Measuring Recreational Value of World Heritage Sites Based on Contingent Valuation Method:A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou

World heritage possesses various kinds of use value and non-use value. Measuring the recreational value of world heritage sites is a key issue in the heritage tourism. This paper employs Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is an evaluation instrument on the basis of tourists′ attitude and preference, to measure the recreational value of Jiuzhaigou, one of the World Natural Heritage sites in China, and analyzes the biases in the survey. The results show that: 1) In 2009, Jiuzhaigou′s recreational value was 3.46×108 yuan (RMB), and the per capita Willingness to Pay (WTP) was 137.31 yuan by CVM. Compared with the results of other methods, this result is significantly low. 2) Among the factors that influence Jiuzhaigou tourists′ WTP, psychological perception factors have the greatest effect while demographic and socio-economic characteristics have a small effect on WTP. 3) The virtuality in CVM creates biases both from CVM itself and in the procedures that CVM was implemented. The former includes hypothetical bias, information bias, protest response bias, and strategic bias; and the latter includes the questionnaire design, population and sample definition, sampling and data processing. The paper analyses those biases and illustrates their potential in-fluences on the accuracy of CVM measurement. 4) Although there are various defects in CVM measurement, it is still an effective valuation method.

Estimation on Aesthetic Value of Tourist Landscapes in a Natural Heritage Site:Kanas National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China

Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas National Nature Reserve, which has potential for such designation, was analyzed quantitatively using scenic beauty estimation(SBE).The landscapes of 19 representative scenic spots in the Kanas National Nature Reserve in summer and autumn were selected as the objects of evaluation.The contributions of different landscape factors to the aesthetic value of the Kanas National Nature Reserve were revealed using a multivariate quantitative model.The main factors affecting the aesthetic value were waterscapes, vegetation, mountains, folk culture and the tourist environment.The t-test and F-test results are extremely significant.According to the results, some suggestions were given for conserving the landscapes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve.

Study on the Protection of Sites of“Maritime Silk Road”in Haikou from the Perspective of World Cultural Heritage

The sites of Maritime Silk Road in Haikou City are composed of sites of navigation and trade,religious temples and stone monuments,urban construction and coastal defense scattered on the south bank of the Qiongzhou Strait.They played a key role in the formation and shaping of the settlements in Haikou City,recorded the process of intercommunication and integration between Chinese civilization and other regional cultures,and witnessed the germination,flourishing and inheritance of Haikou’s unique marine culture.The mixture of points,lines and planes blends with the urban area and coastline of Haikou City in spatial distribution.In this paper,from the perspective of world cultural heritage,some suggestions for the protection planning of sites of Maritime Silk Road in Haikou City were proposed based on the analysis of historical and geographical background,comparison of domestic and foreign similar sites,and evaluation of cultural heritage value.

The evolution analysis of agricultural global value chains

With the Uruguay Round bringing agricultural trade into multilateral regulation,the major countries have actively participated in agricultural global value chains(AGVC)and occupied an important position according to their comparative advantages.Utilizing bilateral agricultural trade data of 66 countries based on the OECD Inter-Country-Input-Output Tables(OECD ICIO)from 2010 to 2018,this study applies social network analysis indicators to measure each country’s eigenvector centrality within AGVC and to examine the current global agricultural trade patterns,with particular attention to the changes in the status of world powers within AGVC.The main findings are as follows:first,with the multilateral and regional trade liberalization,growing numbers of developing nations,including China and India,are engaging in international agricultural trade,which contributes to its diversification;second,as AGVC develops,the structure of global agricultural trade networks has become more decentralized and balanced.This is evidenced by the emergence of additional central nodes,and large nations like the United States,which formerly held the most central position as indicated by a drop in its centrality,are becoming less dominant.

Landscape Aesthetic Characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property and Realization Path of Aesthetic Education Value

Wulingyuan is a world natural heritage property mainly dominated by rare quartz sandstone peak forest landscape at home and abroad and supplemented by karst landscapes,with a large number of geological and historical sites,biological and ecological landscape and unique cultural landscapes.Preserving the secluded and beautiful scenery environment,biological environment and ecosystem of subtropical zone,Wulingyuan presents a splendid and magnificent landscape,with high aesthetic value,and becomes an important practice base of aesthetic education.The aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property can be realized by systematically studying and presenting the aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property,developing a series of aesthetic education courses to lead tourists into the world of Wulingyuan aesthetic education,carrying out a series of popular science activities of“Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property Entering Campus”,and incorporating into the aesthetic education curriculum system of schools,etc.This paper analyzes the landscape aesthetic characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property thoroughly,which indicates the direction for realizing the aesthetic education value of the property,and also provides a reference for realizing the aesthetic education value of similar world natural heritage property.

Impact of Tourists'Perceived Value on Behavioral Intention for Mega Events:Analysis of Inbound and Domestic Tourists at Shanghai World Expo

Based on the survey data for 2120 inbound and domestic tourists at the Shanghai World Expo,a structural equation model was constructed for the relationship among tourists' perceived value dimensions,behavioral intention and revisit intention.Additionally,the influence of tourists' perceived value dimensions on the behavioral intention and revisit intention was explored.The results show that the utilitarian value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' behavioral intention,while the convenience value and aesthetic value have no significant influence.The service value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' behavioral intention,and the aesthetic value only significantly affects the inbound tourists' behavioral intention.The utilitarian value,service value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' revisit intention,while the convenience value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' revisit intention.The utilitarian value is the primary factor affecting the inbound tourists' behavioral intention and revisit intention,and the perceived price has no significant effect on either inbound or domestic tourists' behavioral intention or revisit intention.The study explores the relationships between tourists' perceived value,behavioral intention and revisit intention,analyzes the divergence and causation,theoretically enriches the research field of tourism geography and behavioral geography,and has great practical significance to the sustainable development of mega events in China,including the further development of the Shanghai World Expo.

Preface:Value and dynamics of salt lakes in a changing world

The statement that the world’s ecosystems are rapidly deteriorating due to human intervention and global warming is nowadays commonplace.Some of the ecosystems most heavily impacted are inland salt lakes.The salt lakes are among the most valuable and fascinating ecosystems on Earth,and their study has both basic scientifi c interest as well as applied aspects.

A Comparison of the Influence of World Views and Value Systems on Behavior between Chinese and Americans

This thesis compares the differences between Chinese and Americans in terms of their world view and value systems,and analyzes how these differences affect the behavioral patterns of people with different cultural backgrounds. It also proposes some suggestions to overcome the difference. As globalization is quickening its pace, world views and value systems, as the core of culture, profoundly affect people's pattern of behavior. A deeper understanding and consciousness of the differences may promote a more effective communication between different cultural backgrounds. This thesis compares the differences between Chinese and US cultures from three perspectives: the different world view between Chinese and Americans, the different value systems between Chinese and Americans and how the two affect their behaviors. And some suggestions are also given.

The 3rd World Textile Merchandising Conference explores the path of industrial value and demonstrates responsibility for economic reopening

On October 26,2020 the 3rd World Textile Merchandising Conference in Keqiao,Shaoxing,Zhejiang kicked off,The theme of this conference is"New Industrial Value,New Textile Contribution-Responsibility of the Textile Industry in Reopening the World Economy".Based on the purpose of"WinWin Cooperation and Responsible Development",it explored the development strategies and solutions of world textile innovation coordination,wisdom coordination and resource coordination in the post-pandemic era.

Study of living fossil of historic cities--taking historic city Ping Yao in world heritage list as an example

World Heritage belongs to all the peoples of the world, irrespective of the territory on which they are living. The world heritage list draws attention to the wealth and diversity of the Earth's cultural and natural heritage. Historic cities in world heritage list agglomerates the elite of the noblest stage in human civilization history, whose outstanding historic, artistic and scientific values make them the living fossils of urban historic study.

Stone Culture Landscapes in Changyudongtian from the Perspective of World Heritage

Stone cultural landscape is a heritage type that is less involved in the world heritage list, which has unique value and cultural significance in the cultural landscape heritages. Changyudongtian, which demonstrates unique and harmonious stone culture landscapes characterized by its special geological structure, distinctive quarrying technology, long history of quarrying, harmonious rural folk cultures and interaction between man and nature with coexistence and prosperity, is based on the quarry remains with a history about 1,500 years, villages with lots of slate houses and local folk cultures. This article introduced landscape elements and features of Changyudongtian, and compared it with other similar world heritage sites, then with other famous domestic quarries, to explore the world heritage criteria that it may meet. And in addition to exploring its potentials to become world heritage, this article also put forward specific advices to better protect and utilize this heritage resource.

The Current Status of World Protection for Mangrove Forest

Mangrove forests occur extensively in the tropic areas rich in wildlife and other non forestry resources and provide a wide array of raw materials for livelihood and production processes and have been a major source of income generation and subsistence for the local people. Exploitation of timber, fuel wood, poles, industrial raw material, and many other non wood products from the mangrove forests give rise to large scale economic activity and income generation. At present, mangrove forests are facing great peril. Reckless exploitation and swampland reclamation result in their gradual degradation. This article deals with the worlds mangrove forest resources and their benefit to people; describes the current status, points out the main causes of the destruction of these forests, presents proposals for protecting mangrove forests, and discusses international cooperation in protecting the world’s mangrove forests.

Beliefs and Economic Growth： Cross National Evidence Based on the World Values Survey (WVS)

This paper is concerned with the relationship between beliefs and economic performance and explains the differences of country performance in global economic growth over the past two decades based on the composite belief index comprising the beliefs on trust,social justice,competition and work-leisure.By influencing personal motivations,beliefs shape society and the institutions and policies of a country in the form of collective ideology.Beliefs demonstrate great differences across countries and change with time,which helps explain the country and intertemporal differences of growth.This paper also found that China s composite belief index is very high,which helps explain China's economic growth miracle.

Main Patterns of Geochemistry of Phosphorus

The paper presents the main conclusions of the Russian monograph “Geochemistry of Phosphorus” (2020). Based on statistical processing of ~6100 sample averages (from ~190,000 analyses), new estimations of World averages (Clarke values) for Р2O5, % (and P, %), phosphorus-titanium module (P2О5/TiO2), phosphorus-calcium module (P2O5/CaO), phosphorus-iron module (P2О5/Fe2O3), and phosphorus-total iron module (P2O5/Fe2O3 + FeO). Many estimates have been made for the first time. In addition to the new Clarke estimates, sometimes very different from previous ones, the work carried out has led to a number of new conclusions. In particular, the titanium geochemical barrier for phosphorus has been first estimated, all the 11 genotypes of phosphogenesis have been named and characterized, five genetic correlations of phosphogenesis have been described, lithochemistry methods have been successfully applied to characterize the phosphorites. Due to the large breadth of generalization, the monograph has a large theoretical and applied value.

大学的魔镜:全球十五项世界大学排名的比较分析与反思

随着世界大学排名数量的增加,大学及其利益相关方陷入对排名系统的认知混乱与选择困境。为了更全面地评鉴世界大学排名的学术价值及其市场逻辑,研究从指标体系的价值导向、评价结果的相关性、排名的科学有效性和市场影响力四个维度,对当前全球十五项世界大学排名进行比较分析。研究发现:(1)各项大学排名的指标体系在职能结构上存在一定的分化,发展型高等教育体系的大学排名更强调人才培养;(2)各项大学排名的评价结果相关度较低,发展中与发达高等教育体系的差距显著,而且这种差距在偏向大学产出质量的排名中更大;(3)基于“柏林原则”的量化评估显示,各项大学排名的科学有效性得分普遍不高,一些排名在目标定位、方法论的科学性与透明度上存在较为严重的缺陷;(4)世界大学排名的科学有效性和市场影响力之间存在明显的失衡,这种失衡可以从全球高等教育的中心-外围结构,以及排名数据库在期刊分布、语言覆盖、调查群体等底层逻辑上的市场迎合来解释。为使世界大学排名更客观、有效地提供镜鉴,未来应从方法论层面提升大学排名的科学有效性,理性看待和合理应用大学排名提供的有效信息,立足本土使命设定优先事项,引导排名的国际话语权。

习近平文化思想天下情怀的生成逻辑、核心要义和时代价值

习近平文化思想是新时代中国特色社会主义文化建设的指导思想,习近平文化思想的天下情怀是其基本立场、价值归宿和实践路径的统一。习近平文化思想的天下情怀继承和发展了马克思主义的人类情怀,生发于中华优秀传统文化的天下观,立足于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义文化发展的“两个大局”,面向建设社会主义文化强国,致力于促进人类文明共同发展。习近平文化思想的天下情怀坚持立足本国,胸怀天下,深刻体现出习近平文化思想坚定维护人类利益的文化正义观、推动人类文明共同进步的文化价值观、积极参与全球治理的文化责任观。坚持和把握习近平文化思想的天下情怀对于提升中华文化的国际影响力、推动构建人类命运共同体、完善世界文化格局、创造人类文明新形态具有重要意义。

多适应症药物医保支付的理论反思与实践走向——基于制度变迁视角

欧洲国家经验表明,实施多适应症药物支付(MIP)需要有三个方面的支撑条件。由于政策创新空间受限,且资源基础薄弱,当前我国实施MIP的难度较大。但随着社会经济形势变化,实施MIP的需求和条件基础也会不断变化,建议从公共价值创造、制度风险分担、实践效果追踪三个层面,推动我国多适应症药物支付制度变革。

国际传播视域下儒家文化的世界影响及其价值

儒家文化作为中华优秀传统文化和中华文明的精神标识,不仅是民族的,也是世界的,具有普适价值,在不同历史时期对东亚文化乃至欧美西方国家的哲学、文学和伦理学都产生了重要影响,与世界不同文化美美与共,交融共生。在新的历史时代,面对百年未有之大变局和当下全球治理面临的和平赤字、发展赤字、治理赤字和信任赤字等诸多挑战,儒家文化的独特价值和社会能动性更加彰显。推动构建人类命运共同体,世界更加需要儒家文化,更加需要深化文明交流互鉴,消弭分歧,包容合作,建设持久繁荣的和谐世界。

价值视域中的茶与茶和天下

茶和天下是一个价值概念。文章从价值视域的角度,通过简述茶的国内外印象,归纳分析茶对人类的多样性价值,提出茶的核心价值,并就茶的核心价值的形成及体现进行了深入探讨。同时还进一步说明茶和天下是以茶的多样价值为基础,以追求茶的核心价值最大实现为目标,造福全人类的实践活动。因而,中华民族应积极推动茶和天下,为维护和拓展全人类的共同利益再作贡献。

终结法国模式:法国大学自治化改革难以完成的使命

在全球高等教育竞争日趋激烈的背景下,法国于2007年开启了以建设世界一流大学为目标的大学自治化改革。这次改革受知识经济和新公共管理理念的影响,主要有三大举措:引入政署化代理和市场性竞争、调整大学治理架构和推行高校重组。改革在大学治理方式、政府管理机制、资源整合配置等方面取得了一些成效。改革触动了法国现行高等教育体制的基本原则,引发了人们对法国模式会被终结的担忧。深入考察改革的制度逻辑、改革路径与理念局限可以发现,法国大学自治化改革对法国模式的突破仅限于政策层面,远未触及理念层面。法国高等教育的公共属性和双轨制在法国社会的文化价值观体系下难以改变。这决定了法国高等教育改革的方向只能是完善结构而非改变结构,这也是法国经验的重要启示。