Formation and utilization of water resources of Tarim River

The Tarim River is a typical inland river in arid area without runoff yield of itself, and water resources are all supplied by its headstreams. The method of time series analysis is applied to annual runoff series of three headstreams, namely the Aksu River, Yarkant River and Hotan River to analyze their dynamic variations. A model is established to estimate water consumption in the headstream areas. Quantitative results indicate that both total annual runoff of headstreams and water consumption in the headstream areas have an increasing trend. The dynamic trends of annual runoff of hydrologic stations along the mainstream of the Tarim River are also presented to estimate the intermittence drying-up time at each station. Water consumption model of the mainstream area is used to analyze the characteristics of water consumption in the upper and middle reaches. It is shown that water consumption in each river reach of the mainstream decreases with the decrement of inflow and increases with human activities.

Agricultural Water Resources Utilization and Management under Agricultural Safety Aim Based on Fuzzy Neural Network Algorithm

[Objectives]To explore the agricultural water resources utilization and management under the agricultural safety aim.[Methods]Fuzzy neural network algorithm was adopted.The evaluation model of agricultural water resources utilization and management carrying capacity based on quantitative system was established.[Results]With the remarkable improvement of China's national income,great progress has been made in China's agricultural development.However,in the process of agricultural safety production,the problem of sustainable development has not been noticed,the problem of water resources exceeding the limit bearing capacity frequently occurs.[Conclusions]It is of great significance to effectively solve the problem of water resources utilization and management.In the feasibility test for the algorithm,further tests on various indicators show that the research is feasible.

Decani Bistrica River Basin Waters

The catchment in Republic of Kosova can be divided in basins of the rivers as： basin of White Drino in village Radavc, Peja municipality; basin of river Iber, Mitrovica municipality; basin of river Morava of Binca, Gjilani municipality and basin of river Lepenci in Kacanik municipality. The watershed subject to this paper belongs to the basin of White Drino which belongs to the Adriatic sea catchment. This river occupies nearly 6.13% of the catchment of ＂White Drino＂ and has several positive features which make it more interesting for the study such as a considerable amount of annual rainfall and a distinct topography providing strong currents. The study comprises of a detailed analysis of the quantity of water which can be accumulated and used for water supply, irrigation for agricultural, production of electric hydropower and recreation.

Human settlement and changes in the distribution of river systems in the Minqin Basin over the past 2000 years in Northwest China

Introduction:Arid area is an important base for human settlement,however,long and drastic human activities have altered the drainage patterns in the arid watersheds significantly,causing serious ecological consequences.This study,through a case study of the Minqin Basin,a microcosm of the artificial oases in the arid northwest China,used the multitypes of data to recover the spatial distribution of human settlement and drainage patterns during historical period and analyze the relationship between them over the past 2000 years.Outcomes:Before the Han Dynasty(121 BC),the utilization of water resources in the Minqin Basin was in the primitive stage and the drainage pattern maintained the natural state.From the Han(121 BC-220)to the Wei-Jin Dynasties(220-316),the utilization of water resources intensified unprecedentedly,but the natural shape of the river systems was still maintained.In the following 1,000 years or so,the drainage pattern was in the state of“following its own course”due to the small human population.In the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644),with the alteration of the main rivers,the water resource utilization increased obviously,but the human reclamations were mainly confined to the southern part of the basin.In the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911),the reclamation of the Liulin Lake area significantly changed the drainage patterns,resulted in the drastically northward expansion of human settlement.Since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China(PRC)in 1949,the artificial water system completely replaced the natural water system and intensified the ecological problems in the basin.Discussion:The changes over the past 2000 years show the drastic impacts of human activities on the alterations of the drainage patterns and related ecological problems in the arid Northwest China.Conclusion:Rehabilitation of such ecological impairments requires both ecological restoration projects and changes in human paradigm and behavior over multiple temporal and spatial scales.