Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies among Drug Users in Burkina Faso

Introduction: The epidemiology of both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among drug users (DUs) is little known in West Africa. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among drug users in Burkina Faso. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional biological and behavioral survey conducted between June and August 2022, among drug users in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso, the two main cities of Burkina Faso. A respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit drug users. Hepatitis B surface antigen was determined using lateral flow rapid test kits and antibodies to hepatitis C virus in serum determined using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Data were entered and analyzed using Stata 17 software. Weighted binary logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors of hepatitis B and C infections and a p-value Results: A total of 323 drug users were recruited with 97.5% males. The mean age was 32.7 years old. The inhaled or smoked mode was the most used by drug users. The adjusted hepatitis B and hepatitis C prevalence among study participants were 11.1% and 2.3% respectively. The marital status (p = 0.001), and the nationality (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with hepatitis B infection. The type of drug used was not significantly associated with hepatitis B infection or hepatitis C infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies among DUs are comparable to those reported in the general population in Burkina Faso. This result suggests that the main routes of contamination by HBV and HCV among DUs are similar to those in the population, and could be explained by the low use of the injectable route by DUs in Burkina Faso.

Determinants of Tobacco Cultivation and the Associated Impacts of Adoption in Hurungwe District, Zimbabwe

Tobacco is an essential cash crop in Zimbabwe and a strategic livelihood option for hundreds of thousands of rural households. However, the crop is linked to negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. The existing studies on tobacco cultivation in Zimbabwe present contradictory findings on the determinants and impacts of adoption, leaving unanswered questions about the crop’s sustainability impact in the country. This article investigates the determinants of smallholder farmers’ decisions to grow tobacco and the associated impacts of adoption. Random and purposive sampling were used to select 273 household surveys, including tobacco and non-tobacco smallholder farmers, and 56 expert interviews to answer the research questions. We employed regression models alongside expert interviews and document analysis to identify the determinants influencing the decision-making process of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe regarding tobacco cultivation. Additionally, our investigation aimed to elucidate the perceived impacts associated with the adoption of this agricultural practice. The regression analysis indicated that the farmer’s age, education level, farming experience, family size, household income, and perceived high farm profitability are significant drivers of tobacco adoption. We also discovered divergent and convergent perceptions of the critical impacts of tobacco cultivation. The study highlights the need for proactive multi-stakeholder collaboration and sustainable financial arrangements to address the negative impacts of tobacco production. As the primary stakeholder responsible for regulating and promoting agricultural activities, the Zimbabwean government should provide meaningful financial support, increase access to credit, and ensure better market facilities for alternative crops to reduce the over-dependence on tobacco.

Assessing Factors Influencing Solar Energy Adoption among Small and Medium Enterprises in Mzuzu City, Malawi

One of the many renewable energy sources that offer advantages is solar energy, which also lowers energy prices and promotes environmental sustainability and energy security. Despite these advantages, various barriers, such as installation costs, have prevented small and medium-sized enterprises from investigating this invention. Malawi has a significant energy shortfall such that most businesses have been hindered from their profit maximization goals. The “Photovoltaic systems” (PV) that transform sunlight into electricity are the subject of this study. This type of solar energy system is situated on the building’s roof and generally produces electricity for businesses and even homes. Solar energy offers a great impact to small and medium enterprises in Mzuzu city with a cost-effective and dependable alternative to energy that has the potential to change the game. Therefore the aim of the study was to identify factors that encourage the adoption of solar energy among small medium enterprises in the city of Mzuzu city. And to identify some of barriers faced when adopting solar energy among small and medium enterprises in the city of Mzuzu. The research approach employed in the study was a survey. A survey is a type of research methodology in which primary data is gathered from a sample using a questionnaire. When information is to be gathered from a wider sample, a survey is employed. A bigger sample size was needed in this study in order to facilitate hypothesis testing. It is advised to apply a logical approach while using the survey. The survey utilized a five-point Likert scale. The study used convenience sampling to select study participants. The sample size in this study was determined using Cochran’s sample size formula. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel were used for statistical analysis. About 97.2% of the participants were aware of solar as a source of energy compared to 2.8 % who were unaware. The majority of participants use solar energy for lighting only, seconded by those who use electricity. The least number of participants use solar energy for cooling only. The majority of participants 21.5% indicated partnership and collaboration as the most motivating factor for the adoption of solar energy. This was followed by technical expertise 19.1 % the least number of participants 10.8% expressed that policy and regulatory frameworks were associated with the adoption of solar energy. This study found that there are no statistically significant factors influencing barriers to the adoption of solar energy. The price of solar energy adoption was identified as the least factor associated with the acceptance or rejection of solar energy. Nonetheless, the reasons given by the homes that had embraced solar technology aligned with the findings of other studies. This survey also found that although the public was aware of solar energy, and technology, there were still a number of factors that mattered, especially for non-adopters.

Reform of the Irrigation Sector and Creation of Functional and Sustainable Irrigation Water Users Associations (AUEI) in Niger: Capitalization of the Experience of the Konni AHA

During the 1980s, as part of a policy of liberalization, following budgetary cuts linked to the implementation of structural adjustment programs, management responsibilities for AHAs were transferred from ONAHA to cooperatives concerned. Due to lack of financial resources, but also because of poor management, everywhere in Niger we are witnessing an accelerated deterioration of the irrigation infrastructure of hydro-agricultural developments. Institutional studies carried out on this situation led the State of Niger to initiate a reform of the governance of hydro-agricultural developments, by streng-thening the status of ONAHA, by creating an Association of Irrigation Water Users (AUEI) and by restructuring the old cooperatives. Indeed, this research aims to analyze the creation of functional and sustainable Irrigation Water User Associations (AUEI) in Niger in a context of reform of the irrigation sector, and based on the experience of the Konni AHA. It is based on a methodological approach which takes into account documentary research and the collection of data from 115 farmers, selected by reasoned choice and directly concerned by the management of the irrigated area. The data collected was analyzed and the results were analyzed using the systemic approach and the diagnostic process. The results show that the main mission of the AUEI is to ensure better management of water, hydraulic equipment and infrastructure on the hydro-agricultural developments of Konni. The creation of the Konni AUEI was possible thanks to massive support from the populations and authorities in the implementation process. After its establishment, the AUEI experienced a certain lethargy for some time due to the rehabilitation work of the AHA but currently it is functional and operational in terms of associative life and governance. Thus, the constraints linked to the legal system, the delay in the completion of the work, the uncertainties of access to irrigation water but also the problems linked to the change in mentality of certain ONAHA agents constitute the challenges that must be resolved in the short term for the operationalization of the Konni AUEI.

Design Method for Optimizing the Interactive Interface of Live Broadcasting Platform for the Elderly Users

In the era of network live broadcasting for everyone,the development of live broadcasting platforms is also more intelligent and diversified.However,in the face of a large group of elderly users,the interface interaction design mode used is still mainly based on the interaction mode for young groups,and is not designed for elderly users.Therefore,a design method for optimizing the interaction interface of live broadcasting platform for elderly users was proposed in this study.Firstly,the case study method and Delphi expert survey method were used to determine the design needs of elderly users and the design mode was analysed.Secondly,the orthogonal design principle was used to design a test sample of the interactive interface of live broadcasting platform applicable for the elderly users,and then a user evaluation system was established to calculate the weights of the design elements using hierarchical analysis,and then the predictive relationship between the design mode of the interactive interface of live broadcasting platform and the elderly users was established by Quantitative Theory I.Finally,Genetic Algorithm was applied to generate the optimized design scheme.The results showed that the design method based on the Genetic Algorithm and the combination of Quantitative Theory can scientifically and effectively optimize the design of the interactive interface of the live broadcasting platform for the elderly users,and improve the experience of the elderly users.

The Influence of Information Technology(IT)on Accrual Accounting Adoption:The Case of the Jordanian Public Sector

Jordan is one of many countries that intends to reform its public sector by adopting accrual accounting,which is primarily carried out through the International Public Sector Accounting Standards(IPSAS)implementation plan,scheduled to be completed by 2021.Considering the difficulties of adoption,this process cannot be completed without an appropriate Information Technology(IT)system capable of providing the accounting information required for this reform.Therefore,this study aims to examine the influence of IT on accrual accounting adoption in the Jordanian public sector.The study employed the quantitative survey approach.Based on 331 usable questionnaires,the descriptive findings showed that the use of IT in the Jordanian public sector is relevant to daily accounting transactions in general and to accrual accounting in particular.The regression analysis showed a positive,significant relationship between IT use and accrual accounting practice.The IT specialist should be able to understand the needs of public sector in adopting accrual-based accounting.In line with today’s digitalization age,which integrates advanced technologies and numerous techniques,this study suggests that a combination of accounting and IT experts is a value added to sharpen the competitiveness of public sector reform.This study contributes to the extant literature in public sector,concerning the relationship between IT and accrual accounting adoption in the context of Jordan.

Adoption of Solar Pumping Systems by Vegetable Farmers in Niayes Agro-Ecological Zone of Senegal: Adoption as a Sequential Process

This article examines the determinants of the adoption of solar pumping systems (PV) by vegetable farmers in the Niayes area of Senegal. To measure the determinants, we used a sequential logit model to translate the adoption process from becoming aware of solar pumping systems to testing them, i.e. using them at least once, and then continuing to use them over time. The results show that the main variables affecting awareness of the use of solar pumping systems (PV) are age, marital status, experience, access to credit, the farmer’s knowledge of climate change, the farmer’s origin in the Thiès region and length of time in the Niayes area. The first use of PVs is influenced by factors such as the size of the plot, the distance of the plot from the main road or from the market. Finally, the decision to adopt or continue use is influenced by gender, experience, household size and access to credit. Surprisingly, access to credit does not affect the first use of solar pumping systems, but plays a key role in their continued use.

Influencing factors of answer adoption in social Q&A communities from users' perspective: Taking Zhihu as an example

Purpose: Taking Zhihu as the object for a case study, we intend to analyze the key factors that have affected users on adopting answers in social Q&A(SQA) websites.Design/methodology/approach: With information adoption model(IAM) as the theoretical foundation and widely accepted evaluation criteria for answer quality in SQA sites as variables, we constructed a factor model that has influenced SQA community users to adopt offered answers. With the partial least squares(PLS) technique, our model was then empirically tested through a sample of 311 Zhihu users.Findings: Our results showed that answer usefulness is the most effective variable, and answer interactivity and answer entertainment both have positive and significant impacts on users’ attitude to adopt answers in an SQA community. Except for novelty, other three components of answer quality, i.e. knowledge, reliability, and solution to the problem have all significant effect on answer usefulness.Research limitations: First, due to the limited sample size, it is still questionable if our research results based on Zhihu could be applied to other SQA communities. Second, our questionnaires were mainly designed to investigate how users felt about the answers in an SQA site, but did not differentiate the content of the answer itself.Practical implications: As a three-year-old SQA platform, Zhihu has developed very quickly with its high-quality answers and public intellectual users, and has been regarded as one of the representatives of fast emerging Chinese SQA communities in recent years. Our studycould help shed light on users’ information sharing and knowledge adoption behaviors in a Chinese SQA site, such as Zhihu. Originality/value: Compared with previous studies on answer quality assessments in SQA sites and on information adoption model, to the best of our knowledge, this is one of the pioneer studies which combined answer qualities with users’ intention of adopting SQA answers. Our study on user answer adoption in Zhihu community could further develop the theory of IAM. This study showed that answer usefulness is the most important motivation of Zhihu users in the process of adopting answers.

Enable Excel-Based Basic Cybersecurity Features for End Users by Using Python-Excel Integration

In the digital age, the global character of the Internet has significantly improved our daily lives by providing access to large amounts of knowledge and allowing for seamless connections. However, this enormously interconnected world is not without its risks. Malicious URLs are a powerful menace, masquerading as legitimate links while holding the intent to hack computer systems or steal sensitive personal information. As the sophistication and frequency of cyberattacks increase, identifying bad URLs has emerged as a critical aspect of cybersecurity. This study presents a new approach that enables the average end-user to check URL safety using Microsoft Excel. Using the powerful VirusTotal API for URL inspections, this study creates an Excel add-in that integrates Python and Excel to deliver a seamless, user-friendly interface. Furthermore, the study improves Excel’s capabilities by allowing users to encrypt and decrypt text communications directly in the spreadsheet. Users may easily encrypt their conversations by simply typing a key and the required text into predefined cells, enhancing their personal cybersecurity with a layer of cryptographic secrecy. This strategy democratizes access to advanced cybersecurity solutions, making attentive digital integrity a feature rather than a daunting burden.

ADOPT问题解决模式护理对大面积烧伤患者创面愈合及心理状态的影响

目的:探究ADOPT问题解决模式护理对大面积烧伤患者伤残接受度、创面愈合及美观满意度的影响。方法:前瞻性选择2020年1月-2022年12月笔者医院收治的患者460例大面积烧伤患者为研究对象,将2020年1月-2021年3月收治的患者纳入对照组,2021年4月-2022年12月收治的纳入观察组,对照组采用大面积烧伤后常规护理,观察组采用ADOPT问题解决模式护理,持续护理3个月。分别于干预前和干预3个月后,采用伤残接受度量表(Acceptance of disability scale,AODS)评估患者伤残接受度,采用视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS)评估患者创面疼痛程度,采用简明烧伤健康量表(Burn specific health scale,BSHS-A)评估患者生活质量;干预4周后,计算创面愈合率;干预3个月后,采用(Vancouver scar scale,VSS)评估患者创面愈合后瘢痕增生情况,采用美观满意度评分表评估患者美观满意度;记录创面愈合时间。结果:干预后,观察组患者AODS评分、创面覆盖率、美观满意度、BSHS-A评分均明显高于对照组,创面愈合时间明显短于对照组,VAS评分和VSS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:ADOPT问题解决模式能够提高大面积烧伤患者伤残接受度和美观满意度,有利于创面愈合,患者生活质量也得以显著提高。

四手操作下ADOPT模式在老年急性牙髓炎治疗中的应用效果评估

目的评估四手操作下ADOPT模式在老年急性牙髓炎治疗中的应用效果。方法采用随机抽样法,选取2022年1—12月南京大学医学院附属口腔医院收治的80例老年急性牙髓炎病人作为研究对象,按就诊时间分为研究组和对照组,每组40例。研究组进行四手操作下ADOPT模式治疗,对照组进行常规四手操作治疗。分别采用Frankl量表、正性和负性情绪量表(PANAS)、一般自我效能量表(GSES)、护理满意度问卷调查表评定2组病人的治疗依从性、正负情绪、自我效能以及护理满意度并比较。结果研究组的依从率为80.0%,显著高于对照组的30.0%;研究组的正性情绪得分为(31.32±1.05)分,显著高于对照组的(26.95±1.05)分;干预后研究组病人的自我效能评分为(37.27±1.79)分,显著高于对照组的(21.15±1.02)分;研究组的护理满意度为97.5%,显著高于对照组的72.5%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论四手操作下ADOPT模式应用于老年急性牙髓炎诊疗过程中可以显著提高病人的治疗依从性、正性情绪和自我效能,以及病人对护理工作的满意度。

基于ADOPT模式的家庭心脏康复在老年冠心病伴衰弱患者中的应用效果

目的探讨基于ADOPT模式的家庭心脏康复在老年冠心病伴衰弱患者中的应用效果。方法将128例老年冠心病伴衰弱患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组64例。给予对照组常规家庭心脏康复,研究组在对照组基础上基于ADOPT模式开展家庭心脏康复。比较干预前后两组患者Tilburg衰弱量表评分、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、无氧阈(AT)、最大摄氧量值(VO_(2max))、6 min步行试验(6MWD)、健康状况调查简表(SF-36)评分,以及干预期间两组患者主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的发生率。结果干预后,除社会衰弱维度得分外,两组患者Tilburg衰弱量表的其他维度得分及总分低于干预前,且研究组的上述得分低于对照组,研究组社会衰弱维度得分亦低于干预前及对照组(P<0.05);研究组LVEF、6MWD、AT及VO_(2max)高于或长于干预前及对照组,LVESD、LVEDD低于干预前及对照组,SF-36各维度得分高于干预前及对照组,MACE总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于ADOPT模式的家庭心脏康复有助于改善老年冠心病伴衰弱患者的衰弱状况,提高心肺功能和生活质量,降低MACE发生率。

基于ADOPT模式的团体心理干预对老年直肠癌患者自我管理能力、生活质量及希望水平的影响

目的 探讨基于ADOPT模式的团体心理干预对老年直肠癌患者自我管理能力、生活质量及希望水平的影响。方法 依据干预方法的不同将200例老年直肠癌患者分为观察组(n=109)和常规组(n=91),常规组患者给予常规干预,观察组患者给予基于ADOPT模式的团体心理干预。比较两组患者的造口适应情况[造口适应量表(OAS)]、自我管理能力、负性情绪[焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)]、生活质量[欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量测定量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)]、希望水平[Herth希望量表(HHI)]和满意度。结果 出院时和出院后6个月,两组患者OAS量表各维度评分和总分均高于本组术后1天,且观察组患者OAS量表各维度评分和总分均高于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。出院时,两组患者SAS、SDS评分均低于本组术后1天,肠造口病人自我管理能力问卷、EORTC QLQ-C30、HHI量表各维度评分均高于本组术后1天,观察组患者SAS、SDS评分均低于常规组,肠造口病人自我管理能力问卷、EORTC QLQ-C30、HHI量表各维度评分均高于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者的总满意度为98.17%,明显高于常规组患者的89.01%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论 基于ADOPT模式的团体心理干预可明显缓解老年直肠癌患者的负性情绪,强化患者适应情况和自我管理能力,提高生活质量、希望水平和满意度。

Farmers’precision pesticide technology adoption and its influencing factors:Evidence from apple production areas in China

The research aimed to understand farmers’willingness to adopt(WTA)and willingness to pay(WTP)for precision pesticide technologies and analyzed the determinants of farmers’decision-making.We used a two-stage approach to consider farmers’WTA and WTP for precision pesticide technologies.A survey of 545 apple farmers was administered in Bohai Bay and the Loess Plateau in China.The data were analyzed using the double-hurdle model.The results indicated that 78.72%of respondents were willing to apply precision pesticide technologies provided by service organizations such as cooperatives and dedicated enterprises,and 69.72%were willing to buy the equipment for using precision pesticide technologies.The results of the determinant analysis indicated that farmers’perceived perceptions,farm scale,cooperative membership,access to digital information,and availability of financial services had significant and positive impacts on farmers’WTA precision pesticide technologies.Cooperative membership,technical training,and adherence to environmental regulations increased farmers’WTP for precision pesticide technologies.Moreover,nonlinear relationships between age,agricultural experience,and farmers’WTA and WTP for precision pesticide technology services were found.

基于 ADOPT 模式的团体激励管理在减重代谢术患者中的应用研究

目的探究态度-定义-开放思维-计划-实施模式的团体激励管理方案在减重代谢术患者中的应用效果。方法便利选取2021年1月至2022年12月某医院收治的200例减重代谢术患者,以数字表随机分为观察组与对照组,各100例。对照组实施常规管理方案,研究组实施基于态度-定义-开放思维-计划-实施模式的团体激励管理方案。结果干预后观察组患者的自我管理能力评分、健康管理达标率较对照组更高,空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素抵抗指数、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇指标水平较对照组更低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平较对照组更高,体重、腰围、臀围与体质指数均大于对照组,腰臀比小于对照组;观察组满意度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论态度-定义-开放思维-计划-实施模式团体激励管理方案能够提高减重代谢术患者的疾病认知及自我管理水平,纠正糖脂代谢紊乱,优化减重效果,患者满意度高。

ADOPT联合自我管理教育与支持干预对学龄期1型糖尿病患儿血糖管理的影响

目的探讨提高学龄期1型糖尿病患儿血糖控制水平、自我管理能力及生活质量的有效方法。方法将90例学龄期1型糖尿病患儿按照入院时间分为对照组与干预组各45例。对照组实施常规健康教育,干预组在此基础上实施ADOPT(态度Attitude、定义Definition、开放性思维Open mind、计划Planning、实施Trying)模式联合自我管理教育与支持干预。比较干预前,出院后1个月、3个月两组血糖水平及自我管理能力、生活质量。结果对照组44例、干预组42例完成研究。干预组患儿空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、自我管理能力及生活质量(除学校表现外)评分在时间效应、组间效应和交互效应上有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。出院后3个月干预组糖化血红蛋白显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论ADOPT模式联合自我管理教育与支持干预可改善患儿血糖控制水平,提高患儿自我管理能力及生活质量。

ADOPT模式在妊娠期糖尿病产妇中的应用及效果观察

目的分析ADOPT[态度(attitude,A)、定义(definition,D)、开放思维(open mind,O)、计划(planning,P)、实施(try it out,T)]模式在妊娠期糖尿病产妇中的应用效果。方法以南通大学附属妇幼保健院于2022年1月至2023年2月收治的120例妊娠期糖尿病产妇为研究对象,根据入院顺序将其分为对照组与观察组,每组60例,其中对照组产妇年龄24~35岁[(28.35±5.06)岁],观察组产妇年龄23~36岁[(28.29±5.33)岁],对照组实行常规护理,观察组实行ADOPT模式。比较2组产妇干预前与干预7 d时的心理弹性量表评分、糖尿病自我效能量表评分以及血糖水平,并对比2组产妇不良妊娠结局发生率。结果干预前,2组产妇的心理弹性量表评分、糖尿病自我效能量表评分及血糖水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预7 d时,观察组产妇心理弹性量表评分、糖尿病自我效能量表评分均高于对照组,且观察组产妇的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组产妇(6.67%)、新生儿(5.00%)的不良妊娠结局发生率均低于对照组产妇(20.00%)、新生儿(16.67%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ADOPT模式能够改善妊娠期糖尿病产妇的心理弹性,强化自我效能,有效控制其血糖水平,同时降低不良妊娠结局发生率。

ADOPT模式护理对耐药肺结核患者的认知状况及肺功能恢复的影响

目的观察态度-定义-开放思维-计划-实施(ADOPT)模式护理对耐药肺结核患者的认知状况及肺功能恢复情况的影响。方法前瞻性选取2021年9月至2022年12月于陕西省结核病防治院诊疗的144例耐药肺结核患者作为研究对象。按照随机数表法分为研究组和对照组各72例。对照组患者进行常规护理,研究组患者在对照组护理的基础上行ADOPT模式护理。出院时,比较两组患者护理前后的疾病认知状况(采用疾病认知状况问卷调查)、肺功能相关指标[包括用力肺活量(FVC)、用力呼气量(FVC%)、第1秒用力呼气容积率(FEV1%)]和生存质量[采用健康状况调查简表(SF-36)评价];同时比较两组患者护理后的痰菌转阴率及病灶吸收率。结果护理前,两组患者的药物知识、疾病知识、饮食干预、消毒隔离得分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,两组患者的药物知识、疾病知识、饮食干预、消毒隔离得分明显高于护理前,且研究组患者的上述各项得分分别为(27.48±3.49)分、(27.68±4.16)分、(25.83±2.79)分、(28.75±3.88)分,明显高于对照组的(23.09±3.25)分、(22.75±3.74)分、(21.63±2.76)分、(23.48±3.47)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理前,两组患者的FVC、FVC%、FEV1%比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,两组患者的FVC、FVC%、FEV1%明显高于护理前,且研究组患者的上述各项指标分别为(2.80±0.47)L、78.56±3.37、56.89±3.84,明显高于对照组的(2.43±0.15)L、73.48±2.89、54.26±3.03,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理前,两组患者的躯体健康、情绪角色、社会功能、精神健康比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,两组患者的躯体健康、情绪角色、社会功能、精神健康评分明显高于护理前,且研究组患者的上述各项评分分别为(76.92±18.37)分、(75.15±18.24)分、(72.26±8.42)分、(70.35±6.74)分,明显高于对照组的(55.83±16.14)分、(64.25±17.49)分、(60.56±7.25)分、(60.77±5.01)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者的痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率分别为86.11%、90.28%,明显高于对照组的62.50%、70.83%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ADOPT模式护理应用于耐药肺结核患者可有效提升其疾病认知状况及肺功能,同时还能有效改善患者生活质量,值得推广应用。

ADOPT护理模式联合呼吸训练导航干预在肺癌手术患者中的应用

目的 探讨ADOPT护理模式联合呼吸训练导航干预在肺癌手术患者中的应用效果。方法 选取在笔者所在医院胸外科行手术治疗的96例肺癌患者为研究对象。按照入院先后顺序,将2023年5月-6月收治的48例肺癌患者设为对照组,将2023年7月-8月收治的48例肺癌患者设为观察组。对照组接受肺癌围术期常规护理,观察组接受ADOPT护理模式联合呼吸训练导航干预,比较2组肺功能指标、术后肺部并发症发生率、胸管留置时间及住院时间。结果 干预后,观察组第1秒用力呼气量、用力肺活量和第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值均高于对照组(t=5.913,P<0.001;t=2.616,P=0.010;t=3.317,P=0.001),术后肺部并发症发生率低于对照组(χ2=9.095,P=0.003),胸管留置时间及住院天数均短于对照组(t=5.071,P<0.001;t=5.309,P<0.001)。结论 将ADOPT护理模式及呼吸训练导航干预联合应用于肺癌手术患者中,可降低术后肺部并发症的发生率,促进患者术后肺复张,缩短胸管留置时间及住院天数。

ADOPT护理模式对高龄足月初产妇母乳喂养率、心理韧性及家庭幸福感的影响

目的探讨ADOPT护理模式对高龄足月初产妇母乳喂养率、心理韧性及家庭幸福感的影响。方法回顾性分析2021年7月至2023年2月于河南黄河科技学院附属医院妇产科自然分娩的80例高龄足月初产妇的临床资料,将2021年7月至2022年5月分娩且采用常规护理的40例作为对照组,2022年6月至2023年5月分娩且以采用DOPT护理模式的40例作为观察组,均干预至初产妇出院。比较两组初产妇干预前后母乳喂养知识掌握度、自我效能、主观幸福感、心理韧性[心理韧性量表(CD-RISC)],干预1周、4周、8周后母乳喂养率及干预后角色适应度和护理满意度。结果干预后,观察组初产妇的母乳喂养概念、技巧、意义、方法评分及母乳喂养知识掌握度总分分别为(9.05±0.32)分、(9.12±0.31)分、(9.24±0.32)分、(9.35±0.30)分、(36.76±1.14)分,明显高于对照组的(8.34±0.38)分、(7.63±0.59)分、(8.67±0.51)分、(8.21±0.38)分、(32.85±1.06)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组初产妇的母乳喂养自我效能量表评分为(134.25±3.54)分,明显高于对照组的(125.11±2.76)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组初产妇的Campbell幸福感指数量表评分为(14.22±2.11)分,明显低于对照组的(19.41±2.36)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组初产妇的乐观、坚韧性、力量性评分及CD-RISC总分分别为(14.52±0.52)分、(47.41±1.18)分、(28.74±1.10)分、(90.67±1.14)分,明显高于对照组的(12.85±0.86)分、(40.36±1.53)分、(24.62±1.33)分、(77.83±1.68)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组初产妇产后1周、4周、8周母乳喂养率分别为95.00%、92.50%、82.50%,明显高于对照组的77.50%、75.00%、62.50%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组初产妇的总角色适应度、护理满意度分别为100.00%、95.00%,明显高于对照组的85.00%、77.50%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ADOPT护理模式可改善高龄足月初产妇心理韧性、家庭幸福感,提升其母乳喂养知识掌握度、母乳喂养率及角色适应度,提升其护理满意度。