Evaluation of the water conservation function in the Ili River Delta of Central Asia based on the InVEST model

The Ili River Delta(IRD)is an ecological security barrier for the Lake Balkhash and an important water conservation area in Central Asia.In this study,we selected the IRD as a typical research area,and simulated the water yield and water conservation from 1975 to 2020 using the water yield module of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model.We further analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in the water yield and water conservation in the IRD from 1975 to 2020,and investigated the main driving factors(precipitation,potential evapotranspiration,land use/land cover change,and inflow from the Ili River)of the water conservation variation based on the linear regression,piecewise linear regression,and Pearson's correlation coefficient analyses.The results indicated that from 1975 to 2020,the water yield and water conservation in the IRD showed a decreasing trend,and the spatial distribution pattern was"high in the east and low in the west";overall,the water conservation of all land use types decreased slightly.The water conservation volume of grassland was the most reduced,although the area of grassland increased owing to the increased inflow from the Ili River.At the same time,the increased inflow has led to the expansion of wetland areas,the improvement of vegetation growth,and the increase of regional evapotranspiration,thus resulting in an overall reduction in the water conservation.The water conservation depth and precipitation had similar spatial distribution patterns;the change in climate factors was the main reason for the decline in the water conservation function in the delta.The reservoir in the upper reaches of the IRD regulated runoff into the Lake Balkhash,promoted vegetation restoration,and had a positive effect on the water conservation;however,this positive effect cannot offset the negative effect of enhanced evapotranspiration.These results provide a reference for the rational allocation of water resources and ecosystem protection in the IRD.

Evaluation and Quantitative Attribution Analysis of Water Yield Services in the Peak-cluster Depression Basins in Southwest of Guangxi,China

Karst environmental issues have become one of the hot spots in contemporary international geological research. The same problem of water shortage is one of the hot spots of global concern. The peak-cluster depression basins in southwest of Guangxi is an important water connotation and ecological barrier areas in the Pearl River Basin of China. Thus, studying the spatial and temporal variations and the influencing factors of its water yield services is critical to achieve the sustainable development of water resources and ecological environmental protection in this region. As such, this paper uses the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST) model to assess the spatial and temporal variabilities of water yield services and its trends in the peak-cluster depression basins in southwest of Guangxi from 2000 to 2020. This work also integrates precipitation(Pre), reference evapotranspiration(ET), temperature(Tem), digital elevation model(DEM), slope, normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), land use/land cover(LULC) and soil type to reveal the main factors that influence water yield services with the help of Geodetector. Results show that: 1) in time scale,the total annual water yield in the study area show a fluctuating and increasing trend from 2000 to 2020, with a growth rate of 7.3753 × 10^(8)m^(3)/yr, and its multi-year average water yield was 538.07 mm;2) in spatial pattern, with high yield areas mainly distributed in the south of the study area(mainly including Shangsi County, Pingxiang City, Ningming County, Longzhou County and Jingxi County), and low yield areas mainly distributed in Baise City and Nanning City;3) the dominant factor of water yield within karst and non-karst landforms is not necessarily controlled by precipitation, and the explanation degree of DEM factors in karst areas is significantly higher than that in non-karst areas;4) amongst the climatic factors, Pre, ET and Tem are dominant in the spatial pattern of region water yield capacity. among which Pre has the highest explanatory power for the spatial heterogeneity of annual water production, with q values above0.8, and each driver showed a significant interaction on the spatial distribution of water yield, with Pre exhibiting the strongest interaction with LULC.

Estimating the value of a statistical life in China: A contingent valuation study in six representative cities

The value of a statistical life(VSL)is a crucial tool for monetizing health impacts.To explore the VSL in China,this study examines people’s willingness to pay(WTP)to reduce death risk from air pollution in six representative cities in China based on face-to-face contingent valuation interviews(n=3936)from March 7,2019 to September 30,2019.The results reveal that the WTP varied from CNY 455 to 763 in 2019(USD 66-111),corresponding to a VSL range of CNY 3.79-6.36 million(USD 549395-921940).The VSL in China in 2019 is estimated to be CNY 4.76 million(USD 689659).The statistics indicate that monthly expenditure levels,environmental concerns,risk attitudes,and assumed market acceptance,which have seldom been dis‐cussed in previous studies,significantly impact WTP and VSL.These findings will serve as a reference for ana‐lyzing mortality risk reduction benefits in future research and for policymaking.

Mass Valuation of Unimproved Land Value Case Study: Nairobi County

The purpose of this study is to investigate mass valuation of unimproved land value using machine learning techniques. The study was conducted in Nairobi County. It is one of the 47 Kenyan Counties under the 2010 constitution. A total of 1440 geocoded data points containing the market selling price of vacant land in Nairobi were web scraped from major property listing websites. These data points were adopted as dependent variables given as unit price of vacant land per square meter. The Covariates used in this study were categorized into Accessibility, Environmental, Physical and Socio-Economic Factors. Due to multi-collinearity problem present in the covariates, PLS and PCA methods were adopted to transform the observed features using a set of vectors. These methods resulted in an uncorrelated set of components that were used in training machine learning algorithms. The dependent variable and uncorrelated components derived feature reduction methods were used as training data for training different machine learning regression models namely;Random forest, support vector regression and extreme gradient boosting regression (XGboost regression). PLS performed better than PCA because the former maximizes the covariance between dependent and independent variables while the latter maximizes variance between the independent variables only and ignores the relationship between predictors and response. The first 9 components were identified as significant both by PLS and PCA methods. The spatial distribution of vacant land value within Nairobi County was consistent for all the three machine learning models. It was also noted that the land value pattern was higher in the central business district and the pattern spread northwards and westwards relative to the CBD. A relative low vacant land value pattern was observed on the eastern side of the county and also at the extreme periphery of Nairobi County boundary. From the accuracy metrics of R-squared and MAPE, Random Forest Regression model performed better than XGBoost and SVR models. This confirms the capability of random forest model to predict valid estimates of vacant land value for purposes of property taxation in Nairobi County.

Economic Valuation of Auctioned Tourist Hunting Blocks in Tanzania

Economic valuation of ecosystems is increasingly being recognized as an important exercise to inform sustainable utilization and conservation of natural assets. It helps in planning and establishing fair profit margins that accrue either directly or indirectly from the consumptive and non-consumptive uses of ecosystem goods and services. This paper is based on a study which estimated the economic values of tourist hunting blocks (HBs) in Tanzania using the Analytic Multicriteria Valuation Method (AMUVAM). The study used a sample size of 12 out of 24 vacant hunting blocks which were to be auctioned to potential hunting companies in December 2022. The economic values of HBs were estimated using the time horizon of 10 years (the mean tenure for winning company). The results show that the economic values ranged from USD 6,215,588 to USD 653,470,695 per hunting block and the Existence Value (EV) constituted about 19% of the Total Economic Value (TEV). EV ranged from USD 632,210 to USD 125,147,285. The study underscores the need for decisions to allocate ecosystems, such as HBs, to both direct and indirect uses, to be guided by a though understanding of their values. We further recommend building the capacity of staff charged with the role of managing and allocating uses of these ecosystems to enable them undertake economic valuation of ecosystems using both simple and more robust analytical tools, such as the GIS, relational databases, and worldwide websites based tools, like InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs), ARIES (Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services), and Co$ting Nature.

黄河口泥沙的治理实践与评价

基于1855年以来黄河口的来沙量及其不同时期河口泥沙的输移分布特征,从入海流路、防洪安全、下游河道淤积和航道建设等4个方面对黄河口泥沙的灾害效应进行了论证分析。在总结黄河口泥沙治理历史的基础上,从防洪工程体系建设、强化河口河段泄洪排沙能力、减少河口来沙等3个方面对20世纪70年代中期以来黄河口所采取的泥沙处理对策进行了概括总结。结合国内外相关典型河口泥沙的治理经验和发展态势,从水沙关系调控、入海流路格局优化、利用海洋动力输沙和泥沙资源化利用等方面提出了今后黄河口泥沙的治理方向和主要策略。

基于因素计分法的行政职能科室岗位设置与层级管理实践

目的对地市级公立医院行政职能科室的岗位设置和层级管理机制进行研究,以明确岗位权责,体现岗位价值差异,激活行政职能科室职工干事创业活力。方法基于因素计分法,通过问卷调查、走访座谈、观察追踪和文献检索等方式核定岗位和筛选岗位价值评价要素。通过德尔菲法、层次分析法,建立岗位评价模型,研究岗位设置、岗位价值评价、层级划分等岗位管理工作。结果明确了行政职能科室岗位职责和岗位数量,推进了岗位的分层分级管理。结论基于因素计分法构建的岗位评价模型可以为岗位设置、层级划分、绩效分配等工作提供科学理论依据。

基于空间距离效应的青岛市浒苔治理支付意愿研究

支付意愿的空间属性是影响环境物品估值效度的主要因素之一,忽略对空间距离的考量可能导致最终资源环境物品或服务的货币估值产生偏差。文章以青岛市海域浒苔灾害为研究对象,使用条件价值评估法,构建支付意愿函数模型,测算受访者距青岛市海边的距离,探索浒苔治理支付意愿是否存在距离衰减现象;通过划分不同的距离区,测算不同距离区内公众浒苔治理支付意愿,最终汇总得出浒苔治理带来的经济价值。研究结果显示:公众浒苔治理支付意愿“距离衰减”效应明显,距离海边较近的公众倾向于为治理浒苔支付较高的金额;青岛市浒苔治理总经济价值为9.84亿元/a;不考虑距离衰减效应最终导致浒苔治理经济价值的高估达27.03%。研究结论可为空间尺度上的非市场价值评估提供新的研究思路和科学参考,不仅提高了条件价值评估法估值结果的有效性,也提供了更加精准的青岛市浒苔治理经济价值估值。

推进幸福体育课程模式实施的价值意蕴、面临问题与多元途径

幸福体育课程模式是深化体育课程改革的必然选择,是体育课程一体化精准实施的具体范式。当前,幸福体育课程模式仍处于理论初创与实践探索阶段,在该课程模式有效实施方面面临着诸多问题和挑战。体育是为健康还是为健康而幸福的人生的认识问题亟待统一;幸福体育课程模式在体育课堂如何呈现问题需要明确;幸福体育课程模式的协调发展和协同推进问题需要重点把握。有效推进幸福体育课程模式需要系统性地整体规划和精准有效地实施。从教师的角度,需要全面提升实施能力;从课程系统性变革的角度,需要整体布局并形成合力;从课堂教学的角度,需要把握学生的真实感受;从课内外体育联动协同角度,需要有明确的分工和相互的协同。

论增值税法上的估价规定

增值税立法从交易定性转而重视交易定量,是增值税立法的现代化发展。增值税法上的视同销售、反避税规定、法律的拟制性规定等需要进行估价,参考英国和澳大利亚等国家的立法技术,在我国增值税法上引进资产评估技术是一种极佳的立法选择。

铁路数据资产流通价值下数据资产定价

随着大数据技术的发展,数据作为生产要素在经济中起到关键作用,企业逐渐开始利用大数据通过各种方式赋能,以求能给企业带来更大利益。交通是经济建设的“先行官”,铁路是交通体系的重要一环,其积累的大量数据资源具有极高的应用价值。铁路信息数据化的底层逻辑是通过对数据的开发和对数据进行二次分析,将数据跨行业、跨系统传递利用,从而推动数据价值的增值。本文结合铁路数据动态性复杂、保密性强等特点,挖掘铁路数据资产定价的影响因素,通过对传统定价方法进行改进,结合AHP分析法构建出更切合实际的铁路数据资产价值评估模型。

选择实验视角下塑料污染治理的农业生态价值评估——来自黑、豫、浙、粤、川五省的经验证据

塑料为农业生产带来了极大的便利,但其废弃物的不当管理也造成了严重的环境问题。为了科学评估塑料污染治理的农业生态价值,合理确定污染治理措施的优先序,优化塑料污染治理投入资源配置,论文设计了一个包括源头减量、回收利用、清理整治与价格等属性的选择实验,以黑、豫、浙、粤、川5省487份调研数据为例,利用条件Logit模型测算塑料污染治理的边际支付意愿与塑料污染治理价值的补偿剩余。研究表明:(1)受访农业居民在塑料污染治理特征属性上的偏好为:源头减量>清理整治>回收利用,其支付意愿分别为:32.79元/人、25.27元/人、15.78元/人;(2)通过补偿剩余测算,为解决塑料污染治理难题,受访农业居民污染治理支付意愿为147.68元/人。应逐步构建起“减量化—再利用—资源化”的塑料污染全生命周期治理体系,优先考虑源头减量和清理整治方面的治理措施。

高校高价值专利技术机会识别研究——以“生成式人工智能”领域为例

提出一种高校高价值专利技术机会识别方法,使用主题建模、突变级数法、机器学习与离群值检测算法,在评估出高校高价值专利的基础上,进一步识别出具有潜在技术机会的技术主题与专利技术。以“生成式人工智能”领域为例进行实证,研究结果表明:“生成式人工智能”领域的潜在技术主题集中在深度学习、神经网络与机器学习等前沿领域,AI影像、AI诊疗等技术为该领域的潜在技术机会,且上述技术均有国家相关政策大力支撑。本研究方法突破了单一技术机会识别方法识别结果针对性不强、识别专利价值不大、识别结果形式较为单一等核心问题,相关识别结果可以为高校技术转移、技术研发与技术创新提供决策支撑。

论股权估价之法律介入与公平价格判断

我国《公司法》区分设置了股权收购请求权与股权估价请求权。实践中,异议股东估价请求权是一种显性的权利,而在股份回购、夫妻股权分割、替代司法解散公司的股权转让等领域,另有隐性的估价请求权。估价请求权内含了对公平价格的要求,意图达成权利人与股权受让方的权益平衡。在对股权进行估价时,不能简单依靠会计准则或资产评估,还应当兼顾股权的成员权和财产权的双重属性。公平价格的判断应当关注股权估价的前提、假设与形成过程。其中,计算意定价格需要考虑显失公平制度与基准日提前的补充调整方法,并遵守《公司法》关于股东不得抽逃出资和利润分配等强制性规定,不能当然转化为对其他股东而言的公平价格。在缺少意定价格而采用通行估价方法时,人民法院应当明确净资产法、市场比较法、现金流量贴现法等估价方法的适用条件,并结合流动性因素对少数股权折价问题分情况予以讨论。

考虑消费者换购行为的全渠道零售商退货策略

文章考虑线上消费者跨渠道退货时存在的换购行为,建立全渠道零售商实施同渠道退货策略和全渠道退货策略时的线上及线下渠道定价模型,研究零售商的退货策略选择及其对最优定价的影响。研究结果表明,在消费者线上退货麻烦成本较高的情形下,全渠道退货策略的实施有效地提升了线上市场及线下市场的最优定价,但该策略的实施可能对线上及线下市场产生需求减少效应。零售商的退货策略选择受如下因素影响:当消费者的线上退货麻烦成本、产品匹配率较高时,全渠道退货策略的引流作用凸显,该策略成为零售商的占优策略;而对零售商而言,线上及线下渠道较高的运营效率能给零售商带来成本优势,使得全渠道退货策略占优。

共有网络平台账号的分割与价值评估——以黄某与陈某同居关系析产纠纷为例

网络平台账号不仅包含用户名和密码的数字组合,也包含了各种数据、人身利益和财产利益。网络平台账号基于网络平台与用户签订服务合同而产生;用户通过账号和密码对网络平台账号进行排他使用,并通过粉丝打赏和直播带货等方式获得收益。网络平台账号内发布的内容多是用户创作的作品,属于智力成果;账号内的粉丝对于用户具有依赖性。因此,作为虚拟财产的共有网络平台账号与网络游戏装备、加密虚拟货币等虚拟财产不同,其法律属性是一种新型权利,除具有物权、债权、知识产权的权利属性外,还具有人格属性。多人共有的网络平台账号具有分割的可能性。对于具有人格属性的共有网络平台账号,当注册者与运营者不同时,分割应以保留网络平台账号的最大价值为原则,考虑粉丝群体的情感投入和网络平台账号继续经营问题,将网络平台账号分割给实际运营者,并对注册者予以价值补偿。网络平台账号的价值构成要素应包括账号的创建成本、运营成本、粉丝打赏收入、直播带货收入以及广告运营收入等。对网络平台账号的价值评估可以采用成本法、市场法和收益法的有机结合,同时可以吸收网络平台规则,采用大数据等技术手段确保评估结果的相对准确性。司法鉴定机构可以联合网络平台构建虚拟财产价值评估体系,充分参考网络平台的价值评估意见,以确保司法裁判的准确性和公正性。

高校以知识产权作价投资实现成果转化的思考

科学技术是第一生产力,高校以知识产权作价投资实现成果转化意义重大。通过从高校以知识产权作价投资实现成果转化的研究背景、意义,高校知识产权作价投资的方式、面临的问题和提升对策展开论述,指出了知识产权评估难度大,国有资产管理的制约,合作机制不成熟、融资风险大,法律法规不完善、管理体制不健全等四方面存在的问题,并提出了加强知识产权的保护和管理,提高知识产权的转化效率,加强人才队伍建设,加强产学研合作、寻求多元化的资金支持,完善相关法律法规和政策体系,加强国际合作与交流,建立健全的监督与评估机制等七方面的具体对策。

乡村体育资源价值化的现实困境与突围路径

随着乡村振兴战略的深入实施,乡村体育资源的价值化已成为促进乡村经济、文化和社会发展的重要途径。为此,该文采用文献资料法等研究方法,以乡村体育资源价值化的意义体现为切入点,分析了乡村体育资源价值化的现实困境,包括资源分布不均、开发利用不足、缺乏专业人才等。在此基础上,又提出了乡村体育资源价值化的突围路径,包括优化资源配置、加强体育设施建设、培养专业人才等,旨在为乡村体育资源的价值化提供理论支持和实践指导。

工程总承包项目合同类型与计价方式协同研究——基于项目治理的视角

合同类型是建设项目治理研究的关键维度,影响着项目风险分配和激励强度。不同类型合同匹配相适应的计价方式,是防范工程结算争议的前提条件。首先系统总结合同类型与计价方式的理论和实践现状,剖析两者割裂的深层次原因;其次,提出区分项目投资来源、不同管理需求和相关主体成熟度选择适用的合同类型,在此基础上,通过对费率计价和项目清单计价的特点、适用性进行分析,明确各费用项目采用不同计价类型时与之相协同的计价方式;最后,基于项目治理的视角提出合同类型与计价方式协同实践的三项优化建议。

基于ITCM-CVM-IPA的文化遗产旅游地游憩价值评估与游客感知因素分析——以沈阳故宫为例

评估文化遗产旅游地游憩价值和深入分析游客感知因素,可促进旅游地资源合理开发与持续发展。以文化遗产旅游地沈阳故宫为例,通过ITCM(Individual Travel Cost Method)和CVM(Contingent Valuation Method)对其游憩价值进行评估,将游客感知因素根据IPA(Important-Performance Analysis)矩阵与IPA指数进行分析。结果表明:文化遗产旅游地沈阳故宫使用价值>非使用价值,游憩非使用价值中,遗产价值>存在价值>选择价值;在IPA分析中,游客预期与实际旅游体验差距较小。