Upcycling plastic wastes into value-added products via electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis

Plastic,renowned for its versatility,durability,and cost-effectiveness,is indispensable in modern society.Nevertheless,the annual production of nearly 400 million tons of plastic,coupled with a recycling rate of only 9%,has led to a monumental environmental crisis.Plastic recycling has emerged as a vital response to this crisis,offering sustainable solutions to mitigate its environmental impact.Among these recycling efforts,plastic upcycling has garnered attention,which elevates discarded plastics into higher-value products.Here,electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic treatments stand at the forefront of advanced plastic upcycling.Electrocatalytic or photoelectrocatalytic treatments involve chemical reactions that facilitate electron transfer through the electrode/electrolyte interface,driven by electrical or solar energy,respectively.These methods enable precise control of chemical reactions,harnessing potential,current density,or light to yield valuable chemical products.This review explores recent progress in plastic upcycling through electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic pathways,offering promising solutions to the plastic waste crisis and advancing sustainability in the plastics industry.

Valorization of Camellia oleifera oil processing byproducts to value-added chemicals and biobased materials: A critical review

The C.oleifera oil processing industry generates large amounts of solid wastes,including C.oleifera shell(COS)and C.oleifera cake(COC).Distinct from generally acknowledged lignocellulosic biomass(corn stover,bamboo,birch,etc.),Camellia wastes contain diverse bioactive substances in addition to the abundant lignocellulosic components,and thus,the biorefinery utilization of C.oleifera processing byproducts involves complicated processing technologies.This reviewfirst summarizes various technologies for extracting and converting the main components in C.oleifera oil processing byproducts into value-added chemicals and biobased materials,as well as their potential applications.Microwave,ultrasound,and Soxhlet extractions are compared for the extraction of functional bioactive components(tannin,flavonoid,saponin,etc.),while solvothermal conversion and pyrolysis are discussed for the conversion of lignocellulosic components into value-added chemicals.The application areas of these chemicals according to their properties are introduced in detail,including utilizing antioxidant and anti-in-flammatory properties of the bioactive substances for the specific application,as well as drop-in chemicals for the substitution of unrenewable fossil fuel-derived products.In addition to chemical production,biochar fabricated from COS and its applications in thefields of adsorption,supercapacitor,soil remediation and wood composites are comprehensively reviewed and discussed.Finally,based on the compositions and structural characteristics of C.oleifera byproducts,the development of full-component valorization strategies and the expansion of the appli-cationfields are proposed.

Low-energy-consumption temperature swing system for CO_(2) capture by combining passive radiative cooling and solar heating

Temperature-swing adsorption(TSA)is an effective technique for CO_(2) capture,but the temperature swing procedure is energy-intensive.Herein,we report a low-energy-consumption system by combining passive radiative cooling and solar heating for the uptake of CO_(2) on commercial activated carbons(CACs).During adsorption,the adsorbents are coated with a layer of hierarchically porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene)[P(VdF-HFP)HP],which cools the adsorbents to a low temperature under sunlight through radiative cooling.For desorption,CACs with broad absorption of the solar spectrum are exposed to light irradiation for heating.The heating and cooling processes are completely driven by solar energy.Adsorption tests under mimicked sunlight using the CACs show that the performance of this system is comparable to that of the traditional ones.Furthermore,under real sunlight irradiation,the adsorption capacity of the CACs can be well maintained after multiple cycles.The present work may inspire the development of new temperature swing procedures with little energy consumption.

Differences between lower extremity joint running kinetics captured by marker-based and markerless systems were speed dependent

Background:The development of computer vision technology has enabled the use of markerless movement tracking for biomechanical analysis.Recent research has reported the feasibility of markerless systems in motion analysis but has yet to fully explore their utility for capturing faster movements,such as running.Applied studies using markerless systems in clinical and sports settings are still lacking.Thus,the present study compared running biomechanics estimated by marker-based and markerless systems.Given running speed not only affects sports performance but is also associated with clinical injury prevention,diagnosis,and rehabilitation,we aimed to investigate the effects of speed on the comparison of estimated lower extremity joint moments and powers between markerless and marker-based technologies during treadmill running as a concurrent validating study.Methods:Kinematic data from marker-based/markerless technologies were collected,along with ground reaction force data,from 16 young adults running on an instrumented treadmill at 3 speeds:2.24 m/s,2.91 m/s,and 3.58 m/s(5.0 miles/h,6.5 miles/h,and 8.0 miles/h).Sagittal plane moments and powers of the hip,knee,and ankle were calculated by inverse dynamic methods.Time series analysis and statistical parametric mapping were used to determine system differences.Results:Compared to the marker-based system,the markerless system estimated increased lower extremity joint kinetics with faster speed during the swing phase in most cases.Conclusion:Despite the promising application of markerless technology in clinical settings,systematic markerless overestimation requires focused attention.Based on segment pose estimations,the centers of mass estimated by markerless technologies were farther away from the relevant distal joint centers,which led to greater joint moments and powers estimates by markerless vs.marker-based systems.The differences were amplified by running speed.

Offshore Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage

Climate change, resulting from human-caused CO_(2) and other greenhouse gas emissions, is an urgent problem that demands immediate action from everyone. The need to decrease emissions has sparked a renewed emphasis on developing and utilizing offshore Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS) technologies.While these technologies offer potential solutions to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions,many challenges must be addressed to ensure successful implementation.

Advanced Materials for NH_(3)Capture:Interaction Sites and Transport Pathways

Ammonia(NH3)is a carbon-free,hydrogen-rich chemical related to global food safety,clean energy,and environmental protection.As an essential technology for meeting the requirements raised by such issues,NH3 capture has been intensively explored by researchers in both fundamental and applied fields.The four typical methods used are(1)solvent absorption by ionic liquids and their derivatives,(2)adsorption by porous solids,(3)abadsorption by porous liquids,and(4)membrane separation.Rooted in the development of advanced materials for NH3 capture,we conducted a coherent review of the design of different materials,mainly in the past 5 years,their interactions with NH3 molecules and construction of transport pathways,as well as the structure–property relationship,with specific examples discussed.Finally,the challenges in current research and future worthwhile directions for NH3 capture materials are proposed.

Quantitative analysis of the morphing wing mechanism of raptors:IMMU-based motion capture system and its application on gestures of a Falco peregrinus

This paper presented a novel tinny motion capture system for measuring bird posture based on inertial and magnetic measurement units that are made up of micromachined gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers. Multiple quaternion-based extended Kalman filters were implemented to estimate the absolute orientations to achieve high accuracy.Under the guidance of ornithology experts, the extending/contracting motions and flapping cycles were recorded using the developed motion capture system, and the orientation of each bone was also analyzed. The captured flapping gesture of the Falco peregrinus is crucial to the motion database of raptors as well as the bionic design.

High-throughput microfluidic production of carbon capture microcapsules:fundamentals,applications,and perspectives

In the last three decades,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions have shown a significant increase from various sources.To address this pressing issue,the importance of reducing CO_(2) emissions has grown,leading to increased attention toward carbon capture,utilization,and storage strategies.Among these strategies,monodisperse microcapsules,produced by using droplet microfluidics,have emerged as promising tools for carbon capture,offering a potential solution to mitigate CO_(2) emissions.However,the limited yield of microcapsules due to the inherent low flow rate in droplet microfluidics remains a challenge.In this comprehensive review,the high-throughput production of carbon capture microcapsules using droplet microfluidics is focused on.Specifically,the detailed insights into microfluidic chip fabrication technologies,the microfluidic generation of emulsion droplets,along with the associated hydrodynamic considerations,and the generation of carbon capture microcapsules through droplet microfluidics are provided.This review highlights the substantial potential of droplet microfluidics as a promising technique for large-scale carbon capture microcapsule production,which could play a significant role in achieving carbon neutralization and emission reduction goals.

Recent advances in intermediate-temperature CO_(2) capture: Materials,technologies and applications

Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS) is widely recognized as a vital strategy for mitigating the impact of human induced climate change.Among various CO_(2) adsorbents,intermediate-temperature solid adsorbents have garnered significant attention due to their potential applications in hydrogen utilization,specifically in the water gas shift,steam reforming and gasification processes.These processes are crucial for achieving carbon neutrality.While laboratory-level studies have showcased the high adsorption capacity of these materials via various synthesis and modification methods,their practical application in complex industrial environments remains challenging,impeding the commercialization process.This review aims to critically summarize the recent research progress made in intermediatetemperature(200-400℃) solid CO_(2) adsorbents,particularly focusing on indicators such as cyclability,gas selectivity,and formability,which play vital roles in industrial application scenarios.Additionally,we provide an overview of laboratory-level advanced technologies specifically tailored for industrial applications.Furthermore,we highlight several industrial-ready advanced technologies that can pave the way for overcoming the challenges associated with large-scale implementation.The insights provided by this review aim to assist researchers in identifying the most relevant research directions for industrial applications.By promoting advances in the application of solid adsorbents,we strive to facilitate the ultimate goal of achieving carbon neutrality.

Configuration Synthesis and Grasping Performance Analysis of Multi-Loop Coupling Capture Mechanism for Launch and Recovery of Torpedo-Shaped Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

Research of capture mechanisms with strong capture adaptability and stable grasp is important to solve the problem of launch and recovery of torpedo-shaped autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs).A multi-loop coupling capture mechanism with strong adaptability and high retraction rate has been proposed for the launch and recovery of torpedo-shaped AUVs with different morphological features.Firstly,the principle of capturing motion retraction is described based on the appearance characteristics of torpedo-shaped AUVs,and the configuration synthesis of the capture mechanism is carried out using the method of constrained chain synthesis.Secondly,the screw theory is employed to analyze the degree of freedom(DoF)of the capture mechanism.Then,the 3D model of the capture mechanism is established,and the kinematics and dynamics simulations are carried out.Combined with the capture orientation requirements of the capture mechanism,the statics and vibration characteristics analyses are carried out.Furthermore,considering the capture process and the underwater working environment,the motion characteristics and hydraulics characteristics of the capture mechanism are analyzed.Finally,a principle prototype is developed and the torpedo-shaped AUVs capture experiment is completed.The work provides technical reserves for the research and development of AUV capture special equipment.

Hollow tubes constructed by carbon nanotubes self-assembly for CO_(2) capture

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have garnered significant attention in the fields of science,engineering,and medicine due to their numerous advantages.The initial step towards harnessing the potential of CNTs involves their macroscopic assembly.The present study employed a gentle and direct self-assembly technique,wherein controlled growth of CNT sheaths occurred on the metal wire’s surface,followed by etching of the remaining metal to obtain the hollow tubes composed of CNTs.By controlling the growth time and temperature,it is possible to alter the thickness of the CNTs sheath.After immersing in a solution containing 1 g/L of CNTs at 60℃ for 24 h,the resulting CNTs layer achieved a thickness of up to 60μm.These hollow CNTs tubes with varying inner diameters were prepared through surface reinforcement using polymers and sacrificing metal wires,thereby exhibiting exceptional attributes such as robustness,flexibility,air tightness,and high adsorption capacity that effectively capture CO_(2) from the gas mixture.

Comparison of fish communities using environmental DNA metabarcoding and capture methods in a plateau Erhai Lake,China

Environmental DNA(eDNA)has been used as an important tool for fish diversity analysis,which can greatly solve the problems in traditional survey methodology.However,little work has been done on the actual monitoring accuracy of eDNA.In this study,we analyzed the current status of fish resources in Erhai Lake in Yunnan,SW China,by dividing the lake into three sectors according to habitat differences,and compared the results of eDNA and traditional capture methods to investigate the shortcomings of the current analysis of eDNA results.A total of 27 fish species were detected by eDNA and traditional capture methods,including 20 and 19 fish species,respectively,and additional differences in fish composition between the two methods.The alpha diversity showed higher fish abundance and lower fish diversity by eDNA method compared to the traditional capture method,demonstrating that eDNA was not superior for use in fish diversity analysis.Fish community similarity analysis showed that community differences were generally significant for eDNA(P<0.05).RDA analysis indicated that environmental factors did not significantly affect fish communities monitored by the eDNA method.However,water temperature,aquatic plants,and water depth had significant(P<0.05)effects on fish communities in the traditional capture method,suggesting that eDNA results are insensitive to the effects of environmental factors.Our results illustrate the effectiveness of eDNA in fish identification and the issues in quantification compared to traditional capture methods.Therefore,combining eDNA with traditional methods is a more effective method for analyzing eDNA metabarcoding,following which the protocols of both quantitative methods can be designed to explore the regularity of eDNA quantification.

Scalable Jet-Based Fabrication of PEI-Hydrogel Particles for CO_(2)Capture

The capture,regeneration,and conversion of CO_(2)from ambient air and flue gas streams are critical aspects of mitigating global warming.Solid sorbents for CO_(2)absorption are very promising as they have high mass transfer areas without energy input and reduce emissions and minimize corrosion as compared to liquid sorbents.However,precisely tunable solid CO_(2)sorbents are difficult to produce.Here,we demonstrate the high-throughput production of hydrogel-based CO_(2)-absorbing particles via liquid jetting.By wrapping a liquid jet consisting of an aqueous solution of cross-linkable branched polyethylenimine(PEI)with a layer of suspension containing hydrophobic silica nanoparticles,monodisperse droplets with a silica nanoparticle coating layer was formed in the air.A stable Pickering emulsion containing PEI droplets was obtained after these ejected droplets were collected in a heated oil bath.The droplets turn into mm-sized particles after thermal curing in the bath.The diameter,PEI content,and silica content of the particles were systematically varied,and their CO_(2)absorption was measured as a function of time.Steam regeneration of the particles enabled cyclic testing,revealing a CO_(2)absorption capacity of 6.5±0.5 mol kg^(−1)solid PEI in pure CO_(2)environments and 0.7±0.3 mol kg^(−1)solid PEI for direct air capture.Several thousands of particles were produced per second at a rate of around 0.5 kg per hour,with a single nozzle.This process can be further scaled by parallelization.The complete toolbox for the design,fabrication,testing,and regeneration of functional hydrogel particles provides a powerful route toward novel solid sorbents for regenerative CO_(2)capture.

CO_(2) capture by modified clinoptilolite and its regeneration performance

This study focuses on CO_(2) capture by pressure swing adsorption(PSA),with modified clinoptilolite as the adsorbent.Natural clinoptilolite is modified by roasting,by acid pickling,by a combination of acid pickling and roasting,and by ion exchange.Modification by acid pickling-roasting and by ion exchange are found to give the highest CO_(2) adsorption capacities,of 730 mL/g and 876.7 mL/g,respectively.It is found that regeneration of clinoptilolite by a combination of vacuum desorption and heating enables recovery of as much as 89%of its previous CO_(2) adsorption capacity.To examine the CO_(2) adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite when applied to mixed gas,a simulated coking exhaust containing 12%CO_(2) and 4%O_(2) is used,and it is found that ion exchange modified clinoptilolite achieves a CO_(2) removal efficiency of 92.5%.A BET test reveals that acid pickling-roasting and Na^(+) modification enhance the porosity of clinoptilolite,thereby improving its adsorption capacity.This work demonstrates the feasibility of applying modified clinoptilolite as an effective adsorbent for COO_(2)capture,providing a promising tool for dealing with greenhouse gases.

Research progress of CO_(2) capture and mineralization based on natural minerals

Natural minerals,such as kaolinite,halloysite,montmorillonite,attapulgite,bentonite,sepiolite,forsterite,and wollastonite,have considerable potential for use in CO_(2) capture and mineralization due to their abundant reserves,low cost,excellent mechanical prop-erties,and chemical stability.Over the past decades,various methods,such as those involving heat,acid,alkali,organic amine,amino sil-ane,and ionic liquid,have been employed to enhance the CO_(2) capture performance of natural minerals to attain high specific surface area,a large number of pore structures,and rich active sites.Future research on CO_(2) capture by natural minerals will focus on the full utiliza-tion of the properties of natural minerals,adoption of suitable modification methods,and preparation of composite materials with high specific surface area and rich active sites.In addition,we provide a summary of the principle and technical route of direct and indirect mineralization of CO_(2) by natural minerals.This process uses minerals with high calcium and magnesium contents,such as forsterite(Mg_(2)SiO_(4)),serpentine[Mg_(3)Si_(2)O(OH)_(4)],and wollastonite(CaSiO_(3)).The research status of indirect mineralization of CO_(2) using hydro-chloric acid,acetic acid,molten salt,and ammonium salt as media is also introduced in detail.The recovery of additives and high-value-added products during the mineralization process to increase economic benefits is another focus of future research on CO_(2) mineralization by natural minerals.

Highly efficient CO_(2) capture using 2-methylimidazole aqueous solution on laboratory and pilot-scale

To date,the primary industrial carbon capture approach is still absorption using aqueous solutions of alkanolamines.Here,to pursue a substitute for the amine-based approach to improve the CO_(2) capture efficiency and decrease the energy cost further,we report a new carbon capture approach using a 2-methylimidazole(mIm)aqueous solution.The properties and sorption behaviors of this approach have been experimentally investigated.The results show that the mIm solution has higher CO_(2) absorption capacity under relatively higher equilibrium pressure(>130 kPa)and lower desorption heat than the methyldiethanolamine solution.91.6%sorption capacity of mIm solution can be recovered at 353.15 K and 80 kPa.The selectivity for CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) can reach an exceptional 7609 and 4324,respectively.Furthermore,the pilot-scale tests were also performed,and the results demonstrate that more than 98%of CO_(2) in the feed gas could be removed and cyclic absorption capacity can reach 1 mol·L^(-1).This work indicates that mIm is an excellent alternative to alkanolamines for carbon capture in the industry.

Technological advancement and industrialization path of Sinopec in carbon capture,utilization and storage,China

Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology is an important means to effectively reduce carbon emissions from fossil energy combustion and industrial processes.With the crisis of climate change,CCUS has attracted increasing attention in the world.CCUS technology as developed rapidly in China is technically feasible for large-scale application in various industries.The R&D and demonstration of CCUS in China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation(Sinopec)are summarized,including carbon capture,carbon transport,CO_(2)enhanced energy recovery(including oil,gas,and water,etc.),and comprehensive utilization of CO_(2).Based on the source-sink matching characteristics in China,two CCUS industrialization scenarios are proposed,namely,CO_(2)-EOR,CO_(2)-driven enhanced oil recovery using centralized carbon sinks in East China and CO_(2)-EWR,CO_(2)-driven enhanced water recovery(EWR)using centralized carbon sources from the coal chemical industry in West China.Finally,a CCUS industrialization path from Sinopec's perspective is suggested,using CO_(2)-EOR as the major means and CO_(2)-EWR,CO_(2)-driven enhanced gas recovery(CO_(2)-EGR)and other utilization methods as important supplementary means.

Context Capture在车辆三维建模中的应用

无人机倾斜摄影技术和Context Capture因具有自动化程度高、建模精度和效率高等特点而被广泛应用于三维建模中。本文使用无人机倾斜摄影技术和Context Capture分别对一辆SUV和一辆三厢轿车进行了三维建模,并对其进行了精度分析。结果表明,采用多条航线的无人机拍摄策略可以充分捕捉车辆各个侧面的细节信息。使用Context Capture构建的车辆三维模型细节清晰可辨,真实地反映了车辆外形。车辆特征点实测数据与航拍数据之间的最大相对误差为0.9%,确保了车辆三维建模的精度要求。

Regulation of interlayer channels of graphene oxide nanosheets in ultra-thin Pebax mixed-matrix membranes for CO_(2) capture

For the application of carbon capture by membrane process,it is crucial to develop a highly permeable CO_(2)-selective membrane.In this work,we reported an ultra-thin polyether-block-amide(Pebax)mixedmatrix membranes(MMMs)incorporated by graphene oxide(GO),in which the interlayer channels were regulated to optimize the CO_(2)/N_(2) separation performance.Various membrane preparation conditions were systematically investigated on the influence of the membrane structure and separation performance,including the lateral size of GO nanosheets,GO loading,thermal reduction temperature,and time.The results demonstrated that the precisely regulated interlayer channel of GO nanosheets can rapidly provide CO_(2)-selective transport channels due to the synergetic effects of size sieving and preferential adsorption.The GO/Pebax ultra-thin MMMs exhibited CO_(2)/N_(2) selectivity of 72 and CO_(2) permeance of 400 GPU(1 GPU=106 cm^(3)(STP)·cm^(2)·s^(-1)·cmHg^(-1)),providing a promising candidate for CO_(2) capture.

Kinematic calibration under the expectation maximization framework for exoskeletal inertial motion capture system

This study presents a kinematic calibration method for exoskeletal inertial motion capture (EI-MoCap) system with considering the random colored noise such as gyroscopic drift.In this method, the geometric parameters are calibrated by the traditional calibration method at first. Then, in order to calibrate the parameters affected by the random colored noise, the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is introduced. Through the use of geometric parameters calibrated by the traditional calibration method, the iterations under the EM framework are decreased and the efficiency of the proposed method on embedded system is improved. The performance of the proposed kinematic calibration method is compared to the traditional calibration method. Furthermore, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified on the EI-MoCap system. The simulation and experiment demonstrate that the motion capture precision is significantly improved by 16.79%and 7.16%respectively in comparison to the traditional calibration method.