Deep-well injection is a cost-effective alternative for industrial wastewater disposal, given the appropriate geology. Fouling of injection well tubing by biofilm or scale is common and reduces the effective diameter ...Deep-well injection is a cost-effective alternative for industrial wastewater disposal, given the appropriate geology. Fouling of injection well tubing by biofilm or scale is common and reduces the effective diameter of the pipe, which results in increased wellhead pressure and lower injectivity. A detailed microbiological composition of biofilms and abiotic fingerprints use of mineral scale from an injection well has not been reported before. Therefore, biofilm and mineral scale samples from three depth intervals within a deep injection well (surface zone, D1= 0 - 61 m;intermediate zone, D2 = 62 - 457 m;and above the injection zone, D3 = 458 - 884 m) with recurrent biofilm development were collected to characterize the mineral composition and microbial community DNA. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the solids confirms the composition of the solids collected was mostly calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with minor contributions from common mineral salts. Microbiological fingerprinting suggests that methanogenic archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria both of which are anaerobic biofilm producers were the most prevalent members of the prokaryotic community at all sampled depths. Methanosarcinae spp. increased with increasing depths, unlike other archaea. A non-pathogenic biofilm-producing Entamoeba dispar was the most prevalent member of the microbial domain (>30%) in all samples but was highest at the middle depth. The Chao alpha diversity indices for bacteria, viruses, and protozoans were highest at the shallow depth and gradually declined with increasing depth. The prevalent species above the injection zone depth are not barophilic organisms that thrive at high pressures, rather they are sulfate-reducing bacteria involved in anaerobic dissimilatory sulfate metabolism.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of on ocular surface microbiota in patients who received intravitreal injections.METHODS:Samples of ocular surface microbiota were obtained from 41 eyes of 41 patients who visited the De...AIM:To investigate the effects of on ocular surface microbiota in patients who received intravitreal injections.METHODS:Samples of ocular surface microbiota were obtained from 41 eyes of 41 patients who visited the Department of Ophthalmology.Patients were separated for three groups.Group A did not receive perioperative managements or intravitreal injection.Group B1 received only once and B2 received more than twice.In operating room,the samples were collected on the ocular surface.Operating taxonomic units(OTUs) clustering and alpha/beta diversity analysis was performed.The microbial 16S rRNA from samples were analyzed using the Hi Seq 2500 platform.RESULTS:Alpha diversity did not differ in each group,and beta diversity differed in the B2 group.Beta diversity showed a significant difference between Group A and B2(P=0.048).With the perioperative managements before intravitreal injection,the composition and relative abundance were altered.Top 10 microbiota on phylum and genus level,and then microbiota notably changed at genus level were listed.Gram-negative bacteria were varied more.Furthermore,Proteus was not found in Groups A and B1,but it was appeared after the patients received perioperative management and intravitreal injections in Group B2.CONCLUSION:With the perioperative managements,the balance of microbiota on the ocular surface is destroyed,and relative composition and abundance of microbiota on the ocular surface is obviously altered.The clinical doctors should pay more attention on the consequence of perioperative managements before intravitreal injection.展开更多
Let Z/（p^e） be the integer residue ring modulo p^e with p an odd prime and integer e ≥ 3. For a sequence a over Z/（p^e）, there is a unique p-adic decomposition a- = a-0 ＋a-1 .p ＋… ＋ a-e-l .p^e-1 where each a-...Let Z/（p^e） be the integer residue ring modulo p^e with p an odd prime and integer e ≥ 3. For a sequence a over Z/（p^e）, there is a unique p-adic decomposition a- = a-0 ＋a-1 .p ＋… ＋ a-e-l .p^e-1 where each a-i can be regarded as a sequence over Z/（p）, 0 ≤ i ≤ e - 1. Let f（x） be a primitive polynomial over Z/（p^e） and G＇（f（x）,p^e） the set of all primitive sequences generated by f（x） over Z/（p^e）. For μ（x） ∈ Z/（p）[x] with deg（μ（x）） ≥ 2 and gad（1 ＋ deg（μ（x））,p- 1） = 1, setφe-1 （x0, x1,… , xe-1） = xe-1. [μ（xe-2） ＋ ηe-3（x0, X1,…, xe-3）] ＋ ηe-2（x0, X1,…, xe-2） which is a function of e variables over Z/（p）. Then the compressing mapφe-1 ： G＇（f（x）,p^e） → （Z/（p））^∞ ,a-→φe-1（a-0,a-1, … ,a-e-1） is injective. That is, for a-,b-∈ G＇（f（x）,p^e）, a- = b- if and only if φe-1 （a-0,a-1, … ,a-e-1） = φe-1（b-0, b-1,… ,b-e-1）. As for the case of e = 2, similar result is also given. Furthermore, if functions φe-1 and ψe-1 over Z/（p） are both of the above form and satisfy φe-1（a-0,a-1,…,a-e-1）=ψe-1（b-0, b-1,… ,b-e-1） for a-,b-∈G＇（f（x）,p^e）, the relations between a- and b-, φe-1 and ψe-1 are discussed展开更多
Based on the petrology,isotope geochemistry and fluid inclusions analysis,we established the evolutionary mode of the diagenetic fluid of dawsonite-bearing sandstone in the Jiyang Depression.Dawsonite-bearing sandston...Based on the petrology,isotope geochemistry and fluid inclusions analysis,we established the evolutionary mode of the diagenetic fluid of dawsonite-bearing sandstone in the Jiyang Depression.Dawsonite-bearing sandstone is characterized by double injection of CO_(2)and oil-gas in the Jiyang Depression that have experienced a relatively complex diagenetic fluid evolution process.The diagenetic sequence of secondary minerals involves secondary enlargement of quartz,kaolinite,first-stage calcite,dawsonite,second-stage calcite,ferrocalcite,dolomite and ankerite.Hydrocarbon charging in the dawsonite-bearing sandstone occurred at around 2.6–0 Myr.The CO_(2)charging event occurred during Dongying tectonism,forming the Pingfangwang CO_(2)gas reservoir,which provided an abundant carbon source for dawsonite precipitation.Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of dawsonite demonstrate that CO_(2)forming the dawsonite was of an inorganic origin derived from the mantle,and that water mediating the proc-ess during dawsonite precipitation was sequestered brine with a fluid temperature of 82℃.The evolutionary sequence of the diagenetic fluid in the dawsonite-bearing sandstone was:alkaline syngenetic fluids,weak alkaline fluids during organic acid forma-tion,acidic fluids in the early stage of CO_(2)injection,alkaline fluids in the late stage of CO_(2)injection,and weak alkaline fluids during oil and gas charging.The mode indicates an increase in-HCO_(3)because of the CO_(2)injection,and the loss of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)due to the precipitation of carbonate minerals.Therefore,the evolutionary mode of diagenetic fluids is in good agreement with high HCO_(3)^(-),low Ca^(2+)and low Mg^(2+)composition of the present formation water in the dawsonite-bearing sandstone.展开更多
Supervisory control and protection system of the neutral beam injector （NBI） in the HL-2A tokamak is presented. The system is used for a safe coordination of all the main NBI subsystems. Because the system is based ...Supervisory control and protection system of the neutral beam injector （NBI） in the HL-2A tokamak is presented. The system is used for a safe coordination of all the main NBI subsystems. Because the system is based on computer networks with its transmission medium of optical fiber, its advantages in high operational stability, reliability, security and flexible functional expandability are clearly shown during the NBI commissioning and heating experiment in HL-2A.展开更多
Let φ be an Orlicz function that has a complementary function φ＊ and let lφ be an Orlicz sequence space. We prove a similar version of Rearrangement Inequality and Chebyshev＇s Sum Inequality in lφ FX, the Freml...Let φ be an Orlicz function that has a complementary function φ＊ and let lφ be an Orlicz sequence space. We prove a similar version of Rearrangement Inequality and Chebyshev＇s Sum Inequality in lφ FX, the Fremlin projective tensor product of lφ with a Banach lattice X, and in lφ iX, the Wittstock injective tensor product of lφ with a Banach lattice X.展开更多
文摘Deep-well injection is a cost-effective alternative for industrial wastewater disposal, given the appropriate geology. Fouling of injection well tubing by biofilm or scale is common and reduces the effective diameter of the pipe, which results in increased wellhead pressure and lower injectivity. A detailed microbiological composition of biofilms and abiotic fingerprints use of mineral scale from an injection well has not been reported before. Therefore, biofilm and mineral scale samples from three depth intervals within a deep injection well (surface zone, D1= 0 - 61 m;intermediate zone, D2 = 62 - 457 m;and above the injection zone, D3 = 458 - 884 m) with recurrent biofilm development were collected to characterize the mineral composition and microbial community DNA. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the solids confirms the composition of the solids collected was mostly calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with minor contributions from common mineral salts. Microbiological fingerprinting suggests that methanogenic archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria both of which are anaerobic biofilm producers were the most prevalent members of the prokaryotic community at all sampled depths. Methanosarcinae spp. increased with increasing depths, unlike other archaea. A non-pathogenic biofilm-producing Entamoeba dispar was the most prevalent member of the microbial domain (>30%) in all samples but was highest at the middle depth. The Chao alpha diversity indices for bacteria, viruses, and protozoans were highest at the shallow depth and gradually declined with increasing depth. The prevalent species above the injection zone depth are not barophilic organisms that thrive at high pressures, rather they are sulfate-reducing bacteria involved in anaerobic dissimilatory sulfate metabolism.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province in China (No.2017SF-028)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No.2019JQ-953)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities sponsored by Xi’an Jiaotong University (No.11913291000038/11913200000213)。
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of on ocular surface microbiota in patients who received intravitreal injections.METHODS:Samples of ocular surface microbiota were obtained from 41 eyes of 41 patients who visited the Department of Ophthalmology.Patients were separated for three groups.Group A did not receive perioperative managements or intravitreal injection.Group B1 received only once and B2 received more than twice.In operating room,the samples were collected on the ocular surface.Operating taxonomic units(OTUs) clustering and alpha/beta diversity analysis was performed.The microbial 16S rRNA from samples were analyzed using the Hi Seq 2500 platform.RESULTS:Alpha diversity did not differ in each group,and beta diversity differed in the B2 group.Beta diversity showed a significant difference between Group A and B2(P=0.048).With the perioperative managements before intravitreal injection,the composition and relative abundance were altered.Top 10 microbiota on phylum and genus level,and then microbiota notably changed at genus level were listed.Gram-negative bacteria were varied more.Furthermore,Proteus was not found in Groups A and B1,but it was appeared after the patients received perioperative management and intravitreal injections in Group B2.CONCLUSION:With the perioperative managements,the balance of microbiota on the ocular surface is destroyed,and relative composition and abundance of microbiota on the ocular surface is obviously altered.The clinical doctors should pay more attention on the consequence of perioperative managements before intravitreal injection.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60673081)863 Program(2006AA01Z417)
文摘Let Z/（p^e） be the integer residue ring modulo p^e with p an odd prime and integer e ≥ 3. For a sequence a over Z/（p^e）, there is a unique p-adic decomposition a- = a-0 ＋a-1 .p ＋… ＋ a-e-l .p^e-1 where each a-i can be regarded as a sequence over Z/（p）, 0 ≤ i ≤ e - 1. Let f（x） be a primitive polynomial over Z/（p^e） and G＇（f（x）,p^e） the set of all primitive sequences generated by f（x） over Z/（p^e）. For μ（x） ∈ Z/（p）[x] with deg（μ（x）） ≥ 2 and gad（1 ＋ deg（μ（x））,p- 1） = 1, setφe-1 （x0, x1,… , xe-1） = xe-1. [μ（xe-2） ＋ ηe-3（x0, X1,…, xe-3）] ＋ ηe-2（x0, X1,…, xe-2） which is a function of e variables over Z/（p）. Then the compressing mapφe-1 ： G＇（f（x）,p^e） → （Z/（p））^∞ ,a-→φe-1（a-0,a-1, … ,a-e-1） is injective. That is, for a-,b-∈ G＇（f（x）,p^e）, a- = b- if and only if φe-1 （a-0,a-1, … ,a-e-1） = φe-1（b-0, b-1,… ,b-e-1）. As for the case of e = 2, similar result is also given. Furthermore, if functions φe-1 and ψe-1 over Z/（p） are both of the above form and satisfy φe-1（a-0,a-1,…,a-e-1）=ψe-1（b-0, b-1,… ,b-e-1） for a-,b-∈G＇（f（x）,p^e）, the relations between a- and b-, φe-1 and ψe-1 are discussed
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42072130,41872152).
文摘Based on the petrology,isotope geochemistry and fluid inclusions analysis,we established the evolutionary mode of the diagenetic fluid of dawsonite-bearing sandstone in the Jiyang Depression.Dawsonite-bearing sandstone is characterized by double injection of CO_(2)and oil-gas in the Jiyang Depression that have experienced a relatively complex diagenetic fluid evolution process.The diagenetic sequence of secondary minerals involves secondary enlargement of quartz,kaolinite,first-stage calcite,dawsonite,second-stage calcite,ferrocalcite,dolomite and ankerite.Hydrocarbon charging in the dawsonite-bearing sandstone occurred at around 2.6–0 Myr.The CO_(2)charging event occurred during Dongying tectonism,forming the Pingfangwang CO_(2)gas reservoir,which provided an abundant carbon source for dawsonite precipitation.Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of dawsonite demonstrate that CO_(2)forming the dawsonite was of an inorganic origin derived from the mantle,and that water mediating the proc-ess during dawsonite precipitation was sequestered brine with a fluid temperature of 82℃.The evolutionary sequence of the diagenetic fluid in the dawsonite-bearing sandstone was:alkaline syngenetic fluids,weak alkaline fluids during organic acid forma-tion,acidic fluids in the early stage of CO_(2)injection,alkaline fluids in the late stage of CO_(2)injection,and weak alkaline fluids during oil and gas charging.The mode indicates an increase in-HCO_(3)because of the CO_(2)injection,and the loss of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)due to the precipitation of carbonate minerals.Therefore,the evolutionary mode of diagenetic fluids is in good agreement with high HCO_(3)^(-),low Ca^(2+)and low Mg^(2+)composition of the present formation water in the dawsonite-bearing sandstone.
文摘Supervisory control and protection system of the neutral beam injector （NBI） in the HL-2A tokamak is presented. The system is used for a safe coordination of all the main NBI subsystems. Because the system is based on computer networks with its transmission medium of optical fiber, its advantages in high operational stability, reliability, security and flexible functional expandability are clearly shown during the NBI commissioning and heating experiment in HL-2A.
文摘Let φ be an Orlicz function that has a complementary function φ＊ and let lφ be an Orlicz sequence space. We prove a similar version of Rearrangement Inequality and Chebyshev＇s Sum Inequality in lφ FX, the Fremlin projective tensor product of lφ with a Banach lattice X, and in lφ iX, the Wittstock injective tensor product of lφ with a Banach lattice X.
