A Comparative Analysis of Amazon,Microsoft,and Apple’s Stock Investment Value

This paper provides a comparative analysis of the stock investment value of Amazon,Microsoft,and Apple,three global companies that investors may consider when investing in stocks.The author analyzes each company’s business diversity,financial situation,and industry competition.Amazon is a leading e-commerce company with strong domestic and international competitors in the field of e-commerce and cloud computing.Microsoft is a stable company with a dominant position in the personal computer operating system market and a growing market share in the field of cloud computing.Apple has a diverse product line,including hardware and software products,and faces competition from many competitors,but maintains its competitiveness in the market by investing in technological innovation.The paper concludes that the stock market is full of opportunities and challenges.And investors need to have a certain risk awareness and long-term investment vision.The analysis provided in this paper can help different investors select stocks that suit their preferences and investment objectives.The paper uses data from Yahoo Finance and company websites to provide an overview of each company’s performance,net sales,and stock prices compare the calculation results,and then select the stocks that investors with different preferences prefer.

Operational mechanism of comprehensive benefit evaluation of existing building energy efficient renovation project based on value-added life

The comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy efficient renovation project cannot be separated from the scientific and effective evaluation mechanism.Based on the value-added life perspective,this paper analyzes the implementation subject,standard,system and principle of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy efficient renovation project.It plans the process of comprehensive benefit evaluation,and builds a scientific and reasonable operation platform of evaluation system,with a view to promoting the effective implementation of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of existing building energy-saving retrofits.

换个角度看图书馆价值——《Measuring Your Library's Value》读后感

《Measuring Your Library's Value》提供了一种图书馆价值评估的新方法——成本效益分析法。这一方法立足图书馆的立场,借用了直接效益、间接效益、消费者剩余等经济学的概念,通过调查访问,借助用户—服务矩阵等统计学的方法对图书馆价值进行了评估。该书注重实证研究、重视用户和服务、关注多学科融合和因地制宜等方面的内容,有利于普及图书馆具有经济效益的观点。

基于Shapley-Value的梯级水库联合调度效益分配方法探讨

目前梯级水库在联合调度时由于补偿效益分配制度上的不合理,致使一些调节性能较好的电站在联合调度过程中得不到公正的对待,从而影响了这些电站对联合调度的积极性。针对上述问题,以三峡梯级和清江梯级五库联合调度为例,引入博弈论中的Shapley-Value法对联合调度所产生效益分配方法问题进行了探讨。结果表明:该方法不仅具有很强的操作性,并且在分配过程中充分考虑了调节性能好的清江梯级在系统参与调峰过程中的效益补偿,其分配结果对各参与方都是公平合理的,从而使各梯级都有参与合作的积极性,有利于实现梯级水库群总效益最优的目标。

Utilization of Amaranth Flour in Preparation of High Nutritional Value Bakery Products

Amaranth has become an unconventional crop that interesting of scientists and researchers due to its unique nutritional properties, in addition to bear the water lack and be suitable for all types of soil. The objective of this study was to utilize amaranth flour in preparation of high nutritional value bakery products, crackers and tortilla produced by using amaranth flour instead of corn flour (w/w) by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% levels substitution. The prepared products were evaluated for its chemical composition, minerals content, amino acids composition, fatty acid composition, color analysis, biological active compounds analysis and sensory evaluation. Results showed that substitution with amaranth flour increased protein, fat, ash and fiber. As for minerals and amino acid, it indicated that the formula No. 3 (25% corn flour/75% amaranth flour) in crackers and the formula No. 2 (50% corn flour/50% amaranth flour) in tortilla contained higher amount of minerals such as iron, calcium, potassium, zinc, magnesium, manganese, copper and phosphorus, and of the essential amino acids such as Leucine, Lysine and valine. On the other hand the formula No. 3 in crackers had the highest unsaturated fatty acids content and lowest of total saturated fatty acids content. While the formula No. 2 in tortilla had the highest saturated fatty acids content and lowest of unsaturated fatty acids content. The results also showed that the incorporation of amaranth flour in the preparation of the crackers and tortilla led to significantly decreased yellowness and lightness compared with control. Also, results indicated that crackers and tortilla which prepared with amaranth flour exhibited higher antioxidant activity than control formulas. Concerning sensory evaluation of crackers, results showed significant decrease in appearance, color and overall acceptability while, tortilla had significant decrease in general appearance, color and total score at all formulas. Based on the results obtained here, amaranth is a rich source of bioactive compounds and due to its nutritional benefits, it can be used in the development and enhancement of functional foods.

Evaluation of the Application Benefit of Meteorological High Performance Computing Resources

The meteorological high-performance computing resource is the support platform for the weather forecast and climate prediction numerical model operation. The scientific and objective method to evaluate the application of meteorological high-performance computing resources can not only provide reference for the optimization of active resources, but also provide a quantitative basis for future resource construction and planning. In this paper, the concept of the utility value B and index compliance rate E of the meteorological high performance computing system are presented. The evaluation process, evaluation index and calculation method of the high performance computing resource application benefits are introduced.

Nutritional Value of Date Fruits and Potential Use in Nutritional Bars for Athletes

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest primary staple crops in Southwest Asia and North Africa. Date palms are also grown in Australia, Mexico, South America, Southern Africa, and the United States, especially in Southern California, Arizona, and Texas. Date fruit is a high nutritional value food that is rich in carbohydrates, dietary fibers, proteins, minerals and vitamin B complex such as thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic (B5), pyridoxine (B6), and folate (B9). Carbohydrates comprise 70% of date fruit mainly as fructose and glucose. Minerals in date fruits are calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, copper, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, sulfur, cobalt, fluorine, and manganese. Date fruits are highly nourishing and may thus confer numerous potential health benefits. In recent years, a huge interest in the abundant health promoting properties of date fruits has led to the need to develop new food products using dates as a source of nutrients. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review the nutritional value of date fruits in the context of the potential use of dates in nutrition bars for athletes.

How do Beijing Residents Value Environmental Improvements in Remote Parts of China

The benefits of climate adaptation policy are sometimes underestimated because its nonuse values perceived by people indirectly afected are usually ignored.Using data from a representative sample of Beijing’s urban population,it is shown that people living at a distance perceive nonuse values of climate change adaptation measures aimed at improving the environmental conditions in the Tarim River Basin in Northwest China.Using the contingent valuation method the monetized benefit of a particular set of climate adaptation measures experienced by a Beijing household is approximated.It is concluded that not only the preferences of local people,but also of people living in other parts of China should be considered when deciding if a climate adaptation policy is worthwhile implementing from a social welfare point of view.

Global Value Chain Optimization Effect of the Belt and Road Initiative-From the Perspective of Improving Participating Countries’Position in the Division of Labor

To promote the reconstruction and optimization of the global value chains(GVCs),it is essential to tackle the prominent contradictions and problems including inequality of opportunity and status in the evolution of the GVC division of labor.The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)promoted by China has obtained remarkable achievements in this regard;however,there lacks sound theoretical and empirical evidence as to whether the BRI has driven the GVCs to develop towards a more equitable direction.This paper employs the difference-in-differences model to empirically analyze the GVC optimization effect of the BRI.In addition,on the basis of the so-called“five-pronged approach”index,the paper uses the mediating effect model to test the mechanism of influence.The empirical results suggest that the BRI has helped participating countries along the routes to increase their position in GVC division of labor significantly through the mediating mechanism of four out of the“five-pronged approach”,namely policy coordination,road connectivity,unimpeded trade,and currency convertibility.The strengthening of and closer people-to-people ties has not yet appeared to be an effective mediator,and a possible explanation may be that its influence is indirect and lagging.

Value of Water Based upon Retail Sales Tax Revenue

In quantifying the benefits of compost amendments to soils for agricultural and urban use in terms of water conservation, there are many difficulties in conveying “value” of water due to the many different aspects of value to individuals and organizations. Perhaps the most universal metric for value is through the net monetary impact of water. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the benefits by placing a dollar value on the amount of water conserved by amending soils with compost. In most of the literature, the value of water is rarely defined, and when it is the value presented is actually the “cost” of water production or reclamation. However, to truly understand the impacts of water conservation, a fuller vision of the value of water is needed beyond the costs of water. In this paper, the value of water is developed for the Rapid City, South Dakota area. With a value of water established, the benefits of soil compost amendments are calculated by evaluating the reduction of irrigation water needed for comparable crops and the value of the conserved water. In developing a value of water for Rapid City, South Dakota, the direct costs for water production are compared with the retail value of water and the economic activity enabled by a water supply. The average cost of water production for South Dakota cities averaged $0.004 per gallon ($0.001/Liter). The analysis of retail value and economic impact showed that water is valued at $0.71 per gallon ($0.19/Liter) for Rapid City and nine other South Dakota communities when calculated using the community’s retail sales records and economic reports. Efforts to find similar findings for the US were not found. With the value of water established for Rapid City and other South Dakota communities, the value benefits of compost amendments on water conservation are shown in direct monetary terms.

Behavioral Decision-Making of Key Stakeholders in Public-Private Partnerships:A Hybrid Method and Benefit Distribution Study

Public-private partnerships(PPPs)have been used by governments around the world to procure and construct infrastructural amenities.It relies on private sector expertise and funding to achieve this lofty objective.However,given the uncertainties of project management,transparency,accountability,and expropriation,this phenomenon has gained tremendous attention in recent years due to the important role it plays in curbing infrastructural deficits globally.Interestingly,the reasonable benefit distribution scheme in a PPP project is related to the behavior decisionmaking of the government and social capital,aswell as the performance of the project.In this paper,the government and social capital which are the key stakeholders of PPP projects were selected as the research objects.Based on the fuzzy expected value model and game theory,a hybrid method was adopted in this research taking into account the different risk preferences of both public entities and private parties under the fuzzy demand environment.To alleviate the problem of insufficient utilization of social capital in a PPP project,this paper seeks to grasp the relationship that exists between the benefit distribution of stakeholders,their behavioral decision-making,and project performance,given that they impact the performance of both public entities and private parties,as well as assist in maximizing the overall utility of the project.Furthermore,four game models were constructed in this study,while the expected value and opportunity-constrained programming model for optimal decision-making were derived using alternate perspectives of both centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making.Afterward,the optimal behavioral decision-making of public entities and private parties in four scenarios was discussed and thereafter compared,which led to an ensuing discussion on the benefit distribution system under centralized decision-making.Lastly,based on an example case,the influence of different confidence levels,price,and fuzzy uncertainties of PPP projects on the equilibrium strategy results of both parties were discussed,giving credence to the effectiveness of the hybrid method.The results indicate that adjusting different confidence levels yields different equilibriumpoints,and therefore signposts that social capital has a fair perception of opportunities,as well as identifies reciprocal preferences.Nevertheless,we find that an increase in the cost coefficient of the government and social capital does not inhibit the effort of both parties.Our results also indicate that a reasonable benefit distribution of PPP projects can assist them in realizing optimum Pareto improvements over time.The results provide us with very useful strategies and recommendations to improve the overall performance of PPP projects in China.

Food Supply Values and Their Factors of Three Pond Aquaculture Ecosystems: A Case Study of Shanghai

Studies on food supply values,the basis of eco-service values,and their factors of different pond aquaculture ecosystems are helpful to explain the influences of the inputted factors and their variations among these ecosystems and provide information for stakeholders to adjust their decisions and behaviors to increase their total eco-service values. On the basis of continued records from 2011 to 2012 of 18 ponds of three pond aquaculture ecosystems,namely Litopenaeus vannamei,Macrobrachium nippponensis and carp fresh water pond aquaculture ecosystems in Qingpu,Fengxian,and Jiading,three suburban districts of Shang,this paper analyzed the costs,returns,net food supply values and their regional and temporal fluctuations. The results showed that:(1) the net food supply values of the three ecosystems are 143252. 4,135883. 7,and 52623. 1Yuan /Ha in 2011 correspondently,with the Litopenaeus vannamei pond aquaculture ecosystem(LVPAE) ranking highest and the carp pond aquaculture ecosystem(CPAE) lowest among them,and the trend was same in 2012,but the values decreased than that of 2011 with the rate of 30. 0%( LVPAE),38. 0 %( Macrobrachium nippponensis pond aquaculture ecosystem,MNPAE) and 13. 7 %( CPAE).(2)The dominant factors of the net food supply values of these ecosystems are the produce price and variable costs; fry and feed costs are the main variable factors producing the noticeable difference among the ecosystems.(3) The cost- benefit ratio of per unit product of the CPAE,LVPAE and MNPAE changed from 27. 5%,91. 7%,129. 0% in 2011 to 23. 0%,73. 8% and 63. 8% in 2012,with the CPAE ranked lowest among them in both years.(4) For all the three ecosystems,their net food supply values may not always change in same trends with their net eco-service values,if stakeholders want to keep a balance between these two types of values,MNPAE should be encouraged in these districts.

Trade Benefits and Environmental Costs of GVCS: A Case Study of the BRICS

As the international trading system has developed with the division of Global value Chains (GVCS), the export trade of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) has grown rapidly. The resulting growth of carbon emissions has drawn wide attention from the international community, necessitating the comparison of the trade benefits and environmental costs of the BRICS participation in GVCS. Based on the Eora database, this paper constructs a decomposition framework for the calculation of export value-added and embodied carbon, based on a multi-region input-output (MRIO) model. The trade benefits and environmental costs paid by the BRICS’ total exports from 1990 to 2015 were measured and the imbalance was analyzed, along with the causes. The results show that the main value-added and carbon embodied in the BRICS’ exports originate from their own countries, and the domestic value-added content of the BRICS’ exports decreased while the foreign value-added content increased.

基于TOPSIS-Shapley值法的梯级水电站补偿效益分摊研究

针对流域内联合电站数目众多但利益分配存在纠纷的情况,旨在提出一种更为合理的梯级电站利益分配方法。基于Shapley值法和TOPSIS法,综合考虑电站贡献及电站对不同客观分摊方法的相对满意程度,建立TOPSIS-Shapley值法梯级电站补偿效益分摊模型,同时为解决Shapley值法在求解多利益主体梯级电站联合调度增益分配问题中的局限性,引入聚合降维思想。模型思路如下:将上游电站联合调度前后梯级发电效益的增量作为补偿效益,首先采取四种不同的客观分摊方法对电站特性参数指标进行计算,构成TOPSIS的基础决策矩阵,利用TOPSIS原理得出电站对各个分摊方法的相对满意度,同时采用联盟博弈理论,计算电站所有可能联盟方式下的发电效益,得到基于Shapley值的补偿效益分摊结果,最后将TOPSIS原理得出的分摊系数与由Shapley值法所得的分摊系数结合形成综合分摊权重,应用于黑河上游的八级电站补偿效益分摊中。工程应用实例表明:该方法不仅考虑了联盟电站对整体的边际贡献和各电站的分摊满意程度,且兼顾了电站的特性指标差异,合理量化和分配了各电站间的发电补偿效益,分摊结果公平合理、易被各方接受,可促进流域各级电站参与联合调度从而达到整体效益最大的目标,对于数量较多的梯级水电站补偿效益分配问题具有重要参考意义。

游客满意度评测模型优化实证研究

准确评价游客满意度影响因素与游客满意度之间的关系有助于深入了解游客需求,进而提升旅游服务水平。分析两者关系的常用方法是构建游客感知价值与游客满意度结构方程模型,从而得到各因素对游客满意度的影响路径和影响程度。由于不同类型游客感知价值差异比较明显,因此,将游客感知价值作为一个整体来分析游客满意度影响因素不够准确。为此,文章提出采用游客感知收益来分析游客满意度影响因素和影响路径,并采用结构方程模型进行实证分析得到:基于游客感知收益与游客满意度模型的结构更稳定,优于传统的游客感知价值与游客满意度模型。该结论有助于进一步提高游客满意度影响因素评测的准确性。

多用途条件下水经济价值的最小用水效益决定论

基于劳动价值论以及边际效用价值论,提出了价值的边际劳动价值决定论以及多用途条件下水经济价值的评估理论和方法,认为水经济价值取决于供需平衡时各种用途用水效益的最小值或供水成本的最大值。基于该理论和方法,对北京市原水经济价值进行了评估,结果表明,北京市的水经济价值是由效益低的农业用水界定,北京市农业用水效益的估计值更接近水的价值。结合可视为北京市边际供水成本的南水北调水价,2020年北京市原水经济价值应在2.33~4.82元/m^(3)之间。

生态产品价值实现效益评价及障碍因子分析--以喀斯特山区贵州省为例

基于生态产品价值实现的内涵和运作机理,明晰生态产品价值实现效益的主要内容,构建起包括生态效益、经济效益、社会效益三个子系统15个指标的生态产品价值实现效益评价体系。运用熵权法测度地区生态产品价值实现效益,通过障碍度模型识别制约生态产品价值实现效益提升的障碍因子,并以喀斯特山区贵州省为例展开实证研究。研究结果表明:(1)2011—2020年贵州省生态产品价值实现综合效益稳步提升,综合效益值从0.2310增长到0.8197,年均增速约为15.11%;(2)经济效益增长显著,生态效益次之,社会效益增长较慢;(3)影响贵州省生态产品价值实现效益的主要障碍因子有农村常住居民人均可支配收入、旅游收入、农村常住居民人均消费性支出、城乡常住居民人均消费性支出差异等。为推动贵州省生态产品价值实现,应坚持生态优先,拓展生态产品价值实现模式,促进城乡要素流动,缩小城乡差距。

“村改居”类村庄共同体的嬗变与重塑

村庄共同体是包含经济、政治、文化等要素在内的社会结构,它依循农村社会的经济、政治、文化逻辑而展开,学界形成了“利益-共同体”“权力-共同体”“价值-共同体”等研究范式。改革开放以来,“村改居”的中国城镇化及基层社会治理实践,使得村庄共同体呈现不同于以往的特点,主要表现在:利益格局由分化趋向整合,权力配置由国家向社会倾斜,传统价值认同由强劲向式微转化。在中国城镇化实践和国家治理现代化建设的时代背景下,“村改居”类村庄要实现生活进城、文化还乡,就需要根据国家倡导的城乡融合发展的治理战略,撷取城与乡的各自优势,科学构建利益关系协调机制,把集体经济的蛋糕做大分好,重塑村庄共同体的经济秩序;推动形成“三治”融合治理格局,践行全过程人民民主,重塑村庄共同体的政治秩序;传承弘扬村庄传统文化,激活村庄集体记忆,重塑村庄共同体的文化秩序。

墨子义利观视域下古代中医义利观分析及其当代价值

古代中医医家行医目的和取酬态度与墨子义利观具有高度相通性。在墨子“贵义尚利”思想的涵养和规约下,古代中医医家形成了以术利人、以义为先的行医目的和义利兼顾、以义获利的取酬态度。以古鉴今,将古代中医义利观的精髓,通过感染教育,培养医务人员以义为上的行医追求;利用课程思政和媒体宣传,鞭策医务人员守住以义制利的行医底线;借助激励机制,构建义利兼顾的薪酬分配等多种路径,有机融摄于当代医德义利观教育,以冀树立符合当今经济和社会发展的医学义利观,为构建和谐医患关系、促进医学健康发展、构建人类卫生健康共同体助力。

2023年美国绿色化学挑战奖项目评述

围绕2023年美国绿色化学挑战奖获奖项目的概要、创新与价值进行了分析与介绍。其中绿色合成路线奖授予SOLUGEN公司,其贡献在于物理分离二氧化碳的显著成效;绿色反应条件奖授予Captis Aire公司,其开发了一种创新化学吸附减排技术(CAIRETM);设计绿色化学品奖授予高乐氏公司,其开发了Clorox EcoCleanTM消毒清洁剂;小企业奖授予现代牧场公司(Modern Meadow),其开发了由Bio-AlloyTM提供动力能源的现代牧场品牌Bio-FREEDTM;学术奖(Academic Award)授予密歇根大学Richard Laine教授,其贡献在于对大量农业废弃物的回收与产业化利用;环境特别奖授予Air Company,他们开发了AIRMADETM碳技术,用光合作用激发的二氧化碳转化为可持续的航空燃料和酒精。