Livelihood Diversification of Farm Households and Its Impact on Cultivated Land Utilization in Agro-pastoral Ecologically-vulnerable Areas in the Northern China

The relationship between livelihood diversification of farm households and cultivated land utilization has become a core research topic related to global environmental change.Agro-pastoral ecologically-vulnerable areas face challenges such as insufficient ecosystem conservation,low agricultural production,and weak economies.In this study,215 farm households from Zhengxiangbai Banner,Taibus Banner,and Duolun County of Inner Mongolia were surveyed.The sustainable livelihoods framework of the United Kingdom(UK)Department for International Development(DFID)was used to measure the livelihood capital of these farm households.A one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)was applied to examine the differences in the livelihood capital of different types households,and a correlation analysis was applied to analyze its impact on cultivated land utilization.Results showed that households with non-farming activities accounted for 64.7%of the total surveyed households,and non-farming employment was becoming more prevalent.Physical and financial capital was the driving factors for livelihood diversity.Each livelihood capital had key factors that affected household farmland use behaviors,such as the age of householder,the labor ratio,proportion of income,farmland scale,number of machines,and these had a significantly positive or negative influence on farmland use.Full-time farming households were more likely to transfer the land into cultivation and invest more labor,while non-farming households with high income were likely to transfer farmland out and invest more money to develop efficient farming or improve the employment skills.The results of this study suggest that policymakers need to fully consider livelihood changes of local households.It is effective to strengthen labor training,create farmland market and improve the efficiency of farmland utilization.We hope to achieve a win-win scenario to improve local economies and ecosystem conservation.

Analysis to the Driving Force Model and Driving Factor on the Utilized Changes of Cultivated Land in Gonghe County

Using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land in Gonghe County, and using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to inspect the effect of driving changing on cultivated land change under different change situations. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed from the county territory scale level. At last, some corresponding policies and measures were put forward.

Analysis of Patterns and Benefits of Cultivated Land Transfer in Rural Areas in the Loess Plateau——A Case Study of Yuanzhou District of Ningxia

Cultivated land transfer is one of hotspots in research on agriculture,rural areas and farmers in China. Based on research achievements related to cultivated land transfer and the field survey of Yuanzhou District in the Loess Plateau,the primary patterns of cultivated land transfer in rural areas in the Loess Plateau were summarized according to the management subjects of cultivated land. According to the analyses of family income and expenses of a peasant household,the benefit of various patterns of cultivated land transfer to increase farmers' income was analyzed,and the social and ecological benefits of cultivated land transfer were assessed. The results showed that cultivated land transfer had developed rapidly in the Loess Plateau,and 42. 5% of the investigated peasant households took part in cultivated land transfer. The benefit of cultivated land transfer to increase farmers' income was obvious after cultivated land transfer. There were significant differences between various patterns of cultivated land transfer in the increase of farmers' income. The pattern driven by agricultural cooperatives increased farmers' income most obviously,and the annual family earnings per peasant household reached 12072. 99 yuan / a. The social and ecological benefits of cultivated land transfer conducted by peasant households spontaneously were very remarkable. The pattern led by leading enterprises promoted the large-scale operation of cultivated land greatly,but its benefit to increase farmers' income was limited. The comprehensive benefit of the pattern guided by the government was the most balanced. Geographic environment had decisive influences on the choose of patterns of cultivated land transfer in the Loess Plateau.

Analysis to the Driving Force Model and Drives Factor on the Utilized Changes of Cultivated Land in Qinghai Lake Area

Using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to study the driving force of cultivated land in Qinghai Lake Area, and using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed, and the differences during all factors were compared. The study provides some decision basis for sustainable utilization and management of land resources in Qinghai Lake Area.

Study on Economic growth,Urbanization and Sustainable Utilization of Cultivated Land in China

By means of the dynamic regression model, this paper analyzes the relationships among economic growth, urbanization and changes of cultivated land in China, finds that the ratio of cultivated land occupied by economic growth is decreasing with social and economic growth. And, based on that, some policy suggestions on how to promote the sustainable use of cultivated land in China are put forward.

New Utilization Model of Karst Rocky Desertified Land in Southwest China:Ecological Planting of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo on Bare Rocky Mountains

The Yunnan-Guangxi-Guizhou rocky desertified area in southwestern China is one of the contiguous extremely poor areas identified in the Outline of Poverty Alleviation and Development in the Rural Areas of China(2011-2020).In rocky desertified areas,due to long-term severe soil erosion,large areas of bedrock are exposed or gravels are accumulated.This bare rock and gravel-mulched land has become the main land type in the rocky mountains.Under normal circumstances,it cannot be directly used for agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fishery production,and is classified as land that is difficult to be utilized.In recent years,in Debao County,Baise City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,as a deeply impoverished county in the Yunnan-Guangxi-Guizhou rocky desertified area,a new land use model of karst rocky desertified land,that is,planting Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo on bare rocky ground,has emerged,and certain poverty alleviation benefits have been achieved initially.In this article,on the basis of analyzing the suitability of planting D.officinale Kimura et Migo on karst rocky desertified land,the practice of planning D.officinale Kimura et Migo on the rocky desertified land in Debao County was elucidated,and then suggestions for reasonable promotion of ecological planting of D.officinale Kimura et Migo in karst rocky desertified areas were put forward.

County scale spatial differential characteristics of cultivated land use grade: A case of Binchuan County

Land resource is the material foundation of human survival and economic development, and the cultivated land is the essence of land resources. This paper takes the county scale, by using the method of GIS spatial analysis and statistical analysis unifies, to explore the quality of cultivated land in Binchuan County using level, and explain the utilization level of county cultivated land quality spatial differentiation characteristics. The results showed that:(1) in the quantity of cultivated land quality and utilization level, the average utilization of paddy land was greater than that of dry land, and the comprehensive utilization of cultivated land and so on. Among them, the paddy land ranged from grade 6 to 15, the average utilization was grade 11.6; dry land ranged from grade 2 to 11, the average utilization was grade 5.9; comprehensive range of cultivated land is grade 2 to 15, the average utilization was grade 8.1;(2) the quality of cultivated land utilization spatial differentiation. Paddy field, dry land and cultivated land and large value distribution in the central and southern, inverted V shape distribution; the smaller the value distribution in the East and West, a dumbbell shaped distribution. Among them, they don't use a larger value of paddy land distributed in the central, South and southwest, the maximum value is 14.3, the smaller the value distribution in the West and East, the minimum value is grade 7; the larger the value distribution by the dry land in the South and West, the maximum value is grade 10.2, the smaller the value distribution in the West and East. The minimum value is grade 2.3; the comprehensive utilization of cultivated land don't distributed larger value in the central, South and south-west, the maximum value is grade 12.7, the smaller the value distribution in the West and East, the minimum value is grade 3.5. This paper can provide scientific basis for the dynamic monitoring of cultivated land quality, the transformation of low yield farmland and the early warning of cultivated land pressure.

Efficiency Assessment of Land Use Types in Tan Binh Commune,Dak Doa District,Gia Lai Province,Vietnam

Land resource depletion causes a range of consequences,such as threats to food security,increasing poverty,and social unrest.Therefore,reasonable and effective land use has become a crucial issue of the nation and localities nationwide.Research results in Tan Binh commune,Dak Doa district,Gia Lai Province in Vietnam showed that long-term industrial and agricultural land occupies most of the commune's agroforestry land.The study also had shown that there are six common land use types(LUTs)in the commune.In particular,the LUT of pepper cultivation had the highest economic benefit,whereas the LUT of coffee brought the highest social benefit.However,the LUT of chayote was the highest in overall benefits with Ect of 0.93;thus,this LUT should be widely applied throughout Tan Binh commune.The research results were a crucial scientific basis for proposing a group of suitable plants to local natural conditions to bring effective and sustainable efficiency in land-use types.

东北三省耕地利用格局变化对粮食全要素生产率的影响

耕地是粮食生产最基本的要素,当前粮食需求扩大与粮食生产区域性不足矛盾突出,寻求更合理的耕地利用格局来实现粮食全要素生产率的提升具有重要意义。本研究基于土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)遥感监测数据,应用GIS软件提取东北三省2000、2005、2010、2015年耕地利用格局相关数据,同时运用数据包络分析模型估算了2000、2005、2010年和2015年东北三省区域和市域粮食全要素生产率。在耕地利用格局变化分析和粮食全要素生产率测算的基础上,从耕地利用格局变化的角度选取指标构建面板数据模型,定量分析其对粮食全要素生产率的影响。结果表明:东北三省市域粮食全要素生产率4个时期均值分别为0.81、0.78、0.82和0.83,粮食全要素生产率空间分布从最初的相对均匀到局部集聚;耕地转出率和耕地斑块破碎度与粮食全要素生产率呈负相关关系,耕地面积比例、耕地转入率和耕地斑块聚合度与粮食全要素生产率呈正相关关系;东北三省粮食全要素生产率提高主要源于耕地面积增加、林地和未利用地向耕地的转入以及耕地在流域的聚合,粮食全要素生产率的降低主要源于耕地转入减少和建设用地对耕地的嵌入式占用。研究表明,严格规划耕地利用格局、持续开展土地整理、提高耕地聚合度,可在保证耕地有效数量的同时,提高耕地利用格局的集聚性和合理性,促进粮食全要素生产率的提升。

甘肃省金银花生态种植模式比较

为提高甘肃省金银花的种植效益,探索金银花的生态种植模式,在金银花生长前期套种不同经济作物,分别是金银花+葱(T1)、金银花+花椰菜(T2)、金银花+大豆(T3)、金银花+上海青(T4)、金银花+马铃薯(T5)和金银花+不套种(T6)。研究通过评估金银花的生长指标、土壤水热情况及金银花和套种作物的产量,对比分析了甘肃省金银花生态种植模式对产量和经济效益的影响。结果显示,‘北花一号’在甘肃省种植成活率较高,平均在94.44%以上,当年新生枝芽(条)数为7.81~9.19个,新生枝芽(条)长度为3.39~5.83 cm,生长良好;金银花种植前期效益低,当年无产量,第2年平均产量仅为0.81 kg/10.8 m^(2),平均产值为16.21元/10.8 m^(2);T3处理下金银花产量显著提高,为1.45 kg/10.8 m^(2),较不套种提高158.93%;T4处理的经济效益最好,其中套种作物2年总产量达38.36kg/10.8m^(2),总产值为153.44元/10.8m^(2)。综上所述,金银花前期套种不同经济作物显著提高了经济效益和土地利用率,“金银花+上海青”是一种适合甘肃省金银花栽培的生态种植方法。

东北地区耕地绿色利用效率测算及影响因素

推动东北地区耕地绿色利用是践行绿色发展理念、促进黑土地保护的重要途径。综合运用包含非期望产出的超效率SBM模型、Tobit模型对东北地区40个地级市2012~2021年耕地绿色利用效率的时空分布格局及影响因素进行定量测度。结果表明:①2012~2021年,东北地区整体耕地绿色利用效率较高,而东北各地区效率自2018年后开始呈现波动下降态势,2020年后有所回升;②东北地区耕地绿色利用效率空间差异性显著,分布格局随时间的推移而逐渐变化,在研究期内呈现出“东高西低”“四周高、中间低”“南北高、四周低”的演变特征;③粮食作物轮作面积比例、单位农作物播种面积农业机械总动力对东北各地区耕地绿色利用效率具有显著性负向影响,科技发展水平具有显著性正向影响,但是在不同地区,不同因素的影响强度存在一定差异。建议既要在政策制度上规范和引导,还应在技术上支持和赋能,通过实际措施提高东北地区耕地绿色利用效率,实现黑土地可持续利用。

山东半岛耕地绿色利用效率的区域差异与影响因素分析

【目的】对山东半岛城市群耕地绿色利用效率的区域差异与影响因素进行分析,为实现区域耕地资源的合理配置及可持续利用提供科学依据。【方法】应用Super-SBM模型、莫兰指数(Moran’s I)、核密度估计以及Tobit回归模型进行分析。【结果】2000~2020年,山东半岛城市群耕地绿色利用效率整体呈上升趋势,区域层面,省会、鲁南经济圈总体呈上升趋势,而胶东经济圈呈波动下降趋势;城市群耕地绿色利用效率总体呈现出西北高、东南低的区域差异格局;城市群耕地绿色利用效率存在两极分化现象,城市群整体以及3大经济圈的区域差异均呈先扩大后缩小态势;农业生产条件、自然环境条件、耕地资源禀赋、科学技术水平以及经济发展水平对城市群耕地绿色利用效率均有显著影响。【结论】山东半岛城市群耕地绿色利用效率的区域差异正在逐渐缩小,受农业生产条件影响较大,未来应从优化农业投入结构入手,逐步缩小区域差异,并加强耕地绿色低碳利用,进而提高耕地绿色利用效率。

考虑碳排放约束的耕地利用生态效率时空差异与影响因素分析——以东北黑土区29个地级市为例

为保障粮食安全,促进东北黑土区农业低碳发展,推动黑土区农业绿色高质量发展和区域协同发展提供参考。以耕作过程产生的碳排放量作为非期望产出约束,利用超效率EBM模型对2007—2021年东北黑土区耕地利用生态效率进行有效测度,进一步采用Malmquist指数模型和Tobit回归模型探究考虑碳排放约束的东北黑土区耕地利用生态效率时空差异与影响因素。结果表明:①考虑碳排放约束条件的东北黑土区耕地利用生态效率整体上呈先上升后下降再上升的“N”型态势,东北黑土区四省中黑龙江省是唯一相对有效省份,29个地级市中未达到有效状态城市占72.4%;②碳排放约束条件的耕地利用生态效率损失是投入、非期望产出冗余和期望产出不足导致的,同时技术进步变化对生产率的影响更显著;③东北黑土区耕地利用生态效率受资源禀赋、环境规制水平和政府支持力度的显著影响。基于上述研究,为提高黑土区耕地利用生态效率,应考虑黑土地的自然、生产和生态特性,优化投入结构、提高农业现代化水平、制定可持续耕地利用绿色降碳减排的发展规划。

全生命周期视角下耕地利用碳排放时空特征及脱钩效应研究

基于农作物全生命周期的视角,利用联合国政府间国际气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)碳排放系数法测算了安徽省耕地利用过程中各类碳源的碳排放量,分析了其耕地利用碳排放的空间分布差异和时间发展特征;进一步通过构造TAPIO脱钩模型,分别从减排弹性、节能弹性、发展弹性三个方面对安徽省耕地利用碳排放与经济发展的脱钩程度进行分析。研究发现:安徽省耕地资源利用的碳排放呈现总体下降且由北向南递减的趋势;安徽省耕地资源利用的碳排放与经济发展总体上弱脱钩状态,呈现由北向南强度递增趋势,且地区间差异显著。

碳排放约束下耕地利用推动粮食生产的逻辑关联、现实矛盾与路径优化

耕地利用是国家粮食安全的重要保障,在碳排放约束背景下探究其与粮食生产之间的有机关联有助于揭示“土-碳-粮”三要素复杂的逻辑关系。该研究基于归纳演绎法与理论分析法,在梳理碳约束下耕地利用与粮食生产逻辑关系的基础上,深入分析粮食安全保障与碳减排背景下中国耕地可持续利用面临的挑战,并提出促进耕地绿色转型升级与粮食综合生产能力提高的优化路径。结果表明:1)碳排放约束下耕地利用与粮食生产之间紧密的逻辑关联形成了复杂的“土-碳-粮”要素系统;2)当前农业生产条件下实施耕地利用碳减排对国家粮食安全具有不确定性影响,但粮食稳产与增产仍将造成大量碳排放;3)为有效改善碳排放约束下耕地利用与粮食生产的紧平衡状态,从耕地保护、碳减排、粮食生产三方面通过耕地资源配置优化、碳交易市场构建、粮食生产结构调整等方式实现“土-碳-粮”要素协调路径优化。未来需合理规划耕地空间利用格局,采取多种政策工具,转变耕地利用方式,促进耕地低碳、绿色利用与国家粮食安全的可持续协同发展。

农用地利用效益的研究进展及展望

农用地利用效益是衡量农用地资源生产能力和可持续性的重要指标,也是地理学和土地科学的重要研究方向。本文系统梳理了农用地利用效益的内涵分类、形成机制与演化过程、评价分析等研究进展,并展望未来研究趋势,得到以下结论:农用地利用效益是指一定地域范围内农用地资源在利用过程中所产生的对自然界或者人类发展等各种有用成果的总称,由人类基于自身发展需求而开发利用农用地资源形成。当前农用地利用效益评价分析的综合性尚显不足,指标体系、数据来源和模型方法有待丰富,作用机理等理论探究仍需进一步深化。面向国家战略导向,本文构建了基于评价分析-相互关系-影响机理-提升管控的新时代农用地利用效益研究框架,提出未来应加强评价模型系统化、效益间关系定量判别、影响机理精准识别、差异化措施构建等方面的研究。

农业生产要素配置与耕地绿色利用效率的空间相关与溢出效应

基于2003—2020年中国31个省份的面板数据,运用SBM-Undesirable模型和空间杜宾模型探究农业要素错配对耕地绿色利用效率的影响效应。结果表明:中国农业生产要素错配指数呈下降趋势,农业生产要素配置不足和配置过剩并存,农业劳动力错配、资本错配和土地错配在省域层面差异显著且具有明显的空间正相关性;中国耕地绿色利用效率整体呈上升态势,研究期内涨幅为4.92%,省域间耕地绿色利用效率存在显著差异且具有明显的空间正相关性;农业劳动力错配、资本错配和土地错配对耕地绿色利用效率存在负向空间溢出效应,自然条件与工业化水平对耕地绿色利用效率存在负向空间溢出效应,财政涉农支出对耕地绿色利用效率具有正向空间溢出效应。据此,为改善农业要素错配和提升耕地绿色利用效率,提出推进耕地利用省域协同互动、深化农业要素市场改革、促进农业技术创新等政策建议。

中国粮食主产区耕地利用效率区域差异及影响因素——基于179个地级市的实证研究

[目的]粮食主产区在实现粮食稳产保供中具有重要的战略地位。研究粮食主产区的耕地利用效率及其时空演变特征,旨在为促进粮食主产区耕地资源高效利用、保障粮食安全及实现农业可持续发展提供参考。[方法]创新性地运用两阶段动态网络DEA模型,测算粮食主产区2010—2020年179个地级市耕地利用效率,并通过ArcGIS可视化技术和核密度估计分析其时空演变特征,构建Tobit模型并探究耕地利用效率影响因素。[结果]2010—2020年粮食主产区整体效率水平呈“小幅下降—快速上升—波动增长”的阶段趋势,整体效率水平偏低,仍具有较大提升空间。分阶段来看,生产阶段效率水平始终高于消费阶段,且两阶段效率水平差距有进一步增大的态势;粮食主产区耕地利用效率提升受两阶段效率水平共同作用的影响,生产阶段是效率提升的主要动力,阻力来自于消费阶段效率。分区域来看,松花江流域>长江流域>黄河流域的耕地利用效率,区域不均衡性显著。从空间上来看,整体效率、生产阶段效率高值区呈东北—西南空间分布,并逐渐形成“高—高”集聚和“低—低”集聚的空间格局,消费阶段效率高值区呈离散化分布格局,并未呈现出向提升方向收敛的发展态势。整体、生产阶段和消费阶段的外部影响因素不尽相同,涉及社会经济发展水平、城乡发展水平、科技水平及农业基础设施建设。同时不同因素对不同区域的整体及各子阶段耕地利用效率作用强度及作用方向也存在显著差异。[结论]未来粮食主产区不但要探索区域差异化耕地利用路径,加强各地级市间合作,更要在提升生产阶段效率的同时,重点关注各地级市消费阶段效率提升收敛速度以及与生产阶段效率差距之间的协调。

土壤重金属污染钝化修复研究进展

如何有效治理和修复重金属污染土壤,保障粮食安全成为农业和环境生态领域的研究热点。在优质耕地资源短缺与粮食生产需求的突出矛盾背景下,原位钝化技术被认为是解决土壤重金属污染修复治理的切实可行,且能保证作物安全生产的修复措施。文章从钝化剂种类、钝化修复技术应用中存在的问题等方面综述了重金属污染土壤钝化修复研究的现状,分析了影响土壤重金属钝化修复效果的因素,并对未来重金属污染土壤的钝化修复研究思路提出了建议,以期为科学、合理、高效使用钝化剂和钝化修复技术提供理论指导,实现受污染耕地的安全利用。

基于耕地利用效益的耕地保护补偿标准研究——以重庆市为例

基于外部性内部化理论,构建基于耕地利用效益的耕地外部性价值测算体系,估算耕地保护补偿标准,为制定和完善区域性耕地保护补偿政策提供依据.以重庆市37个区县为例,从生产、生态、社会3个层面构建评价指标体系评价耕地利用效益,并利用当量因子法、替代法测算耕地外部性价值及耕地保护补偿标准.结果表明:(1)重庆市耕地利用效益呈现西高东低的空间分布格局,耕地利用综合效益相对较高的地区主要集中在渝西南地区.(2)2022年,重庆市以全市域计算耕地外部性价值为225.707万元/hm^(2),分区县耕地外部性价值为112.788~236.253万元/hm^(2).耕地外部性价值空间差异明显,整体上西部地区高于东部地区.(3)2022年,重庆市耕地保护补偿标准平均值为0.758万元/(hm^(2)·年),其中补偿标准最高的九龙坡区为1.494万元/(hm^(2)·年),最低的彭水县为0.397万元/(hm^(2)·年).基于耕地利用效益测算耕地补偿价值,能够充分反映耕地利用效益与补偿标准之间的联系,据此测算的耕地保护补偿标准兼顾了耕地利用的外部性效益和耕地资源的外部性价值特性,未来可从补偿资金供给、资金分配及利益调整机制等方面加以落实.