Value Estimation of Greenhouse Gases Exchange in Wetland Ecosystem of Sanjiang Plain,China

The objective of this study is to quantify the values of greenhouse gases(GHGs) exchange in carbon equivalents of marshes and paddy fields in the Sanjiang Plain,Heilongjiang Province,China. We obtained the GHGs exchange values based on comparable price by calculating the carbon sequestration values and the GHGs emission values of marshes and paddy fields respectively in four periods of 1982,1995,2000 and 2005. It is noted that the GHGs emission values are always negative. In this study,the marshes areas decreased from 1438977.0 to 775,132.2ha and the paddy fields areas increased from 417195.8 to 934205.0ha. The values of GHGs exchange of marshes varied from 135877.156×106 to 136882.534×106 yuan(RMB) and those of paddy fields varied from 1006.256×106 to 2767.645×106 yuan. The GHGs exchange values of marshes decreased from 1982 to 2005 on the whole,reversely,those of paddy fields increased,but those in 2005 were lower than those in 2000. In different periods,the GHGs exchange values were always higher in marshes than in paddy fields. The contribution rate of GHGs exchange values per unit area of marshes was also very high in different periods,and the maximum was up to 98.35% in 2005. As far as the whole wetland ecosystem(including marshes and paddy fields) ,assuming a linear change in GHGs exchange values,it represented a cumulative increase of 20926.757×106 yuan from 1982 to 2005. By adding GHGs exchange values increased during those four periods,we obtained a cumulative net increase values of GHGs exchange of wetland ecosystem of 18200.860×106 yuan. The results will be useful for understanding the indirect services provided by marshes and paddy fields.

On the Coalitional Rationality and the Egalitarian Nonseparable Contribution

In earlier works we introduced the Inverse Problem, relative to the Shapley Value, then relative to Semivalues. In the explicit representation of the Inverse Set, the solution set of the Inverse Problem, we built a family of games, called the almost null family, in which we determined more recently a game where the Shapley Value and the Egalitarian Allocations are colalitional rational. The Egalitarian Nonseparable Contribution is another value for cooperative transferable utilities games (TU games), showing how to allocate fairly the win of the grand coalition, in case that this has been formed. In the present paper, we solve the similar problem for this new value: given a nonnegative vector representing the Egalitarian Nonseparable Contribution of a TU game, find out a game in which the Egalitarian Nonseparable Contribution is kept the same, but it is colalitional rational. The new game will belong to the family of almost null games in the Inverse Set, relative to the Shapley Value, and it is proved that the threshold of coalitional rationality will be higher than the one for the Shapley Value. The needed previous results are shown in the introduction, the second section is devoted to the main results, while in the last section are discussed remarks and connected problems. Some numerical examples are illustrating the procedure of finding the new game.

Evaluating agricultural water-use efficiency based on water footprint of crop values: a case study in Xinjiang of China

Efficient agricultural water use is crucial for food safety and water conservation on a global scale. To quantitatively investigate the agricultural water-use efficiency in regions exhibiting the complex agricultural structure, this study developed an indicator named water footprint of crop values(WFV) that is based on the water footprint of crop production. Defined as the water volume used to produce a unit price of crop(m^3/CNY), the new indicator makes it feasible to directly compare the water footprint of different crops from an economic perspective, so as to comprehensively evaluate the water-use efficiency under the complex planting structure. On the basis of WFV, the study further proposed an indicator of structural water-use coefficient(SWUC), which is represented by the ratio of water-use efficiency for a given planting structure to the water efficiency for a reference crop and can quantitatively describe the impact of planting structure on agricultural water efficiency. Then, a case study was implemented in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The temporal and spatial variations of WFV were assessed for the planting industries in 14 prefectures and cities of Xinjiang between 1991 and 2015. In addition, contribution rate analysis of WFV for different prefectures and cities was conducted to evaluate the variations of WFV caused by different influencing factors: agricultural input, climatic factors, and planting structure. Results from these analyses indicated first that the average WFV of planting industries in Xinjiang significantly decreased from 0.293 m^3/CNY in 1991 to 0.153 m^3/CNY in 2015, corresponding to an average annual change rate of –3.532%. WFV in 13 prefectures and cities(with the exception of Karamay) has declined significantly during the period of 1991–2015, indicating that agricultural water-use efficient has effectively improved. Second, the average SWUC in Xinjiang decreased from 1.17 to 1.08 m^3/CNY in the 1990 s, and then declined to 1.00 m^3/CNY in 2011–2015. The value of SWUC was highly consistent with the relative value of WFV in most prefectures and cities, showing that planting structure is one of the primary factors affecting regional agricultural water-use efficiency. Third, the contribution rate of WFV variations from human factors including agricultural input and planting structure was much more significant than that from climatic factors. However, the distribution of agricultural input and the adjustment of planting structure significantly differed among prefectures and cities, suggesting regional imbalances of agricultural development. This study indicated the feasibility and effectiveness of controlling agricultural water use through increasing technical input and rational selection of crops in the face of impending climate change. Specifically, we concluded that, the rational application of chemical fertilizers, the development of the fruit industry, and the strict restriction of the cotton industry should be implemented to improve the agricultural water-use efficiency in Xinjiang.

新增医疗服务价格项目管理政策回顾、实施难点及建议

比较各地新增医疗服务价格项目管理方案和主要做法,发现各地新增价格项目受理未区分难度、消耗和缓急,未明确绿色通道和加收情形;新增价格项目将耗材打包收费,难以客观体现技术劳务与设备物耗贡献;新增医疗服务价格项目要素不统一,影响区域间医院价格管理效果评价;新增价格项目成本测算表构成与计算口径各异,影响区域间数据的比较;价格政策执行情况检查结果与新增价格项目管理之间缺乏有效协同衔接。建议整合现行政策文件,出台国家新增医疗服务价格项目管理指导意见;公立医院要响应临床需求,加强新增价格项目申报、成本测算、执行情况管理,促进医疗技术创新发展和临床应用。

“混合学街”的样态表征、实践价值与政策贡献

“混合学街”是温州市第二职业中等专业学校首创的职业院校混合所有制办学新模式,其样态表征体现在三个方面:基础在“混合”、关键在“治理”、核心在“育人”。对“混合学街”的实践探索深化了产教融合、优化了产教资源的合理配置、推动了职业学校高质量发展,不仅为混合所有制办学政策创新提供了典型模式、路径方法,也为混合所有制办学政策创新增添了勇气信心。

新时代化工类应用型高校劳动教育的价值考量与实践路径

化工类应用型高校应深刻理解新时代劳动教育聚焦立德树人、科技创新、人才队伍的时代内涵,把准劳动教育的时代定位、价值追求、实践发展的内在逻辑,分析劳动教育内在的价值意蕴和使命愿景,在此基础上形成以全面发展把握价值共识、科技创新满足内在要求、人才驱动紧扣现实需要的实践路径,在区域现代化进程中实现创新发展。

不同种类道路沥青材料异味特征及析源分析

随着我国社会经济逐渐向绿色可持续转型,沥青路面铺筑过程中的异味污染成为不可忽视的环境问题。本研究针对八种不同的道路沥青材料使用过程中产生的挥发性物质,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)和气体检测仪进行定性与定量分析。在此基础上,结合异味阈值计算各物质异味活度值(OAV),通过异味活度值加和(SOAV)的方法对沥青异味进行分析,并对异味污染物中各组分及其异味贡献进行进一步的析源工作。研究结果表明,沥青挥发物的浓度与异味活度值加和并没有完全的正相关关系,胶粉改性沥青挥发物浓度及异味活度值加和相较于其他沥青均有显著提高。对八种不同种类道路沥青材料异味特征进行分析得出:六种组分对沥青异味的产生有贡献,其中,苯系物、醛类以及硫化氢对沥青异味的贡献较大,烯烃类以及酮类是胶粉改性沥青挥发物中特有的异味贡献组分。

红色文化融入高校思政教育的价值与路径研究

红色文化是在中国共产党领导下,中华民族在艰苦奋斗的革命岁月和社会主义建设进程中形成的极具中国特色的先进文化,是中华优秀传统文化的关键组成部分。将红色文化融入高校思政教育既是有效破解文化发展困境,巩固主流文化意识形态的重大举措,也顺应了新时代中国特色社会主义文化发展趋势。然而,红色文化融入高校思想政治教育还存在意识、传播与教学困境,应从红色文化与高校思政教育的内在关联入手,对高校思政教育中融入红色文化的功能进行考量,探究红色文化融入的价值意义,提出解决红色文化融入高校思政教育意识、传播与教学困境的措施,以推动高校思政教育的创新改革,实现立德树人的教育任务。

网络嵌入、社会责任贡献与价值创造——基于黑龙江生物产业集群企业的实证研究

在当今的互联网和大数据时代,企业已不再单纯地以一种独立的方式去创造价值,而是以网络化的方式来寻求自身的发展。以网络嵌入理论为基础,引入社会责任贡献作为中介变量,构建网络嵌入(结构嵌入、关系嵌入)对产业集群企业价值创造的影响机制模型。以黑龙江生物产业集群企业为研究对象,采用实地调研与问卷调查相结合的方法进行论证,结果表明:网络嵌入与企业的价值创造具有明显的正相关性,而企业的社会责任贡献是其中一个重要的中介变量。这为黑龙江产业集群中的企业如何提升自身价值创造能力提供了一定的启示,即通过增大企业的社会责任贡献,加深其在产业集群中的嵌入程度,更进一步的创造价值。

毛泽东思想对“两个结合”的理论探索及时代价值

“两个结合”的历史进程贯穿于马克思主义的传播和马克思主义中国化发展的历史进程中。以“两个结合”推进马克思主义中国化时代化的探索,始于以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人的实践。毛泽东思想中蕴含着“两个结合”的开拓性贡献和确定性经验。其中关于“结合什么,为什么要结合,怎样结合”的创造性探索与实践,揭示并验证了“两个结合”理论的核心要义与正向演进,展示了“两个结合”推动马克思主义中国化时代化发展的内在机理、学理依据及其实现路径。新时代持续推进马克思主义中国化时代化发展,必须坚持在党的领导下不断丰富发展“两个结合”;坚持与时俱进,科学把握中国实际;坚持实事求是,谋求“两个结合”创新发展。

计及参与成本贡献的用户侧云储能服务及其纳什议价模型

为了解决以共享经济概念为基础的云储能服务中用户与运营商之间的成本贡献及收益分配问题,提出了计及参与成本贡献的用户侧云储能服务及其纳什议价模型,对运营商独立投资的集中式云储能服务进行定价。在所述服务框架中,运营商优先对充放电需求互补的用户交换电能,再通过充放电或购售电来满足总体的净充放电需求;然后,采用Shapley值法为用户分配储能损耗贡献度,并综合考虑用户的新能源余量能量互济率及虚拟储能利用率,对分配结果改进,以进一步刻画用户服务费的差异性;最后,求解计及用户成本贡献的纳什议价模型,计算各用户的服务费。算例结果表明:所提方法减小了储能充放电损耗及总体用能成本,并提升了新能源消纳率;且改进Shapley值法的分配结果促进了用户将新能源余量上网及按需租赁虚拟储能。同时,纳什议价模型在保证用户服务费差异合理的前提下,兼顾了用户群体和运营商之间的利益诉求,促进了双方合作。

一种基于双链的区块链共识机制

共识机制是区块链系统的核心技术,目前针对“非币”区块链系统提出的基于贡献值证明与工作量证明(Po C+Po W)的共识机制存在共识效率较低、可靠性和安全性不高、算力消耗大的缺点。提出一种新的基于双链的共识机制CON_DC_PBFT。在该共识机制中设计一种业务链-系统链双链结构,将贡献值等系统数据和主要业务数据分离到双链中各自完成共识处理,双链的共识表现为半独立的形式,业务链共识消息流受系统链监督协调,并且系统链根据贡献值随机指定业务链的记账节点,双链的分工与协同实现并行化和流水化,改善共识的效率。由于贡献值数据不能被轻易获取,通过拜占庭通信机制和节点随机选择算法,降低节点遭受攻击和系统停滞的风险。通过实验综合分析出块选择概率、单点故障率、节点数、区块传输速率、CPU使用率对共识机制的性能影响,结果表明,与Po C+Po W机制相比,CON_DC_PBFT共识机制节省了50%以上内存、存储资源占用,在综合共识时延上有30%以上的改善。

An Analysis on the Ecological Value and Contribution of Agriculture in Tianjin City

Agriculture has both economic value and non-economic value. The calculation of the non-economic value of agriculture has become a research hotspot in academic circles. This paper divides the value of agriculture into products production value and ecological value, and adopts an authoritative ecological value calculation idea, i.e. the method proposed by Costanza et al. in 1997 as the basis to calculate the ecological value of agriculture. However, the study has come under heavy criticism：for example, some data have major deviation, underestimating the ecological value of cultivated land while overestimating the wetland. XIE Gaodi et al. in 2003 came up with more reliable results to make up for the deifciency of the methods from Costanza et al. Referring to some of the results and on the basis of a questionnaire survey to 200 Chinese ecologists, this paper presented an equivalent factor table for evaluating the ecological service value （ESV） of China’s ecosystem. Based on this table and the practical situation of Tianjin, the paper formulates an applicable calculation method for ecological value and actual y calculates the ecological value of agriculture in Tianjin with ofifcial statistics. The results show that the actual value of the ecological value of agriculture in Tianjin in 2012 was 111.20 bil ion CNY, about triple of the economic value of agriculture （37.56 bil ion CNY） in the same year.

AI时代高等教育要素投入对本科生核心能力增值的贡献

本文基于大学本科生能力增值贡献的视角,利用2019年高校毕业生就业抽样调查数据,实证探讨高等教育投入五要素对人工智能时代本科生核心能力增值的影响。研究发现:(1)我国高等教育核心能力存在趋同性现象,学术优势居中的普通本科院校学生在多项核心能力增值上处于落后水平;(2)高校依然是培养大学生核心能力的主阵地,其中课程教学是高校形塑大学生核心能力最为重要的实践要素,尤其是跨学科课程,对创新创造等高阶核心能力贡献显著;(3)高校投入要素对不同核心能力增值的贡献程度存在院校差异,“双一流”高校的院校净贡献低于高职高专等院校,然而其学生更为优越的个人和家庭等先赋特征贡献掩盖了这一事实。建议从高校的分类管评、课程设置和教师教学等方面进行改革,确保学生获得适应新技术要求的高阶思维和能力,以不变应万变。

环鄱阳湖城市群生态系统服务价值时空变化及权衡协同关系

[目的]量化和分析环鄱阳湖城市群生态系统服务价值及时空变化,探讨其生态系统服务之间的权衡协同关系,为区域生态环境保护与修复提供决策参考。[方法]以环鄱阳湖城市群2000年、2010年和2020年3期土地利用数据为依据,采用ESV当量因子法、生态贡献率以及生态系统服务权衡协同度模型等方法,探讨环鄱阳湖城市群ESV时空变化以及生态系统服务之间的权衡协同关系。[结果](1) 2000年、2010年和2020年环鄱阳湖城市群生态系统服务价值分别为4 163.50亿元、4 219.53亿元、4 202.93亿元,整体呈先增后减的变化特征。研究期间各地类中林地的ESV最大,在单项服务功能中水文调节的ESV最大。(2) ESV空间分布格局较为稳定,中高值格网分布于大型湖泊水库以及水系主干道,低值格网分布于城镇建成区和耕地开发程度高的乡村聚集区。ESV增加的区域主要为鄱阳湖外围,ESV减少的区域为南昌市区、九江市东北部、鹰潭市等区县的城镇建成区。(3)水域对ESV变化的贡献率最大,是影响环鄱阳湖城市群ESV增减变化的主要因素。(4)研究时段内协同关系为生态系统服务之间的主导关系,权衡关系集中存在于水资源供给、净化环境、水文调节与其他生态系统服务功能之间。[结论]修复和保护水域和林草地、严格管控建设用地扩张是维护环鄱阳湖城市群ESV良性增长和生态安全的有效措施。

放牧显著降低中国草地生态系统土壤含水量

本研究利用Meta分析方法,对中国草地生态系统已开展的258个关于放牧对于中国草地生态系统土壤含水量的试验结果进行综合分析。结果表明:放牧对中国草地0-30 cm土壤含水量影响的平均效应值为-0.111,降低幅度约10.51%,达到0.01显著性检验水平。放牧对表层土壤0-10 cm土层影响影响最高,随着土层加深,平均效应值均呈现降低趋势,且放牧分别对草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原土壤含水量影响作用最强。温度、降水量、海拔和土壤容重4种环境因子贡献率最大。放牧分别可解释93.90%、87.66%、90.64%的对0-10、10-20和20-30 cm土层的效应值变异。全球增温可能会显著降低放牧草地土壤含水量,为了提升草地土壤含水量应采用轻度放牧制度。本研究为明晰放牧草地生态系统水分变化提供了理论基础。

A New Solution to Intrusion Detection Systems Based on Improved Federated-Learning Chain

In the context of enterprise systems,intrusion detection(ID)emerges as a critical element driving the digital transformation of enterprises.With systems spanning various sectors of enterprises geographically dispersed,the necessity for seamless information exchange has surged significantly.The existing cross-domain solutions are challenged by such issues as insufficient security,high communication overhead,and a lack of effective update mechanisms,rendering them less feasible for prolonged application on resource-limited devices.This study proposes a new cross-domain collaboration scheme based on federated chains to streamline the server-side workload.Within this framework,individual nodes solely engage in training local data and subsequently amalgamate the final model employing a federated learning algorithm to uphold enterprise systems with efficiency and security.To curtail the resource utilization of blockchains and deter malicious nodes,a node administration module predicated on the workload paradigm is introduced,enabling the release of surplus resources in response to variations in a node’s contribution metric.Upon encountering an intrusion,the system triggers an alert and logs the characteristics of the breach,facilitating a comprehensive global update across all nodes for collective defense.Experimental results across multiple scenarios have verified the security and effectiveness of the proposed solution,with no loss of its recognition accuracy.

中央苏区红色标语的形成发展、历史贡献与价值意蕴

中央苏区红色标语是红色文化资源中极具特色的历史文化遗存,其形成与发展经历了萌芽期、初步形成期、系统成熟期三个阶段。在土地革命时期为宣传党和红军性质、政策纲领、武装群众、打击敌人、巩固根据地起到了重要作用。中央苏区红色标语作为革命精神的物质成果,凝结着人的解放的价值旨归,是新时代“立德树人”的鲜活素材。

基于贡献分配的集体经营性建设用地入市收益分配研究——以贵州省湄潭县调整入市为例

集体经营性建设用地入市是中国“三块地”改革的重要组成部分,农村集体作为产权交易主体将本村集体建设用地进行入市交易,不仅能充分享受土地增值收益,对构建城乡统一建设用地市场也具有重要意义。入市收益分配机制关系到参与主体利益,对改革推进的重要性不言自明。本研究基于贡献分配理论,以贵州省湄潭县调整入市为例,综合考虑各主体的贡献度以及入市土地用途,测算各类用地能带来的增值收益以及调整入市过程中各主体应享有的收益分配比例。从土地增值收益来看,基于收益分配比例,相比当前入市收益分配比例,各主体基于贡献分配理论所得的收益分配比例均发生变化;以贡献分配理论测算出的收益分配比例能够因地和因模式制宜,集体在收益分配中获益较多,政府收益有所提高,符合建立兼顾各方利益的土地增值收益分配机制改革方向。基于此,集体经营性建设用地入市收益分配未来改革推行过程,可根据贡献分配理论来设计分配比例,不断完善收益分配机制。

苏锡常都市圈职教样板建设:价值贡献、现实困境和提升策略

苏锡常都市圈作为中国经济最活跃的地区之一,其职业教育的发展对于推动区域经济转型升级具有重要意义。文章通过分析苏锡常都市圈职教样板建设任务和建设成效,探讨了苏锡常都市圈职教高质量发展样板的价值贡献以及现实困境,提出固底板、锻长板、补短板等对策与建议,旨在进一步推动苏锡常都市圈职业教育协同创新、一体化高质量发展。