It is difficult to rapidly and on-line detect trace volatile organic compounds for miniature massspectrometry due to its limited sampling volume at slow pumping speed. In this paper, we developed anew radiofrequency f...It is difficult to rapidly and on-line detect trace volatile organic compounds for miniature massspectrometry due to its limited sampling volume at slow pumping speed. In this paper, we developed anew radiofrequency field enhanced chemical ionization source （RF-ECI） with vacuum ultraviolet （VUV）lamp by coupling radiofrequency electric field and direct-current field together. The experiment resultsshowed that the sensitivity of benzene, toluene, hydrogen sulfide and other compounds increased by 2-3orders of magnitude under the introduction of RF-ECI comparing to traditional single photon ionization（SPI）. At the same time, the reagent ion of O2＋ realized the charge transfer reaction chemical ionization,and the RF-ECI effectively expanded the detection range of the VUV lamp based SPI. The VUV lamp hasinherent advantages in the on-site analytical instrument for its small size and low power consumption,and the VUV lamp based RF-ECI miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometer （TOFMS） has a limit-of-detection for H2S as low as 0.0571 mg/m3, and it is expected to be used widely in the field of on-site rapidanalvsis.展开更多
研制了真空紫外灯单光子电离源飞行时间质谱仪(Vacuum ultraviolet single photon ionization timeof-flight mass spectrometer,VUV-SPI-TOFMS),包括真空系统、毛细管进样系统、真空紫外灯电离源、垂直加速反射式飞行时间质量分析器和...研制了真空紫外灯单光子电离源飞行时间质谱仪(Vacuum ultraviolet single photon ionization timeof-flight mass spectrometer,VUV-SPI-TOFMS),包括真空系统、毛细管进样系统、真空紫外灯电离源、垂直加速反射式飞行时间质量分析器和数据采集系统等。仪器采用的真空紫外单光子电离方式,能够将电离能低于紫外单光子能量(10.6eV)的挥发性有机物(Volatile organic compounds,VOCs)电离。与电子轰击源比较,紫外光电离基本无碎片产生,比较适合样品定性分析。结果表明,仪器的质量分辨率优于800(Fullwidth at half maximum,FWHM),质量精度优于1.0×10-4。仪器能够检测出香烟主流烟气中的60多种化合物,对于丙酮、环己烷、乙酸乙酯和甲苯的定性检出限分别为0.33×10-6,0.27×10-6,0.42×10-6和0.11×10-6。本仪器能够实现对各种环境介质(气相、固相、液相)中挥发性有机物的实时、在线检测,若与膜富集、加热进样装置或吹扫捕集系统联用,仪器的灵敏度能得到有效提高。展开更多
酚类化合物是染料、炼焦、造纸等工业废水中的主要污染物,污染范围广、危害大,因此有必要发展在线灵敏的测量方法对其进行监测和控制。我们利用自主研制的膜进样-真空紫外(VUV)电离-飞行时间质谱仪(time of flight mass spectrometer,TO...酚类化合物是染料、炼焦、造纸等工业废水中的主要污染物,污染范围广、危害大,因此有必要发展在线灵敏的测量方法对其进行监测和控制。我们利用自主研制的膜进样-真空紫外(VUV)电离-飞行时间质谱仪(time of flight mass spectrometer,TOFMS),发展了一种快速测量水中苯酚、3-甲酚、2-氯酚和2,4-二氯酚的方法。实验发现:经乙酸酐衍生化反应后,酚类化合物的检测灵敏度可以大大提高;用聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)膜直接进样可以缩短样品的分析检测时间,使单个样品的分析时间小于15 min。同时,由于单光子电离技术产生的碎片峰很少,谱图解析方便,可以不用分离直接测量混合物样品。优化实验参数(反应时间、pH值、乙酸酐加入量等)后,苯酚、3-甲酚、2-氯酚和2,4-二氯酚的检出限分别达到3、6、8、14μg.L-1,线性范围达到2个数量级。展开更多
Ammonia(NH_(3))is ubiquitous in the atmosphere,it can affect the formation of secondary aerosols and particulate matter,and cause soil eutrophication through sedimentation.Currently,the use of radioactive primary reag...Ammonia(NH_(3))is ubiquitous in the atmosphere,it can affect the formation of secondary aerosols and particulate matter,and cause soil eutrophication through sedimentation.Currently,the use of radioactive primary reagent ion source and the humidity interference on the sensitivity and stability are the two major issues faced by chemical ionization mass spectrometer(CIMS)in the analysis of atmospheric ammonia.In this work,a vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)Kr lamp was used to replace the radioactive source,and acetone was ionized under atmospheric pressure to obtain protonated acetone reagent ions to ionize ammonia.The ionization source is designed as a separated three-zone structure,and even 90 vol.%high-humidity samples can still be directly analyzed with a sensitivity of sub-ppbv.A signal normalization processing method was designed,and with this new method,the quantitative relative standard deviation(RSD)of the instrument was decreased from 17.5%to9.1%,and the coefficient of determination was increased from 0.8340 to 0.9856.The humidity correction parameters of the instrument were calculated from different humidity,and the ammonia concentrations obtained under different humidity were converted to its concentration under zero humidity condition with these correction parameters.The analytical time for a single sample is only 60 sec,and the limit of detection(LOD)was 8.59 pptv(signalto-noise ratio S/N=3).The ambient measurement made in Qingdao,China,in January 2021 with this newly designed CIMS,showed that the concentration of ammonia ranged from 1 to 130 ppbv.展开更多
Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of meth...Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of methyl iodide and humidity interference are two major issues of the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)lamp initiated CIMS for on-line gaseous formic and acetic acids analysis.In this work,we present a new CIMS based on VUV lamp,and the ion-molecular reactor is separated into photoionization and chemical ionization zones by a reducer electrode.Acetone was added to the photoionization zone,and the VUV photoionization acetone provided low-energy electrons for methyl iodide to generate I−,and the addition of acetone reduced the amount of methyl iodide by 2/3.In the chemical ionization zone,a headspace vial containing ultrapure water was added for humidity calibration,and the vial changes the sensitivity as a function of humidity from ambiguity to well linear correlation(R2>0.95).With humidity calibration,the CIMS can quantitatively measure formic and acetic acids in the humidity range of 0%-88%RH.In this mode,limits of detection of 10 and 50 pptv are obtained for formic and acetic acids,respectively.And the relative standard deviation(RSD)of quantitation stability for 6 days were less than 10.5%.This CIMS was successfully used to determine the formic and acetic acids in the underground parking and ambient environment of the Shandong University campus(Qingdao,China).In addition,we developed a simple model based formic acid concentration to assess vehicular emissions.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21375129 and 21675155)
文摘It is difficult to rapidly and on-line detect trace volatile organic compounds for miniature massspectrometry due to its limited sampling volume at slow pumping speed. In this paper, we developed anew radiofrequency field enhanced chemical ionization source （RF-ECI） with vacuum ultraviolet （VUV）lamp by coupling radiofrequency electric field and direct-current field together. The experiment resultsshowed that the sensitivity of benzene, toluene, hydrogen sulfide and other compounds increased by 2-3orders of magnitude under the introduction of RF-ECI comparing to traditional single photon ionization（SPI）. At the same time, the reagent ion of O2＋ realized the charge transfer reaction chemical ionization,and the RF-ECI effectively expanded the detection range of the VUV lamp based SPI. The VUV lamp hasinherent advantages in the on-site analytical instrument for its small size and low power consumption,and the VUV lamp based RF-ECI miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometer （TOFMS） has a limit-of-detection for H2S as low as 0.0571 mg/m3, and it is expected to be used widely in the field of on-site rapidanalvsis.
文摘研制了真空紫外灯单光子电离源飞行时间质谱仪(Vacuum ultraviolet single photon ionization timeof-flight mass spectrometer,VUV-SPI-TOFMS),包括真空系统、毛细管进样系统、真空紫外灯电离源、垂直加速反射式飞行时间质量分析器和数据采集系统等。仪器采用的真空紫外单光子电离方式,能够将电离能低于紫外单光子能量(10.6eV)的挥发性有机物(Volatile organic compounds,VOCs)电离。与电子轰击源比较,紫外光电离基本无碎片产生,比较适合样品定性分析。结果表明,仪器的质量分辨率优于800(Fullwidth at half maximum,FWHM),质量精度优于1.0×10-4。仪器能够检测出香烟主流烟气中的60多种化合物,对于丙酮、环己烷、乙酸乙酯和甲苯的定性检出限分别为0.33×10-6,0.27×10-6,0.42×10-6和0.11×10-6。本仪器能够实现对各种环境介质(气相、固相、液相)中挥发性有机物的实时、在线检测,若与膜富集、加热进样装置或吹扫捕集系统联用,仪器的灵敏度能得到有效提高。
文摘酚类化合物是染料、炼焦、造纸等工业废水中的主要污染物,污染范围广、危害大,因此有必要发展在线灵敏的测量方法对其进行监测和控制。我们利用自主研制的膜进样-真空紫外(VUV)电离-飞行时间质谱仪(time of flight mass spectrometer,TOFMS),发展了一种快速测量水中苯酚、3-甲酚、2-氯酚和2,4-二氯酚的方法。实验发现:经乙酸酐衍生化反应后,酚类化合物的检测灵敏度可以大大提高;用聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)膜直接进样可以缩短样品的分析检测时间,使单个样品的分析时间小于15 min。同时,由于单光子电离技术产生的碎片峰很少,谱图解析方便,可以不用分离直接测量混合物样品。优化实验参数(反应时间、pH值、乙酸酐加入量等)后,苯酚、3-甲酚、2-氯酚和2,4-二氯酚的检出限分别达到3、6、8、14μg.L-1,线性范围达到2个数量级。
基金partially supported by the National Special Fund for the Development of Major Research Equipment and Instrument(No.2020YFF01014503)NSF of China(No.21874134)Young Taishan Scholars(No.tsqn201909039)
文摘Ammonia(NH_(3))is ubiquitous in the atmosphere,it can affect the formation of secondary aerosols and particulate matter,and cause soil eutrophication through sedimentation.Currently,the use of radioactive primary reagent ion source and the humidity interference on the sensitivity and stability are the two major issues faced by chemical ionization mass spectrometer(CIMS)in the analysis of atmospheric ammonia.In this work,a vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)Kr lamp was used to replace the radioactive source,and acetone was ionized under atmospheric pressure to obtain protonated acetone reagent ions to ionize ammonia.The ionization source is designed as a separated three-zone structure,and even 90 vol.%high-humidity samples can still be directly analyzed with a sensitivity of sub-ppbv.A signal normalization processing method was designed,and with this new method,the quantitative relative standard deviation(RSD)of the instrument was decreased from 17.5%to9.1%,and the coefficient of determination was increased from 0.8340 to 0.9856.The humidity correction parameters of the instrument were calculated from different humidity,and the ammonia concentrations obtained under different humidity were converted to its concentration under zero humidity condition with these correction parameters.The analytical time for a single sample is only 60 sec,and the limit of detection(LOD)was 8.59 pptv(signalto-noise ratio S/N=3).The ambient measurement made in Qingdao,China,in January 2021 with this newly designed CIMS,showed that the concentration of ammonia ranged from 1 to 130 ppbv.
基金supported by the National Special Fund for the Development of Major Research Equipment and Instrument(No.2020YFF01014503)the Young Taishan Scholars(No.tsqn201909039)the College 20 Project fromJi Nan Science&Technology Bureau(No.2021GXRC058).
文摘Formic and acetic acids are the most abundant gaseous organic acids and play the key role in the atmospheric chemistry.In iodine-adduct chemical ionizationmass spectrometry(CIMS),the low utilization efficiency of methyl iodide and humidity interference are two major issues of the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)lamp initiated CIMS for on-line gaseous formic and acetic acids analysis.In this work,we present a new CIMS based on VUV lamp,and the ion-molecular reactor is separated into photoionization and chemical ionization zones by a reducer electrode.Acetone was added to the photoionization zone,and the VUV photoionization acetone provided low-energy electrons for methyl iodide to generate I−,and the addition of acetone reduced the amount of methyl iodide by 2/3.In the chemical ionization zone,a headspace vial containing ultrapure water was added for humidity calibration,and the vial changes the sensitivity as a function of humidity from ambiguity to well linear correlation(R2>0.95).With humidity calibration,the CIMS can quantitatively measure formic and acetic acids in the humidity range of 0%-88%RH.In this mode,limits of detection of 10 and 50 pptv are obtained for formic and acetic acids,respectively.And the relative standard deviation(RSD)of quantitation stability for 6 days were less than 10.5%.This CIMS was successfully used to determine the formic and acetic acids in the underground parking and ambient environment of the Shandong University campus(Qingdao,China).In addition,we developed a simple model based formic acid concentration to assess vehicular emissions.
