide cattle drinking (18.77), followed by water used in the milking center (3.45) and then followed by human usage (0.02) measured in cubic meters per day (m<sup>3</sup>⋅d<sup>-1</sup>). These results demonstrate that practical innovations in agricultural engineering and environmental science, such as the Haak dairy’s manure treatment system, can effectively reduce environmental hazards that accompany the management of manure at this dairy operation.
基金National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(No.502.01-2020.308).
文摘This study investigates how financial literacy and behavioral traits affect the adoption of electronic payment(ePayment)services in Japan.We construct a financial literacy index using a representative sample of 25,000 individuals from the Bank of Japan’s 2019 Financial Literacy Survey.We then analyze the relationship between this index and the extensive and intensive usage of two types of payment services:electronic money(e-money)and mobile payment apps.Using an instrumental variable approach,we find that higher financial literacy is positively associated with a higher likelihood of adopting ePayment services.The empirical results suggest that individuals with higher financial literacy use payment services more frequently.We also find that risk-averse people are less likely to adopt and use ePayment services,whereas people with herd behavior tend to adopt and use ePayment services more.Our empirical results also suggest that the effects of financial literacy on the adoption and use of ePayment differ among people with different behavioral traits.
基金Sponsored by“Twelfth Five-year Plan”Program of Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD15XLS07)Science and Technology Innovation Research Team Program of Zhaoqing University(2021)Tourism Management Key Discipline Construction Program of Zhaoqing University(2022).
文摘Culture and art had always been the main field of western cognition of China.Since the middle and late 18th century,as Chinese civilization was on a downward trajectory,the image of oriental civilization with a long history,prosperity,inclusiveness and harmony gradually disappeared,and“ancient”and“decline”became the main keywords to describe Chinese culture and art by western peregrinators.
文摘This work;It was made to determine the positive and negative usage information, attitudes and behaviors of social networking networks for users. Today, it is well known how the wide social effects of social networking sites are widespread and effective. As far as it can be followed from written and visual media, it causes significant damages for attitudes and behaviors for individuals. Looking at the results of the study, it seems impossible to limit the time and necessity of these networks for people, but it is understood that people force their limits and capacity. It was determined that the general acceptance and rejection areas are mixed and the dominant distinctive effects were weakened. Unable to prevent social dissolution and deterioration was realized by these social networks of networks. However, we cannot only talk about negative effects because their positive effects should be mentioned. Data were obtained in this direction. For example, some segments encourage the users of these sites to have more freedom, to develop democracy and human rights awareness. However, the real problem is when and where to stand. This study;Social networking networks use information, attitudes and behaviors;It was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the use of nicknames and networks for the use of networks. The data of the study were obtained by the application of a questionnaire and the data obtained were analyzed with appropriate statistical analysis methods. In the first part of the study, field study/operational concept scanning is performed and theoretical information is included. In the second part, the purpose of the study, the problem status, the importance of the study, limitations, assumptions, problem question, research method, research universe and sample are specified and informed. In the third section, the data obtained using appropriate statistical methods are analyzed. In the last section, some important suggestions and comments are made in the light of the data obtained.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(62062048).
文摘In recent years,deep generative models have been successfully applied to perform artistic painting style transfer(APST).The difficulties might lie in the loss of reconstructing spatial details and the inefficiency of model convergence caused by the irreversible en-decoder methodology of the existing models.Aiming to this,this paper proposes a Flow-based architecture with both the en-decoder sharing a reversible network configuration.The proposed APST-Flow can efficiently reduce model uncertainty via a compact analysis-synthesis methodology,thereby the generalization performance and the convergence stability are improved.For the generator,a Flow-based network using Wavelet additive coupling(WAC)layers is implemented to extract multi-scale content features.Also,a style checker is used to enhance the global style consistency by minimizing the error between the reconstructed and the input images.To enhance the generated salient details,a loss of adaptive stroke edge is applied in both the global and local model training.The experimental results show that the proposed method improves PSNR by 5%,SSIM by 6.2%,and decreases Style Error by 29.4%over the existing models on the ChipPhi set.The competitive results verify that APST-Flow achieves high-quality generation with less content deviation and enhanced generalization,thereby can be further applied to more APST scenes.
文摘This paper stems from an artistic experiment,in which a distinguished violinist received completely different prices for performing in varying locations.This may be due to the difference in the performance locations,and the value of art in the heart of the audience.
基金supported in part by the Hi-Tech Re-search and Development Program of China ("863" Program) (No. 2007AA02Z329)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20060213024)
文摘Codon usage in chloroplast genome of six seed plants (Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus alba, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Pinus koraiensis and Cycas taitungensis) was analyzed to find general patterns of codon usage in chloroplast genomes of seed plants. The results show that chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants had similar codon usage patterns, with a strong bias towards a high representation of NNA and NNT codons. In chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants, the effective number of codons (ENC) for most genes was similar to that of the expected ENC based on the GC content at the third codon position, but several genes with low ENC values were laying below the expected curve. All of these data indicate that codon usage was dominated by a mutational bias in chloroplast genomes of seed plants and that selection appeared to be limited to a subset of genes and to only subtly affect codon usage. Meantime, four, six, eight, nine, ten and 12 codons were defined as the optimal codons in chloroplast genomes of the six seed plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401822)
文摘Apple(Malus×domestica) has been proposed as an important woody plant and the major cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. Apple whole genome sequencing has been completed, which provided an excellent opportunity for genome-wide analysis of the synonymous codon usage patterns. In this study, a multivariate bioinformatics analysis was performed to reveal the characteristics of synonymous codon usage and the main factors affecting codon bias in apple. The neutrality, correspondence, and correlation analyses were performed by Codon W and SPSS(Statistical Product and Service Solutions) programs, indicating that the apple genome codon usage patterns were affected by mutational pressure and selective constraint. Meanwhile, coding sequence length and the hydrophobicity of proteins could also influence the codon usage patterns. In short, codon usage pattern analysis and determination of optimal codons has laid an important theoretical basis for genetic engineering, gene prediction and molecular evolution studies in apple.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB138702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31502001)
文摘Synonymous codon usage pattern presumably reflects gene expression optimization as a result of molecular evolution. Though much attention has been paid to various model organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, codon usage has yet been extensively investigated for model legume Medicago truncatula. In present study, 39 531 available coding sequences (CDSs) from M. truncatula were examined for codon usage bias (CUB). Based on analyses including neutrality plots, effective number of codons plots, and correlations between optimal codons frequency and codon adaptation index, we conclude that natural selection is a major driving force in M. truncatula CUB. We have identified 30 optimal codons encoding 18 amino acids based on relative synonymous codon usage. These optimal codons characteristically end with A or T, except for AGG and TTG encoding arginine and leucine respectively. Optimal codon usage is positively correlated with the GC content at three nucleotide positions of codons and the GC content of CDSs. The abundance of expressed sequence tag is a proxy for gene expression intensity in the legume, but has no relatedness with either CDS length or GC content. Collectively, we unravel the synonymous codon usage pattern in M. truncatula, which may serve as the valuable information on genetic engineering of the model legume and forage crop.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-31-15)Construction of Plateau Discipline of Fujian Province(102/71201801101)
文摘[Objective] The objective of this study was to understand the codon usage bias pattern of banana pathogenesis-related 17 gene, Basic Secretory Protease gene(MaBSP). [Method] Relative codon usage patterns of MaBSP were calculated using the software CodonW version 1.4.2. and the web-based tool(http://kazusa.or.jp/codon/).[Result] Our findings showed that C-ended and G-ended codons were the most preferential except the TER codon UGA which was coded for by just one codon. The ENc value, relationship between AT bias and GC bias, Random synonymous codon usage(RSCU) and CAI all showed that codon bias usage existed in MaBSP gene.[Conclusion] The codon usage patterns of MaBSP gene is principally influenced by natural selection in the third position. However, other multiple factors also influence this pattern.
文摘Codon usage bias(CUB) is a unique property of genome which refers to non-random usage of synonymous codons in coding sequences. The present study makes an attempt to find out the pattern of CUB in chloroplast(cp) genes among three tea species, i.e., Camellia sinensis var. assamica(Assam tea), Camellia sinensis var. sinensis(Chinese tea) and Camellia pubicosta(wild tea species) as no work on CUB was reported earlier. To understand the patterns of codon usage among the cp genes of three tea groups, we used bioinformatic tools to investigate the protein coding sequences of cp genes. In our present study, the mean nucleobase T was the highest whereas C was the lowest in all the three tea groups. The overall AT content was more than GC content, i.e., genes were AT rich. The scaled chi-square(SCS) value indicated that the CUB of cp genes was low. The codon CGT(Arg) was over-represented in C. sinensis var. sinensis whereas GGA(Pro) was over-represented in C. pubicosta species. Heatmap study revealed that most of the GC ending codons showed positive correlations between codon usage and GC3 while AT ending codons exhibited negative correlations. From neutrality plot analysis, it was evident that natural selection had played a major role, while mutation pressure exerted a minor effect in the CUB of cp genes in three tea groups. Highly significant(P<0.01) positive correlation was found between SCS and synonymous codon usage order(SCUO) of cp genes which suggested that high expression of cp genes was associated with high degree of CUB.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFB903304)the State Grid Science and Technology Program (Hybrid Simnlation Key Technology for Integrated Energy System and Platform Construction)
文摘An integrated energy service company in an industrial park or commercial building is responsible for managing all energy sources in their local region, including electricity, water, gas, heating, and cooling. To reduce energy wastage and increase energy utilization, it is necessary to perform efficiency analyses and diagnoses on integrated energy systems(IESs). However, the integrated energy data necessary for energy efficiency analyses and diagnoses come from a wide variety of instruments, each of which uses different transmission protocols and data formats. This makes it challenging to handle energy-flow data in a unified manner. Thus, we have constructed a unified model for diagnosing energy usage abnormalities in IESs. Using this model, the data are divided into working days and non-working days, and benchmark values are calculated after the data have been weighted to enable unified analysis of several types of energy data. The energy-flow data may then be observed, managed, and compared in all aspects to monitor sudden changes in energy usage and energy wastage. The abnormal data identified and selected by the unified model are then subjected to big-data analysis using technical management tools, enabling the detection of user problems such as abnormalities pertaining to acquisition device, metering, and energy usage. This model facilitates accurate metering of energy data and improves energy efficiency. The study has significant implications in terms of fulfilling the energy saving.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571146)National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China(No.51708276)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2017M611781)
文摘Future or smart community, which mainly refers to the development of community information and communication technology(ICT) platforms or devices, has received considerable attention from urban governments and scholars. However, only a few studies have been conducted to test the actual effects of using these community ICT platforms or devices on the community satisfaction of residents. Therefore, the present study conducts a survey in 40 communities in Nanjing, China and uses a mixed linear regression model to determine the relationship between community ICT usage and community satisfaction. Results indicate that residents with high-level community ICT usage are more satisfied with their community than those with low-level community ICT usage. Moreover, evident differences are observed regarding the influence of new commodity, old commodity and affordable housing communities in Nanjing. These findings are meaningful for the construction and development of future communities.
文摘Species diversity and ethno-medicinal usage of 39 species of invasive plants were explored in and around two protected areas, Khadimnagar National Park (KNP) and Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctu- ary (RKWS), of northeastern Bangladesh,. Status of invasive plants were investigated in 60 sample plots with 5 different habitat types, including forest, roadside, homestead, fallow land and others (ponds, canals, water logged areas, agricultural land, etc.). Data about the usage of invasive plants in traditional health care were collected through interviewing 110 households. Among the five habitat types, fallow land (28 species).possessed the highest number of species, followed by roadside (25 species), forest (23 species), homestead (22 species) and others (13 species). Based on the survey, invasive plants of study areas were also categorized into five degrees of invasiveness e.g., naturalized, introduced, possibly invasive, moderately invasive and highly invasive. Additionally, there is the linear trend between degrees of invasivaness and use percentage of invasive plants. Total 39 species of invasive plants belonging to 29 families were recorded, which are generally used to treat 37 diseases, ranging from simple headache to highly complicated eye and heart diseases. The majority of the species used by the local inhabitants were herbs (16 species), followed by some shrubs (11 species), climbers (5 species), trees (5 species) and grasses (2 species). The use percentage of aboveground plant parts were higher (70.58%) than that of underground plant parts (16.18%).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30770302 and 30570970)the Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China (No.2006FY110500)partially by the National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research (NSFC-J0630964/J0109)
文摘Codon usage bias varies considerably among genomes and even within the genes of the same genome. In eukaryotic organisms, energy production in the form of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the only process under control of both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Although factors affecting codon usage in a single genome have been studied, this has not occurred when both interactional genomes are involved. Consequently, we investigated whether or not other factors influence codon usage of coevolved genes. We used Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. Our χ^2 test on the number of codons of nuclear and mitochondrial genes involved in the OXPHOS system was significantly different (χ^2= 7945.16, P 〈 0.01). A plot of effective number of codons against GC3s content of nuclear genes showed that few genes lie on the expected curve, indicating that codon usage was random. Correspondence analysis indicated a significant correlation between axis 1 and codon adaptation index (R = 0.947, P 〈 0.01) in every nuclear gene sequence. Thus, codon usage bias of nuclear genes appeared to be affected by translational selection. Correlation between axis 1 coordinates and GC content (R = 0.814, P 〈 0.01) indicated that the codon usage of nuclear genes was also affected by GC composition. Analysis of mitochondrial genes did not reveal a significant correlation between axis 1 and any parameter. Statistical analyses indicated that codon usages of both nDNA and mtDNA were subjected to context-dependent mutations.
文摘Improvement on mining the frequently visited groups of web pages was studied. First, in the data preprocessing phrase, we introduce an extra frame filtering step that reduces the negative influence of frame pages on the result page groups. Through recognizing the frame pages in the site documents and constructing the frame subframe relation set, the subframe pages that influence the final mining result can be efficiently filtered. Second, we enhance the mining algorithm with the consideration of both the site topology and the content of the web pages. By the introduction of the normalized content link ratio of the web page and the group interlink degree of the page group, the enhanced algorithm concentrates more on the content pages that are less interlinked together. The experiments show that the new approach can effectively reveal more interesting page groups, which would not be found without these enhancements.