Assessing efficacy of standard impregnation techniques on die-cast aluminum alloys using X-ray micro-CT

Utilizing lightweight Al alloys in various industrial applications requires achieving precise pressure tightness and leak requirements.Vacuum pressure impregnation(VPI)with thermosetting polymers is commonly used to address leakage defects in die-cast Al alloys.In this study,the efficacy of the VPI technique in sealing alloy parts was investigated using a combination of nondestructive micro X-ray computed tomography(micro XCT)and a standard leak test.The results demonstrate that the commonly used water leak test is insufficient for determining the sealing performance.Instead,micro XCT shows distinct advantages by enabling more comprehensive analysis.It reveals the presence of a low atomic number impregnates sealant within casting defects,which has low grey contrast and allows for visualizing primary leakage paths in 3D.The effective atomic number of impregnated resin is 6.75 and that of Al alloy is 13.69 by dual-energy X-ray CT.This research findings will contribute to enhancing the standard VPI process parameters and the properties of impregnating sealants to improve quality assurance for impregnation in industrial metals.

Near-net shaped Al/SiCP composites via vacuum-pressure infiltration combined with gelcasting

To solve the problem of difficult machining, the near-net shaped Al/SiCP composites with high volume fraction of SiC particles were fabricated by vacuum-pressure infiltration. The SiCP preform with a complex shape was prepared by gelcasting. Pure Al, Al4Mg, and Al4Mg2Si were used as the matrices, respectively. The results indicate that the optimal parameters of SiCP suspension in gelcasting process are pH value of 10, TMAH content of 0.5 wt.%, and solid loading of 52 vol.%. The Al matrix alloyed with Mg contributes to improving the interfacial wettability of the matrix and SiC particles, which increases the relative density of the composite. The Al matrix alloyed with Si is beneficial to inhibiting the formation of the detrimental Al4C3 phases. The Al4Mg2Si/SiCP composite exhibits high relative density of 99.2%, good thermal conductivity of 150 W·m^-1·K^-1, low coefficient of thermal expansion of 10.1×10^-6 K^-1, and excellent bending strength of 489 MPa.

Design of the Metal Precursors Molecular Structures in Impregnating Solutions for Preparation of Efficient Ni Mo/Al_2O_3 Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts

The molecular structures of metal precursors in the impregnating solution were designed so as to prepare efficient Ni Mo/Al_2O_3 hydrodesulfurization(HDS) catalysts. At first, five typical impregnating solutions were designed; the existing metal precursors, such as [Mo4(citrate)2O11]^(4-)-like, [P2Mo18O62]^(6-)-like and [P2Mo5O23]^(6-)-like species in the solutions were confirmed by laser Raman spectroscopy(LRS). The UV-Vis spectra results indicated that the solutions containing both phosphoric acid and citric acid could change the existing form of nickel species. Five corresponding Ni Mo/Al_2O_3 catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The LRS analysis results of dried catalysts showed that the above metal precursors could be partly retained on alumina support after impregnation and drying, although the interface reaction between different metal precursors and alumina support unavoidably took place. Then the catalysts were sulfided and characterized by N2 physisorption, TEM and XPS analyses. The results showed that different metal precursors in impregnating solution could mainly result in the difference in both the morphology of(Ni)Mo S2 slabs and the promoting effect of Ni species. The catalyst prepared mainly with [P2Mo5O23]^(6-)-like species used as precursors exhibited worse dispersion of(Ni)Mo S2 slabs and lower ratio of Ni–Mo–S active phases than the one with [Mo4(citrate)2O11]^(4-)-like species. Promisingly, the catalyst prepared with co-existing [Mo4(citrate)2O11]^(4-)-like, [P2Mo18O62]^(6-)-like and [P2Mo5O23]^(6-)-like species showed better hydrodesulfurization activity for 4,6-DMDBT thanks to its more well-dispersed Ni–Mo–S active phases.

Coagulating Processes of Impregnating Spun-Laced Non-Woven Substrates with PU Dispersion

PU dispersion was chosen as an impregnating agent to produce leather-like sheet on spun-laced nonwoven.Three typical coagulating processes were studied.It was found that the best coagulating process for the chosen PUdispersion to get the leather-like sheet was coagulation in a sodium chloride solution.The detailed study of coagu-lating processes in sodium chloride solution was carriedout and optimal condition was obtained.Some experi-mental results were elucidated.Keywords:PU dispersion,coagulating, impregnating,ar-tificial leather,spun-laced nonwoven.

Research on Fe-based impregnated diamond drill bits strengthened by Nano-NbC and Nano-WC

In order to improve the matrix performance of impregnated diamond drill bit to better meet the drilling needs,the effects of the addition of nano-WC and nano-NbC particles on the matrix material together with the mechanical properties and microstructure of the diamond-matrix composite material of the Fe-based diamond drill bit were studied by using the method of uniform formula design,regression analysis and solution finding.An indoor drilling test was also carried out using the fabricated impregnated diamond drill bit.The results showed that after the addition of nano-NbC and nano-WC,the hardness and flexural strength of the matrix material got improved,as the flexural strength of the diamond composite material increased to 4.29%,the wear-resistance ratio increased to 8.75%,and the tighter the chemical bonding between the diamond and the matrix.This,indicates that the addition of nanoparticles has a positive significance in improving the performance of the diamond composite.The results of the drilling test showed that the mechanical drilling speed of the impregnated diamond drill bit after nanoparticle strengthening is 25.85%higher than that of the conventional drill bit,and the matrix wear was increased by 17.5%.It proves that nanoparticles can improve the drilling performance and efficiency of drill bit.

Scale and Associated Factors of Using Pyrethroid-Impregnated Mosquito Nets as Fishing Tools on Nokoué Lake within Sô-Ava Municipality in Benin, 2020

Background: In lacustrine communities, whether in Benin or elsewhere, populations use impregnated mosquito nets (IMNs) as fishing nets. This depletes the lake of its fishery resources, which in turn are contaminated by the pyrethroids impregnated in the nets. This study aims to determine the scale and factors associated with the use of pyrethroid-impregnated mosquito nets as fishing tools in the municipality of Sô-Ava in Benin. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study with two components. First, a quantitative component was made up of 280 volunteers who were interviewed in the seven districts of the city. Data collection was done in two phases: the first from September to October 2020, and the second in August 2022. Data were analyzed with Stata and logistic regression was used. Another qualitative component was made up of forty participants chosen by reasoned choice, of which 32 were split into four focus groups of eight members each, and the rest participated in semi-structured interviews. Triangulation of the different sources was used to analyze the data. Results: Around 67% of the population reported using impregnated mosquito nets as fishing tools and 33% exclusively for malaria. Seasonal fishermen (ORa = 2.03, CI = 1.35 - 4.97, P = 0.004) and years of professional experience (ORa = 1.53, CI = 1.00 - 2.05, P = 0.021) increase the risk of using these nets as fishing tools. The use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets against mosquitoes causes skin scratching and impairs breathing because of the impregnation products, as reported by respondents. Conclusion: A high prevalence of inappropriate use of impregnated mosquito nets in fishing practices is highlighted in this study. Interviews in the field revealed that nets are diverted for fishing purposes to increase the volume of catches. Consequently, it will be appropriate to assess the pyrethroid content in water and fishery products.

Green Superhydrophobic Paper with Self-cleaning Properties Prepared via One-step Impregnation

In this study,a green and pollution-free multifunctional superhydrophobic paper-based material was prepared using a simple and efficient dipping method.The superhydrophobic paper with a water contact angle(WCA)of 160°was prepared by attaching micro-and nanocomposite particles,made of stearic acid-modified chitosan and two kinds of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))nanoparticles of different sizes,to a paper substrate.The surface morphology,elemental composition,and wetting properties of the coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),and contact angle measurements.Additionally,superhydrophobic coatings exhibited good self-cleaning properties,liquid repellency,ease of repair,and antifouling properties in organic solutions.

组合浸渍和超低温冻融预处理对真空冷冻干燥蓝莓品质的影响

为探究组合浸渍冻干保护剂(海藻糖-CaCl_(2))和超低温冻融预处理对蓝莓活性物质和品质的影响,该研究以直接冷冻干燥为对照组,以普通冻融(-20℃)、超低温快速冻融(-80℃)、超声波辅助冻干保护剂浸渍冻融(-20℃)、(-80℃)预处理后进行真空冷冻干燥为试验组,比较分析蓝莓活性物质(多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性)、营养物质(维生素C、花青素、总酚、类黄酮)、质构特性(硬度、咀嚼性)等指标的变化情况,并在此基础上进行BoxBehnken三因素三水平试验设计。结果表明:单一的冻干保护剂浸渍处理或者超低温处理均不如两者组合效果理想,两者组合浸渍后-80℃冻融处理可以有效维持蓝莓硬度,提高蓝莓营养物质的保留度并减少真空冷冻干燥时间。冻融次数为2次,浸渍时间为3.7 h,单次冷冻时间为4.2 d时蓝莓综合指标最高,营养物质保留度最高。该研究阐述了冻干保护剂浸渍预处理与超低温冻融两者联合处理对真空冷冻干燥蓝莓品质提升的机理,探究了冻融次数、冷冻时间、浸渍时间对品质的影响,得出了真空冷冻干燥预处理的最佳参数,为蓝莓真空冷冻干燥技术的发展提供了新思路。

Discussion of reasonable drilling parameters in impregnated diamond bit drilling

The impregnated diamond(ID)bit drilling is one of the main rotary drilling methods in hard rock drilling and it is widely used in mineral exploration,oil and gas exploration,mining,and construction industries.In this study,the quadratic polynomial model in ID bit drilling process was proposed as a function of controllable mechanical operating parameters,such as weight on bit(WOB)and revolutions per minute(RPM).Also,artificial neural networks(ANN)model for predicting the rate of penetration(ROP)was developed using datasets acquired during the drilling operation.The relationships among mechanical operating parameters(WOB and RPM)and ROP in ID bit drilling were analyzed using estimated quadratic polynomial model and trained ANN model.The results show that ROP has an exponential relationship with WOB,whereas ROP has linear relationship with RPM.Finally,the optimal regime of mechanical drilling parameters to achieve high ROP was confirmed using proposed model in combination with rock breaking principal.

孕镶金刚石钻头磨损研究现状与发展趋势

孕镶金刚石钻头广泛应用于各种硬岩钻进,尤其是深部硬岩钻探钻井的工程实践活动中,其碎岩机制表现为金属胎体包裹的金刚石出刃后压入、刻划和破碎岩石。金刚石钻头的磨损形式反映了孔底钻头-岩石的相互作用过程,以及磨粒(包括岩屑、胎体碎屑和金刚石碎屑等)在孔底的存在状态,它决定了金刚石钻头的钻进效率和使用寿命。目前关于孕镶金刚石钻头磨损理论、方法的研究大部分属于定性判断,且常局限于区域特殊情况,无法形成统一或可借鉴的实用指导体系。以地质钻探领域的孕镶金刚石钻头磨损相关研究文献为主,讨论了孕镶金刚石钻头磨损的研究现状。首先结合地质钻探工业实践和行业规程归纳了钻头的非正常磨损类型,然后从磨损图像、钻进信号2个方面介绍了钻头磨损评价方法,从钻头整体、金刚石和金属胎体3个方面梳理了钻头钻进过程磨损机理与影响因素,另外列举了主流的钻头磨损性能调控方法,介绍了磨损分析方程的研究进展,并探讨了机器学习方法如何辅助钻头磨损研究。孕镶金刚石钻头在深部硬岩钻探中有极大的潜力,而其磨损性能是决定其最终使用效果的关键。为此,对人工智能方法辅助数据分析、微观尺度计算模拟、增材制造和材料处理改性等研究方向进行了分析展望,探索先进的金刚石钻头的磨损监测分析和调控方法,以期满足地质深部钻探和地外星系钻探等远程监控钻进的需求。

堇青石负载CuCo整体式催化剂的制备及其催化氧化甲苯性能

以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,采用浸渍法制备了CuCo整体式催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、XPS和H2-TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了Cu^(2+)与Co^(2+)的质量比(Cu/Co质量比)、活性组分负载量、煅烧温度对其催化氧化甲苯性能的影响。结果表明:部分Cu^(2+)取代Co^(2+)进入Co3O4形成Cu_(0.27)Co_(2.73)o_(4)尖晶石;整体式催化剂的最佳制备条件为Cu/Co质量比2∶1、活性组分负载量15%(w)、煅烧温度500℃;在空速为10000 h^(-1)、甲苯质量浓度为2000 mg/m^(3)的条件下,整体式催化剂催化氧化甲苯转化50%和90%时的温度分别为252℃和289℃。

预浸渍溶出物对巨尾桉机械浆漂白性能的影响

以巨尾桉热磨机械浆为研究对象,研究了3种化学品用量下(氢氧化钠10 kg/t、氢氧化钠30 kg/t、氢氧化钠10 kg/t+过氧化氢30 kg/t),3种预浸渍溶出物保留工艺对后续浆料漂白性能的影响。利用元素分析及裂解气质联用,比较了3种预浸渍溶出物的化学结构。结果表明,预浸渍处理浆的漂白性能均比桉木单段漂浆料漂白性能有较大提升,不同化学品用量预浸渍处理产生的预浸渍溶出物,在不同保留程度下,会对后续浆料的漂白性能有不同程度的负面作用。浆料中氮元素的溶出程度与浆料后续漂白性能的提升具有一定关联性。

电容屏破损缺陷局部放电过程规律特征及仿真分析

油纸电容式变压器套管因性能好、成本低而被广泛采用。当电容屏存在边缘破损工艺缺陷时易发生局部放电,进而会改变油纸绝缘性能,缩短套管使用寿命,严重时危及电网设备安全运行。为研究电容屏破损局部放电过程变化规律,明确放电发展阶段,该文搭建了缺陷套管放电实验模型分析局放过程中相位谱图、放电量等参数发展规律,并基于实验规律及流体漂移扩散理论、固体双极电荷传输理论,建立了末屏缺陷针板沿面放电过程仿真模型,结合仿真中电荷形态变化、放电时间及油纸界面电荷密度分布对电容屏破损放电过程进行阶段划分:放电初始阶段,铝箔尖端电荷聚集发生电晕放电;放电发展阶段,尖端处带电粒子在电场作用下向油纸发展,小部分达到油纸界面产生沿面放电;放电破坏阶段,经过长时间沿面放电进入油纸发生预击穿,电场强度更大使带电粒子能量更高,冲击油纸表面造成油纸表面纤维素断裂炭化形成通道。仿真结果与实验结论相对应,证明了仿真的有效性。该文的研究成果进一步阐明了油纸套管电容屏工艺缺陷局部放电的过程及机理。

制备方法对Pt-Sn-K-Mg/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂正十二烷脱氢性能的影响

以正十二烷脱氢反应为探针反应,采用顺序浸渍、乙醇共浸渍、盐酸共浸渍的方法制备了Pt-Sn-K-Mg/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂,并采用NH_(3)-TPD、CO脉冲吸附、H_(2)-TPR、准原位XPS等表征手段探究浸渍顺序和溶剂对催化剂构效关系的影响.结果表明,盐酸水溶液共浸渍的方法制备的催化剂表现出了最佳的初始活性和较好的稳定性.催化剂的弱酸性位点的增加有利于Pt的分散,从而提高催化性能.采用乙醇为溶剂的共浸渍方法更有利于PtSn间形成更强的相互作用生成更多的PtSn合金,这对初始活性不利,但对选择性影响较小.

孕镶金刚石钻头磨损机理研究

孕镶金刚石钻头通过钻头胎体的持续磨损实现金刚石的自锐和高效破岩。因此,研究金刚石钻头磨损的影响因素及其影响程度和影响机理,对孕镶金刚石钻头的设计和使用非常重要。本次研究探讨了岩石物理力学性质、钻头胎体性能和钻进工艺参数等因素对孕镶金刚石钻头磨损过程和磨损机理的影响。分析表明,对钻头磨损最为显著的影响因素是岩石中的硬质颗粒导致的磨粒磨损,其次是钻头胎体与岩粉之间的粘着磨损,以及冲洗液中岩粉颗粒导致的冲蚀磨损。在此基础上,以不同硬度的钻头胎体摩擦磨损试验结果为例,探讨了钻头胎体性能及其内部硬质点对钻头磨损的影响机理。该研究成果可为科学设计与合理使用孕镶金刚石钻头提供依据。

浸渍石墨材料在不同法向载荷下的磨损性能研究

研究不同摩擦体系下法向载荷对浸渍石墨的摩擦磨损特性的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜分别表征摩擦表面磨痕形貌、磨痕轮廓,对浸渍石墨与对偶球(GCr15钢球和Si_(3)N_(4)陶瓷球)的摩擦磨损情况与机制进行评估分析。结果表明:磨损痕迹随着施加载荷的增加而加深加宽,磨损率与法向载荷呈负相关,而摩擦因数、磨损体积则与法向载荷呈正相关;小载荷作用下石墨的磨损机制为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损,大载荷下则主要表现为黏着磨损、氧化磨损以及疲劳磨损;GCr15/石墨摩擦副相比于Si_(3)N_(4)/石墨摩擦副磨损率较低,在摩擦过程中形成完整、连续性更好的“第三体”转移膜减轻了磨损,对石墨基体起到保护作用。

不同配对副作用下浸渍石墨的磨损特性

采用球/平面的接触形式,分别使用GCr15钢球、Si_(3)N_(4)和Al_(2)O_(3)陶瓷球作为摩擦副,利用TRB 3摩擦试验机探究浸渍石墨的摩擦磨损性能.通过扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜分别对摩擦系数、磨损体积、磨痕轮廓及磨痕表面形貌进行表征分析,探究浸渍石墨在不同法向载荷作用下摩擦划痕和磨损特性,建立能量磨损模型探究磨损过程中接触状态的变化机制,预测磨损进程.结果表明:随着上试样硬度逐渐增大,小载荷时摩擦系数逐渐增大,大载荷时摩擦系数逐渐减小.不同摩擦副作用下,石墨表面磨痕轮廓较浅分别呈现类似“U”形、“V”形和“W”形轮廓,石墨与GCr15、Si_(3)N_(4)和Al_(2)O_(3)配对副之间的主要磨损机制为粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和轻微的氧化磨损,摩擦副表面间存在材料转移、剥落和犁沟现象.

印刷装饰纸透气度对浸渍胶膜纸饰面刨花板表面耐开裂性能的影响

对比研究了不同透气度印刷装饰纸,经相同浸渍、压贴工艺制成饰面刨花板的表面耐龟裂性能和表面耐冷热循环性能。结果表明,印刷装饰纸透气度(单位s/100 mL)数值越低,透气性能越好,相同工艺条件制备浸渍胶膜纸时上胶越容易,透气度为16.37 s/100 mL的样品比透气度为65.02 s/100 mL的浸胶量提高了8.4%。当印刷装饰纸透气度大于35 s/100 mL时,由其浸胶后饰面制得的饰面刨花板表面耐龟裂性能和耐冷热循环性能不合格率分别为87.5%和75.0%。

载银纳米TiO_(2)改性对橡胶木防霉性能的影响研究

通过抑菌圈法探究不同浓度梯度载银纳米二氧化钛抑菌防霉剂对桔青霉、黑曲霉、白腐菌、密粘褶菌的抑菌效果,优化最佳抑菌浓度,然后选用该浓度改性剂对橡胶木进行常压浸渍处理,探究改性剂对橡胶木的防霉改性效果,并进行防霉改性机理分析。结果表明:载银纳米二氧化钛对黑曲霉、白腐菌、密粘褶菌有明显抑菌效果,对桔青霉的抑菌效果较差。随着载银纳米二氧化钛浓度的增加,白腐菌、密粘褶菌、桔青霉的抑菌圈直径呈增大趋势,黑曲霉的抑菌圈直径呈先增加后呈略微降低趋势,并优化得出最佳的抑菌浓度为10mg/mL,此时白腐菌、密粘褶菌、桔青霉、黑曲霉的抑菌圈平均直径分别为26.60mm、27.00mm、19.56mm、26.55mm;橡胶木经10mg/mL载银纳米二氧化钛改性剂浸渍处理后对黑曲霉、白腐菌、密粘褶菌的防治效力达到100%,对桔青霉的防治效力可达到85%以上,实现优异的防霉改性效果。

浸渍石墨在陶瓷摩擦副下的摩擦腐蚀行为研究

研究不同介质环境中浸渍石墨的摩擦腐蚀特性,采用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜分别表征了表面磨痕形貌、磨痕轮廓和磨损体积,通过分析在纯水与海水中的开路电位、极化曲线与电化学阻抗图及其相关参数,对浸渍石墨与2种陶瓷对偶球的摩擦磨损情况与机理进行评估分析.结果表明:浸渍石墨与陶瓷球Si_(3)N_(4)相对摩擦时自腐蚀电流密度更低,容抗弧度与相位角较大,极化电阻值更高,具有更好的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性.随着载荷的增大,开路电位负移耐腐蚀性增强.纯水中石墨磨损表面存在明显的犁沟现象,以摩擦磨损为主.海水中腐蚀产物与磨屑混合在接触表面形成转移膜,表现较为光滑.摩擦过程中磨损体积、摩擦耗散能与载荷呈正相关性,而磨损率与载荷呈负相关性.海水中黏着现象较为明显,伴有磨粒磨损和轻微的氧化磨损.纯水中接触区以磨粒磨损为主,伴有轻微的黏着磨损和疲劳磨损.