Three sampling cross sections along the south path starting from the Tropics through the vapor passage in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the middle-low reaches of the Yangtze River, the north path from West China, via ...Three sampling cross sections along the south path starting from the Tropics through the vapor passage in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the middle-low reaches of the Yangtze River, the north path from West China, via North China, to Japan under the westerlies, and the plateau path from South Asia over the Himalayas to the northern Tibetan Plateau, are set up, based on the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)/WMO global survey network and sampling sites on the Tibetan Plateau. The variations, and the relationship with precipitation and temperature, of the δ18 O in precipitation along the three cross sections are analyzed and compared. Along the south path, the seasonal differences of mean δ18O in precipitation are small at the stations located in the Tropics, but increase markedly from Bangkok towards the north, with the δ18O in the rainy season smaller than in,the dry season. The δ18O values in precipitation fluctuate on the whole, which shows that there are different vapor sources. Along the north path, the seasonal differences of the mean δ18O in precipitation for the stations in the west of Zhengzhou are all greater than in the east of Zhengzhou. During the cold half of the year, the mean δ18O in precipitation reaches its minimum at Urumqi with the lowest temperature due to the wide, cold high pressure over Mongolia, then increases gradually with longitude, and remains at roughly the same level at the stations eastward from Zhengzhou. During the warm half of the year, the δ18O values in precipitation are lower in the east than in the west, markedly influenced by the summer monsoon over East Asia. Along the plateau path, the mean δ18O values in precipitation in the rainy season are correspondingly high in the southern parts of the Indian subcontinent, and then decrease gradually with latitude. A sharp depletion of the stable isotopic compositions in precipitation takes place due to the very strong rainout of the stable isotopic compositions in vapor in the process of lifting over the southern slope of the Himalayas. The low level of the δ18O in precipitation is from Nyalam to the Tanggula Mountains during the rainy season, but δ18O increases persistently with increasing latitude from the Tanggula Mountains to the northern Tibetan Plateau because of the replenishment of vapor with relatively heavy stable isotopic compositions originating from the inner plateau. During the dry season, the mean δ18O values in precipitation basically decrease along the path from the south to the north. Generally, the mean δ18O in precipitation during the rainy season is lower than in the dry season for the regions controlled by the monsoons over South Asia or the plateau, and opposite for the regions without a monsoon or with a weak monsoon.展开更多
为深入认识四川盆地持续性暴雨的水汽特征及来源,提高该地区暴雨预报能力,利用四川省4955个国家级及区域级自动气象站资料、全球资料同化系统(Global Data Assimilation System,GDAS)资料、欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Me...为深入认识四川盆地持续性暴雨的水汽特征及来源,提高该地区暴雨预报能力,利用四川省4955个国家级及区域级自动气象站资料、全球资料同化系统(Global Data Assimilation System,GDAS)资料、欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代大气再分析资料(ERA5),基于拉格朗日方法对四川盆地2020年8月的一次持续性暴雨过程的水汽输送特征进行了分析。结果表明:强降水开始前和强降水过程中,不同起始高度层水汽输送特征有所不同。中高层起始高度(5500~10000 m),强降水开始前气团轨迹源地主要为低纬洋面,而在强降水过程中调整为地中海南岸并为盆地带来中高纬西风带干冷空气;中低层起始高度(1500~5500 m),降水过程中气团轨迹源地由地中海南岸逐渐调整为低纬洋面并为盆地带来低纬洋面暖湿空气;低层起始高度(地面至1500 m),强降水开始前轨迹源地率先调整为低纬洋面并为盆地输送比中低层更为暖湿的气流。统计不同源地水汽贡献率可知,孟加拉湾—泰国湾的水汽占主导(66.6%)、阿拉伯海次之(23.9%)、中国南海最低(9.5%)。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2002AA135360)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40271025 and 90302006).
文摘Three sampling cross sections along the south path starting from the Tropics through the vapor passage in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the middle-low reaches of the Yangtze River, the north path from West China, via North China, to Japan under the westerlies, and the plateau path from South Asia over the Himalayas to the northern Tibetan Plateau, are set up, based on the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)/WMO global survey network and sampling sites on the Tibetan Plateau. The variations, and the relationship with precipitation and temperature, of the δ18 O in precipitation along the three cross sections are analyzed and compared. Along the south path, the seasonal differences of mean δ18O in precipitation are small at the stations located in the Tropics, but increase markedly from Bangkok towards the north, with the δ18O in the rainy season smaller than in,the dry season. The δ18O values in precipitation fluctuate on the whole, which shows that there are different vapor sources. Along the north path, the seasonal differences of the mean δ18O in precipitation for the stations in the west of Zhengzhou are all greater than in the east of Zhengzhou. During the cold half of the year, the mean δ18O in precipitation reaches its minimum at Urumqi with the lowest temperature due to the wide, cold high pressure over Mongolia, then increases gradually with longitude, and remains at roughly the same level at the stations eastward from Zhengzhou. During the warm half of the year, the δ18O values in precipitation are lower in the east than in the west, markedly influenced by the summer monsoon over East Asia. Along the plateau path, the mean δ18O values in precipitation in the rainy season are correspondingly high in the southern parts of the Indian subcontinent, and then decrease gradually with latitude. A sharp depletion of the stable isotopic compositions in precipitation takes place due to the very strong rainout of the stable isotopic compositions in vapor in the process of lifting over the southern slope of the Himalayas. The low level of the δ18O in precipitation is from Nyalam to the Tanggula Mountains during the rainy season, but δ18O increases persistently with increasing latitude from the Tanggula Mountains to the northern Tibetan Plateau because of the replenishment of vapor with relatively heavy stable isotopic compositions originating from the inner plateau. During the dry season, the mean δ18O values in precipitation basically decrease along the path from the south to the north. Generally, the mean δ18O in precipitation during the rainy season is lower than in the dry season for the regions controlled by the monsoons over South Asia or the plateau, and opposite for the regions without a monsoon or with a weak monsoon.
文摘为深入认识四川盆地持续性暴雨的水汽特征及来源,提高该地区暴雨预报能力,利用四川省4955个国家级及区域级自动气象站资料、全球资料同化系统(Global Data Assimilation System,GDAS)资料、欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代大气再分析资料(ERA5),基于拉格朗日方法对四川盆地2020年8月的一次持续性暴雨过程的水汽输送特征进行了分析。结果表明:强降水开始前和强降水过程中,不同起始高度层水汽输送特征有所不同。中高层起始高度(5500~10000 m),强降水开始前气团轨迹源地主要为低纬洋面,而在强降水过程中调整为地中海南岸并为盆地带来中高纬西风带干冷空气;中低层起始高度(1500~5500 m),降水过程中气团轨迹源地由地中海南岸逐渐调整为低纬洋面并为盆地带来低纬洋面暖湿空气;低层起始高度(地面至1500 m),强降水开始前轨迹源地率先调整为低纬洋面并为盆地输送比中低层更为暖湿的气流。统计不同源地水汽贡献率可知,孟加拉湾—泰国湾的水汽占主导(66.6%)、阿拉伯海次之(23.9%)、中国南海最低(9.5%)。
