In commanding decision-making, the commander usually needs to know a lot of situations（intelligence） on the adversary. Because of the military intelligence with opposability, it is inevitable that intelligence perso...In commanding decision-making, the commander usually needs to know a lot of situations（intelligence） on the adversary. Because of the military intelligence with opposability, it is inevitable that intelligence personnel take some deceptive information released by the rival as intelligence data in the process of intelligence gathering. Since the failure of intelligence is likely to lead to a serious aftereffect, the recognition of intelligence is a very important problem. An elementary research on recognizing military intelligence and puts forward a systematic processing method are made. First, the types and characteristics of military intelligence are briefly discussed, a research thought of recognizing military intelligence by means of recognizing military hypotheses are presented. Next, the reasoning mode and framework for recognizing military hypotheses are presented from the angle of psychology of intelligence analysis and non-monotonic reasoning. Then, a model for recognizing military hypothesis is built on the basis of fuzzy judgement information given by intelligence analysts. A calculative example shows that the model has the characteristics of simple calculation and good maneuverability. Last, the methods that selecting the most likely hypothesis from the survival hypotheses via final recognition are discussed.展开更多
用户需求重要度的确定是质量功能配置(Quality Function Deployment,QFD)的关键环节,传统的确定方法需要专家或用户的参与,因此存在一定的主观偏差。设计人员确定的质量屋中用户需求与技术特征的关系矩阵,在一定程度上客观反映了各用户...用户需求重要度的确定是质量功能配置(Quality Function Deployment,QFD)的关键环节,传统的确定方法需要专家或用户的参与,因此存在一定的主观偏差。设计人员确定的质量屋中用户需求与技术特征的关系矩阵,在一定程度上客观反映了各用户需求的重要程度。用极差法对关系矩阵进行处理构造判断矩阵,然后用层次分析法计算,得到了稳定的无逆序的用户需求重要度。计算结果满足质量屋功能配置对用户需求重要度的要求。算法简化了用户需求重要度的计算过程,且具有客观合理的特点。展开更多
目的·系统评价经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS)对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)患者认知功能及伴痴呆的行为精神症状(behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia,BPSD)的疗效。方法·检...目的·系统评价经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS)对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)患者认知功能及伴痴呆的行为精神症状(behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia,BPSD)的疗效。方法·检索2019年11月2日以前的中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library及中国和美国临床试验注册中心等9个数据库的所有文献。英文以“Alzheimer′s disease”“transcranial magnetic stimulation”和“randomize controlled trial”为主题词进行检索,并检索自由词;中文以“阿尔茨海默病”“经颅磁刺激”“随机对照试验”为主题词进行检索。按照预先制定的纳入和排除标准,筛选文献。使用RevMan 5.3软件,以标准化均数差(standardized mean difference,SMD)为效应值,区间估计使用95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)进行统计分析;应用GradeProfile 3.2.2软件进行证据质量等级评价。结果·共纳入23篇文献。在改善认知功能方面:阿尔茨海默病疾病评估量表−认知子量表评价结果提示,高频TMS组效应值SMD=−0.64(95%CI−0.89~−0.40,P=0.000),低频组效应值SMD=−0.58(95%CI−1.12~−0.05,P=0.030);Grade证据质量等级显示,高频组为极低质量,低频组为低质量。使用简易智力状态检查量表评价认知功能时,根据TMS频率的高低、数值及治疗的次数分为3个亚组进行,结果提示,高频TMS组效应量SMD=1.30(95%CI 0.76~1.85,P=0.000),低频组疗效无统计学意义,Grade证据质量等级显示高频组和低频组均为极低质量;5 Hz组效应量SMD=3.99(95%CI 0.81~7.16,P=0.010),Grade证据质量等级为极低质量;治疗次数>40次且≤60次组效应量SMD=3.28(95%CI 1.67~4.90,P=0.000),Grade证据质量等级为极低质量。在改善BPSD方面:使用神经精神量表评价,结果无统计学意义,Grade证据质量等级为极低质量。使用AD病理行为症状量表评价分析显示,高频组效应量SMD=−0.83(95%CI−1.06~−0.60,P=0.000),低频TMS疗效无统计学意义;Grade证据质量等级显示,高频组结果为低质量,低频组结果为极低质量。结论·TMS能够改善AD患者的认知功能,且高频要优于低频,证据质量等级较低;而对AD患者的BPSD是否有效尚需进一步的研究。未来应纳入更多高质量的临床多中心随机对照研究来评价TMS对AD的疗效和安全性,为临床实践提供指导。展开更多
文摘In commanding decision-making, the commander usually needs to know a lot of situations（intelligence） on the adversary. Because of the military intelligence with opposability, it is inevitable that intelligence personnel take some deceptive information released by the rival as intelligence data in the process of intelligence gathering. Since the failure of intelligence is likely to lead to a serious aftereffect, the recognition of intelligence is a very important problem. An elementary research on recognizing military intelligence and puts forward a systematic processing method are made. First, the types and characteristics of military intelligence are briefly discussed, a research thought of recognizing military intelligence by means of recognizing military hypotheses are presented. Next, the reasoning mode and framework for recognizing military hypotheses are presented from the angle of psychology of intelligence analysis and non-monotonic reasoning. Then, a model for recognizing military hypothesis is built on the basis of fuzzy judgement information given by intelligence analysts. A calculative example shows that the model has the characteristics of simple calculation and good maneuverability. Last, the methods that selecting the most likely hypothesis from the survival hypotheses via final recognition are discussed.
文摘用户需求重要度的确定是质量功能配置(Quality Function Deployment,QFD)的关键环节,传统的确定方法需要专家或用户的参与,因此存在一定的主观偏差。设计人员确定的质量屋中用户需求与技术特征的关系矩阵,在一定程度上客观反映了各用户需求的重要程度。用极差法对关系矩阵进行处理构造判断矩阵,然后用层次分析法计算,得到了稳定的无逆序的用户需求重要度。计算结果满足质量屋功能配置对用户需求重要度的要求。算法简化了用户需求重要度的计算过程,且具有客观合理的特点。
文摘目的·系统评价经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS)对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)患者认知功能及伴痴呆的行为精神症状(behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia,BPSD)的疗效。方法·检索2019年11月2日以前的中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library及中国和美国临床试验注册中心等9个数据库的所有文献。英文以“Alzheimer′s disease”“transcranial magnetic stimulation”和“randomize controlled trial”为主题词进行检索,并检索自由词;中文以“阿尔茨海默病”“经颅磁刺激”“随机对照试验”为主题词进行检索。按照预先制定的纳入和排除标准,筛选文献。使用RevMan 5.3软件,以标准化均数差(standardized mean difference,SMD)为效应值,区间估计使用95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)进行统计分析;应用GradeProfile 3.2.2软件进行证据质量等级评价。结果·共纳入23篇文献。在改善认知功能方面:阿尔茨海默病疾病评估量表−认知子量表评价结果提示,高频TMS组效应值SMD=−0.64(95%CI−0.89~−0.40,P=0.000),低频组效应值SMD=−0.58(95%CI−1.12~−0.05,P=0.030);Grade证据质量等级显示,高频组为极低质量,低频组为低质量。使用简易智力状态检查量表评价认知功能时,根据TMS频率的高低、数值及治疗的次数分为3个亚组进行,结果提示,高频TMS组效应量SMD=1.30(95%CI 0.76~1.85,P=0.000),低频组疗效无统计学意义,Grade证据质量等级显示高频组和低频组均为极低质量;5 Hz组效应量SMD=3.99(95%CI 0.81~7.16,P=0.010),Grade证据质量等级为极低质量;治疗次数>40次且≤60次组效应量SMD=3.28(95%CI 1.67~4.90,P=0.000),Grade证据质量等级为极低质量。在改善BPSD方面:使用神经精神量表评价,结果无统计学意义,Grade证据质量等级为极低质量。使用AD病理行为症状量表评价分析显示,高频组效应量SMD=−0.83(95%CI−1.06~−0.60,P=0.000),低频TMS疗效无统计学意义;Grade证据质量等级显示,高频组结果为低质量,低频组结果为极低质量。结论·TMS能够改善AD患者的认知功能,且高频要优于低频,证据质量等级较低;而对AD患者的BPSD是否有效尚需进一步的研究。未来应纳入更多高质量的临床多中心随机对照研究来评价TMS对AD的疗效和安全性,为临床实践提供指导。
