It is generally thought that the influence of comparable track typhoons is approximately similar, but in fact their wind and especially their rainstorm distribution are often very different. Therefore, a contrastive a...It is generally thought that the influence of comparable track typhoons is approximately similar, but in fact their wind and especially their rainstorm distribution are often very different. Therefore, a contrastive analysis of rainstorms by tropical cyclones (TCs) Haitang (0505) and Bilis (0604), which are of a similar track, is designed to help understand the mechanism of the TC rainstorm and to improve forecasting skills. The daily rainfall of TC Haitang (0505) and Bilis (0604) is diagnosed and compared. The result indicates that these two TCs have similar precipitation distribution before landfall but different precipitation characteristics after landfall. Using NCEP/GFS analysis data, the synoptic situation is analyzed; water vapor transportation is discussed regarding the calculated water vapor flux and divergence. The results show that the heavy rainfall in the Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces associated with Haitang (0505) and Bilis (0604) before landfall results from a peripheral easterly wind, a combination of the tropical cyclone and the terrain. After landfall and moving far inland of the storm, the precipitation of Haitang is caused by water vapor convergence carried by its own circulation; it is much weaker than that in the coastal area. One of the important contributing factors to heavy rainstorms in southeast Zhejiang is a southeast jet stream, which is maintained over the southeast coast. In contrast, the South China Sea monsoon circulation transports large amounts of water vapor into Bilis – when a water-vapor transport belt south of the tropical cyclone significantly strengthens – which strengthens the transport. Then, it causes water vapor flux to converge on the south side of Bilis and diverge on the north side. Precipitation is much stronger on the south side than that on the north side. After Bilis travels far inland, the cold air guided by a north trough travels into the TC and remarkably enhances precipitation. In summary, combining vertical wind shear with water vapor transportation is a good way to predict rainstorms associated with landing tropical cyclones.展开更多
用HYSPLIT v4.9轨迹追踪模式,以分辨率为2.5°×2.5°的再分析资料驱动模式,对东北地区308例冷涡暴雨过程中的目标气块,进行后向轨迹追踪模拟。结果显示东北冷涡暴雨主要有4个水汽源地,(Ⅰ)西太平洋及相邻海域(包括鄂霍次...用HYSPLIT v4.9轨迹追踪模式,以分辨率为2.5°×2.5°的再分析资料驱动模式,对东北地区308例冷涡暴雨过程中的目标气块,进行后向轨迹追踪模拟。结果显示东北冷涡暴雨主要有4个水汽源地,(Ⅰ)西太平洋及相邻海域(包括鄂霍次克海、日本海、黄海、渤海和东海)水汽贡献率最大,平均水汽贡献率达39.8%;依次是(Ⅱ)孟加拉湾—南海海域为32.1%;(Ⅲ)欧亚大陆,尤其是贝加尔湖附近为20.9%;(Ⅳ)东北地区的水汽贡献率最小,仅为7.2%。欧亚大陆主要输送700 h Pa高度附近的干冷气团,而各海域则输送800 h Pa高度以下的暖湿气团。展开更多
A computational modeling for the sheet cavitating flows is presented. The cavitation model is implemented in a viscous Navier-Stokes solver. The cavity interface and shape are determined using an iterative procedure m...A computational modeling for the sheet cavitating flows is presented. The cavitation model is implemented in a viscous Navier-Stokes solver. The cavity interface and shape are determined using an iterative procedure matching the cavity surface to a constant pressure boundary. The pressure distribution, as well as its gradient on the wall, is taken into account in updating the cavity shape iteratively. Numerical computations are performed for the sheet cavitating flows at a range of cavitation numbers across the hemispheric headform/cylinder body with different grid numbers. The influence of the relaxation factor in the cavity shape updating scheme for the algorithm accuracy and reliability is conducted through comparison with other two cavity shape updating numerical schemes. The results obtained are reasonable and the iterative procedure of cavity shape updating is quite stable, which demonstrate the superiority of the proposed cavitation model and algorithms.展开更多
基金Plan Project of Wenzhou Science and Technology (S20080030)Open Study Special Project of Meteorological Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province (KF2008004)+1 种基金Cultivation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project, Ministry of Education of China (708051)Natural Science Foundation of China (40875068)
文摘It is generally thought that the influence of comparable track typhoons is approximately similar, but in fact their wind and especially their rainstorm distribution are often very different. Therefore, a contrastive analysis of rainstorms by tropical cyclones (TCs) Haitang (0505) and Bilis (0604), which are of a similar track, is designed to help understand the mechanism of the TC rainstorm and to improve forecasting skills. The daily rainfall of TC Haitang (0505) and Bilis (0604) is diagnosed and compared. The result indicates that these two TCs have similar precipitation distribution before landfall but different precipitation characteristics after landfall. Using NCEP/GFS analysis data, the synoptic situation is analyzed; water vapor transportation is discussed regarding the calculated water vapor flux and divergence. The results show that the heavy rainfall in the Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces associated with Haitang (0505) and Bilis (0604) before landfall results from a peripheral easterly wind, a combination of the tropical cyclone and the terrain. After landfall and moving far inland of the storm, the precipitation of Haitang is caused by water vapor convergence carried by its own circulation; it is much weaker than that in the coastal area. One of the important contributing factors to heavy rainstorms in southeast Zhejiang is a southeast jet stream, which is maintained over the southeast coast. In contrast, the South China Sea monsoon circulation transports large amounts of water vapor into Bilis – when a water-vapor transport belt south of the tropical cyclone significantly strengthens – which strengthens the transport. Then, it causes water vapor flux to converge on the south side of Bilis and diverge on the north side. Precipitation is much stronger on the south side than that on the north side. After Bilis travels far inland, the cold air guided by a north trough travels into the TC and remarkably enhances precipitation. In summary, combining vertical wind shear with water vapor transportation is a good way to predict rainstorms associated with landing tropical cyclones.
文摘用HYSPLIT v4.9轨迹追踪模式,以分辨率为2.5°×2.5°的再分析资料驱动模式,对东北地区308例冷涡暴雨过程中的目标气块,进行后向轨迹追踪模拟。结果显示东北冷涡暴雨主要有4个水汽源地,(Ⅰ)西太平洋及相邻海域(包括鄂霍次克海、日本海、黄海、渤海和东海)水汽贡献率最大,平均水汽贡献率达39.8%;依次是(Ⅱ)孟加拉湾—南海海域为32.1%;(Ⅲ)欧亚大陆,尤其是贝加尔湖附近为20.9%;(Ⅳ)东北地区的水汽贡献率最小,仅为7.2%。欧亚大陆主要输送700 h Pa高度附近的干冷气团,而各海域则输送800 h Pa高度以下的暖湿气团。
基金This project is supported by the Grants from Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(SRFDP), China(No.20040698049)Natural Science Foundation of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China(No.2004).
文摘A computational modeling for the sheet cavitating flows is presented. The cavitation model is implemented in a viscous Navier-Stokes solver. The cavity interface and shape are determined using an iterative procedure matching the cavity surface to a constant pressure boundary. The pressure distribution, as well as its gradient on the wall, is taken into account in updating the cavity shape iteratively. Numerical computations are performed for the sheet cavitating flows at a range of cavitation numbers across the hemispheric headform/cylinder body with different grid numbers. The influence of the relaxation factor in the cavity shape updating scheme for the algorithm accuracy and reliability is conducted through comparison with other two cavity shape updating numerical schemes. The results obtained are reasonable and the iterative procedure of cavity shape updating is quite stable, which demonstrate the superiority of the proposed cavitation model and algorithms.
