To solve the drawback of the present electionic cash (E-cash) schemes that the size of bank's transcripts database expands without bound, the concept of validity duration of E-cash is introduced in this paper. Thr...To solve the drawback of the present electionic cash (E-cash) schemes that the size of bank's transcripts database expands without bound, the concept of validity duration of E-cash is introduced in this paper. Through improving the users' blind transforms of Brands' scheme, we design an efficient off-line E-cash system based on the restrictive blind signature and representation problem. The security analysis shows that the users can not forge a valid electronic coin or double spend it, in addition, the bank can not trace an honest users' payment behaviours. In compare with Brand's scheme, our scheme reduces storage costs and computation overhead of the users and the banks. Most of all, the electronic cashes will be authorized within a limit period only, the size of bank's transcripts database becomes controllable. Key words E-cash - restrictive blind signature - validity duration - non-trivial representation - double spending CLC number TP 309.2 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90104033)Biography: Peng Bing (1972-), male, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: information security, electronic payment and modern cryptography.展开更多
Some studies have suggested that early surgical treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality, but no research has focused on the development of a prog...Some studies have suggested that early surgical treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality, but no research has focused on the development of a prognostic model of cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality. This retrospective analysis included 43 patients with cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality. Seven potential factors were assessed: age, sex, external force strength causing damage, duration of disease, degree of cervical spinal stenosis, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and physiological cervical curvature. A model was established using multiple binary logistic regression analysis. The model was evaluated by concordant profiling and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Bootstrapping was used for internal validation. The prognostic model was as follows: logit(P) =-25.4545 + 21.2576 VALUE + 1.2160SCORE-3.4224 TIME, where VALUE refers to the Pavlov ratio indicating the extent of cervical spinal stenosis, SCORE refers to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score(0–17) after the operation, and TIME refers to the disease duration(from injury to operation). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for all patients was 0.8941(95% confidence interval, 0.7930–0.9952). Three factors assessed in the predictive model were associated with patient outcomes: a great extent of cervical stenosis, a poor preoperative neurological status, and a long disease duration. These three factors could worsen patient outcomes. Moreover, the disease prognosis was considered good when logit(P) ≥-2.5105. Overall, the model displayed a certain clinical value. This study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China(approval number: 2018063) on May 8, 2018.展开更多
文摘To solve the drawback of the present electionic cash (E-cash) schemes that the size of bank's transcripts database expands without bound, the concept of validity duration of E-cash is introduced in this paper. Through improving the users' blind transforms of Brands' scheme, we design an efficient off-line E-cash system based on the restrictive blind signature and representation problem. The security analysis shows that the users can not forge a valid electronic coin or double spend it, in addition, the bank can not trace an honest users' payment behaviours. In compare with Brand's scheme, our scheme reduces storage costs and computation overhead of the users and the banks. Most of all, the electronic cashes will be authorized within a limit period only, the size of bank's transcripts database becomes controllable. Key words E-cash - restrictive blind signature - validity duration - non-trivial representation - double spending CLC number TP 309.2 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90104033)Biography: Peng Bing (1972-), male, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: information security, electronic payment and modern cryptography.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30672136(to HPL)
文摘Some studies have suggested that early surgical treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality, but no research has focused on the development of a prognostic model of cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality. This retrospective analysis included 43 patients with cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality. Seven potential factors were assessed: age, sex, external force strength causing damage, duration of disease, degree of cervical spinal stenosis, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and physiological cervical curvature. A model was established using multiple binary logistic regression analysis. The model was evaluated by concordant profiling and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Bootstrapping was used for internal validation. The prognostic model was as follows: logit(P) =-25.4545 + 21.2576 VALUE + 1.2160SCORE-3.4224 TIME, where VALUE refers to the Pavlov ratio indicating the extent of cervical spinal stenosis, SCORE refers to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score(0–17) after the operation, and TIME refers to the disease duration(from injury to operation). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for all patients was 0.8941(95% confidence interval, 0.7930–0.9952). Three factors assessed in the predictive model were associated with patient outcomes: a great extent of cervical stenosis, a poor preoperative neurological status, and a long disease duration. These three factors could worsen patient outcomes. Moreover, the disease prognosis was considered good when logit(P) ≥-2.5105. Overall, the model displayed a certain clinical value. This study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China(approval number: 2018063) on May 8, 2018.
