On maximum power point tracking control strategy for variable speed constant frequency wind power generation

Based on the characteristic of AC-excited variable speed constant frequency(VSCF)wind power generation,the vector control technique was applied in a doubly fed induction generator(DFIG).Maximum wind energy or maximum output power point can be tracked by decoupling control of active power and reactive power.The research result shows that the net power of generation system delivered to grid in maximum wind energy tracking mode is not the most.We presented a novel maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control strategy by analyzing the DFIG mathematic model and power relations which delivered the maximum power to the grid.The maximum power point could be tracked automatically without measuring wind speed in the control strategy and the control was independent of optimal turbine power curve,which had excellent dynamic and static performances and robustness.Simulation and experimental results testify the accuracy and validity of the control strategy.

The performance analysis and calculation for variable frequency speed control motors with the rotor structure optimized

In the paper, the method to optimize the rotor structure in variable frequency speed control motors is introduced. The saturation and the skin effect are considered and 2D no-load and load electromagnetic field is calculated in finite elements for a variable frequency speed control motor before and after optimization. Finally, no-load current and operation performance before and after optimization are obtained and the two results are contrasted.

The Control System Simulation of Variable-Speed Constant-Frequency Wind Turbine

In general,Variable-Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF)Wind generation system is controlled by stator voltage orientation method which based on the mathematic model of VSCF Wind generation system and discussed the control strategy.Present the whole dynamic control model of variable-speed wind generator system in MATLAB/ Simulink,and the simulation results confirm the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Cavitation Detection in Variable Speed Pump by Analyzing the Acoustic and Vibration Spectrums

Cavitation in pumps must be detected and prevented. The present work is an attempt to use the simultaneous measurements of vibration and sound for variable speed pump to detect cavitation. It is an attempt to declare the relationship between the vibration and sound for the same discharge of 780 L/h and NPSHA of 0.754 at variable speeds of 1476 rpm, 1644 rpm, 1932 rpm, 2190 rpm, 2466 rpm, and 2682 rpm. Results showed that: the occurrence of cavitation depends on the rotational speed, and the sound signals in both no cavitation and cavitation conditions appear in random manner. While, surveying the vibration and sound spectrums at the second, third, and fourth blade passing frequencies reveals no indications or phenomenon associated with the cavitation at variable speeds. It is recommended to survey the vibration spectra at the rotational and blade passing frequencies simultaneously as a detection unique method of cavitation.

ASSESSMENT OF AN ELECTRO MECHANICAL DIFFERENTIAL GEAR PROVIDING VARIABLE SPEED TO INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

当前,标准工业应用对于整体传动系统效率的要求日益提高,如压缩机、鼓风机、风扇及水泵。现有的系统如VFD或液压变速控制系统不能满足能源成本的需求。几年前一个创新性的变速系统EMDS(机电差速系统)出现在市场上,在总效率和初始成本上显示出巨大的潜力。该系统由一个主驱动(直接连接电网)、一个包含行星齿轮级的齿轮箱和一个伺服变频控制驱动组成。伺服驱动(最大为系统总功率的20%)通过主驱动的恒定速度来控制齿轮箱输出速度。此外这一设置使得电力元件最少化同时在整个传动当中占用空间小。研究表明,该系统可应用于最高至15MW和15 000r/min速度的变速应用上。长期运行将证明,该方案是否能安全满足工业的高标准和需求。作者对比了EMDS和其他变速系统的技术优势,并分析了EMDS的技术原理并包括详细的效率对比。此外还给出了实际应用证明案例。

Circulating current suppression for ground tied variable frequency to constant frequency converter system in aircraft

This paper presents a solution to the circulating current fault of aircraft power supply.The DC-link type Variable Frequency to Constant Frequency(VFCF)converter system is the preferred scheme to feed the constant 400 Hz load in an aircraft with a variable frequency power supply.Due to the requirement of aircraft standards,both grounds of the rectification and inversion stage are tied to the metal frame of the aircraft.With such a tied ground,the DC bus voltage rises greatly,and a large circulating current appears in the casing as the ground,which leads to equipment failure and potential safety hazards.According to the existing methods of circulating current fault suppression,this paper analyzes the causes of the above faults and the harmonic components of circulating current and points out the limitations of the existing methods.Therefore,a Common-Mode(CM)choke-based method is proposed to provide a high impedance in the path of the CM circulating current.By doing so,the circulating current can be suppressed without the additional burden of the hardware and control algorithm,which is quite friendly for quality control of mass-production aircraft.Moreover,a simplified mathematic model of the VFCF converter system is derived to calculate the minimum inductance value reference of the CM choke,which saves the weight of passive devices to the greatest extent.Finally,simulation and experimental results are studied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

基于自适应窗口与压缩幅值的瞬时转频估计

针对变转速工况下轴承信号的时频分布能量发散、噪声和谐波干扰强导致其转频难以获取的问题,提出一种基于自适应窗口和压缩幅值的瞬时转频估计方法。首先,通过自适应窗口在频率轴方向搜索出脊线窗口避免噪声和谐波的干扰;其次,在脊线窗口内用压缩幅值方法集中发散的脊线能量;然后,用惩罚函数法提取脊线,实现转频的精确估计;最后,根据采用轴承实验台收集的数据验证了所提出方法的有效性和鲁棒性。结果表明,相比于传统方法,采用所提方法估计瞬时转动频率使误差降低约8%。

智能化视角下造纸机传动系统变频调速控制研究

在当今造纸行业向智能化转型的背景下,造纸机作为纸张生产的核心设备,其传动系统的高效运行对整体生产效率和产品质量起着决定性作用。电气自动化与变频调速技术的深入应用,极大地推动了造纸机控制系统的技术进步,为实现造纸机械高效、稳定生产提供了坚实的技术基础。基于此,在探讨造纸机传动控制系统的构成与设计关键点,并针对常见的变频调速技术进行分析,特别是直接转矩控制(DTC)算法在优化传动系统中减少异步电机电磁转矩波动、降低能耗、提升效率方面的应用,旨在为造纸机传动系统的优化提供切实可行的解决方案。

Pitch link loads reduction of variable speed rotors by variable tuning frequency fluidlastic isolators

To reduce the pitch link loads of variable speed rotors, variable tuning frequency fluid- lastic isolators are proposed. This isolator utilizes the variation of centrifugal force due to the change of rotor speed to change the tuning port area ratio, which can change the tuning frequency of the isolator. A rotor model including the model of fluidlastic isolator is coupled with a fuselage model to predict the steady responses of the rotor system in forward flight. The aeroelastic analyses indicate that distinct performance improvement in pitch link load control can be achieved by the utilization of variable frequency isolators compared with the constant tuning frequency isolators. The 4/rev （per revolution） pitch link load is observed to be reduced by 87.6% compared with the increase of 56.3% by the constant frequency isolator, when the rotor speed is reduced by 16.7%. The isolation ability at different rotor speeds in different flight states is investigated. To achieve overall load reduction within the whole range of rotor speed, the strategy of the variation of tuning frequency is adjusted. The results indicate that the 4/rev pitch link load within the whole rotor speed range is decreased.

基于参数优化VMD和TET的柔直线路单端故障测距方法

单端行波故障测距方法在考虑频变波速影响时需要提取故障行波时频域特征,但现有方法存在时频分辨率较低、波头识别困难和波速计算不准确的问题。为此,提出一种基于参数优化变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)和瞬态提取变换(transient extraction transform,TET)的单端故障定位方法。首先,利用麻雀搜索算法(sparrow search algorithm,SSA)优化VMD参数,提取含有故障特征的高频模态分量。然后,对该模态分量进行瞬态提取变换,通过去除短时傅里叶变换中模糊的时频能量,保留与信号瞬态特征密切相关的时频信息,得到故障行波时频域全波形。最后,在故障行波全波形中提取主频分量并标定初始波头与第二反射波头,通过计算主频分量下的波速度,结合行波定位方法实现单端故障测距。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建四端柔性直流电网的仿真结果表明,所提算法对过渡电阻和噪声具有较强的耐受性,即使在较低采样率下也能实现准确的故障定位。

自适应窗口旋转优化短时傅里叶变换的变转速滚动轴承故障诊断

针对短时傅里叶变换(STFT)中固定窗效应所导致的能量集中度不高的问题,提出了一种自适应窗口旋转优化短时傅里叶变换(AWROSTFT)的变转速滚动轴承故障诊断方法。通过变分模态分解(VMD)对原始振动信号进行降噪,并利用粒子群优化算法(PSO)解决了VMD参数选择困难的问题;利用切线思想对STFT中水平窗口自适应匹配一系列的旋转算子,使得窗口旋转方向接近甚至等于瞬时调频率,提高了时频表示的能量集中度;计算出谱峰检测法提取到的瞬时频率与转频的平均比值,将得到的结果与轴承的故障特征系数进行匹配,以此实现变转速工况下滚动轴承的故障诊断。仿真和实验的结果都表明,本文所提方法能够兼顾PSO-VMD和AWROST-FT的优势,通过切线思想自适应的旋转窗口使得信号与窗函数在全局上的夹角都为零,从而达到提高能量集中度和锐化时频脊线的目的,实现了变转速工况下滚动轴承的故障诊断。

风电场与多分布式变速抽水蓄能协同调频控制

针对单个变速抽蓄调频容量不足和风电场调频后转子转速恢复容易引发频率二次跌落的问题,提出一种风电场与多分布式变速抽水蓄能协同调频控制策略。首先,当电网发生频率事件时,该策略根据风电场风速和区域内多分布式变速抽水蓄能可调节容量对电网频率提供支撑。然后,针对风电调频后转子转速恢复过程容易引发系统频率二次跌落的问题,在风电转子转速恢复时通过多分布式变速抽蓄提供功率支撑来缓解系统频率二次跌落。最后,以含风电场与分布式变速抽蓄的四机两区域系统为例,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真验证了所提控制策略相比风电场和多分布式变速抽水蓄能独立调频对于系统具有更好的调频效果。

FX高速包装机成品烟条输送装置的设计与应用

为解决FX高速包装机成品烟条输送过程中损耗高的问题,设计一种新的成品烟条输送装置。该装置主要由变频电机、输送链板、限位装置及下滑装置4个部分组成,通过传感器监控成品烟条的运输过程,出现成品烟条堵塞时立即停止包装机和输送链板,并实时调整变频电机的速度,实现成品烟条的均匀运输,减少停机次数;通过限位装置对成品烟条进行平衡、减速,保证成品烟条在下滑装置的运输过程中保持稳定,降低成品烟条的损耗。以某卷烟厂生产的实际为对象对该装置进行测试,结果表明,应用后成品烟条损耗降低30%,成品烟条滑落和掉落的问题降低到0,运输过程中成品烟条堵塞的次数减少70%,为提高FX高速包装机的高生产效率提供保障。

Frequency Regulation of VSC-MTDC System with Offshore Wind Farms

Frequency regulation of voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(VSC-MTDC)system with offshore wind farms enhances the frequency stability by compensating the power for a disturbed AC system.However,it is difficult to reasonably allocate frequency-regulation resources due to a lack of coordination mechanisms between wind farms and the MTDC system.Moreover,it is difficult for the frequency control of the wind farms to manage changes in wind speed;and the risk of wind-turbine stalls is high.Thus,based on the kinetic energy of wind turbines and the power margin of the converters,the frequency-regulation capability of wind turbines is evaluated,and a dynamic frequency-support scheme considering the real-time frequency-support capability of the wind turbines and system frequency evolution is proposed to improve the frequency-support performance.A power adaptation technique at variable wind speeds is developed;the active power in the frequency-support stage and restoration stage is switched according to the wind speed.A hierarchical zoning frequency-regulation scheme is designed to use the frequency-regulation resources of different links in the MTDC system with wind farms.The simulation results show that the novel frequency-regulation strategy maintains frequency stability with wind-speed changes and avoids multiple frequency dips.

变速抽水蓄能机组功率优先控制模式的运行稳定域分析

变速机组相较于传统定速机组在运行和调节中具有快速、高效、灵活和可靠等优点。然而变速抽水蓄能电站刚刚起步,其在有功功率调节过程中的运行稳定性需要进一步研究。本文中基于MATLAB和Simulink作为主要工具研究变速抽水蓄能电站在有功功率调节中的动态稳定性。首先,建立了一个变速抽水蓄能电站的水-机-电耦合的数学模型。然后,建立13阶状态矩阵用于理论研究系统的动态稳定性,并进行时域模拟进一步验证和分析,验证了理论矩阵和数学模型的有效性和合理性。结果表明,变速抽水蓄能机组在并网条件下的有功功率调节的过程中,可能面临失去稳定性的风险,这是定速机组不会出现的新问题。因此,在变速抽水蓄能电站的设计和运行过程中,需要重点关注系统特性参数与控制参数的匹配问题。研究结果可为提高变速抽水蓄能电站调节稳定性提供技术参考。

永磁同步电机变频调速系统动态解耦控制方法

常规的永磁同步电机变频调速系统解耦控制,主要采用系统反馈信号完成解耦控制,忽略了反馈信号的预测误差,导致解耦控制结果负荷响应幅值不够稳定.因此,提出永磁同步电机变频调速系统动态解耦控制方法.建立系统数学模型,在该模型中分离系统模式系数获取控制信号,对该信号进行优化处理,基于输出期望值计算预测误差,加权修正预测值,形成动态控制信号,分离有功-无功信号实现动态解耦控制.实验结果表明:所提方法应用后得出的动态解耦控制结果,表现出的负荷响应幅值较为稳定,满足了永磁同步电机变频调速系统的实际解耦控制需求.

变频调速技术在自动控制系统优化中的应用

阐述变频调速技术在机械自动化控制中的应用,包括深度指示器、等速段超速、减速段超速的应用,以及匀速电机超速的保护。针对系统稳定性、调速精度、可靠性方面的问题,提出优化措施。

静态试验机的伺服调速液压控制系统设计

传统的伺服液压站是通过改变比例阀的开度来调整液压液输出压力的大小。这种方法会造成能源浪费,而且必须增加冷却散热装置。因此,针对静态或准静态的试验机,设计一个伺服调速液压控制系统。首先,分析静态试验机的伺服调速液压控制系统的结构;其次,介绍控制系统的主要硬件设计,包括DKZQ-1010智能伺服控制器的控制电路和接口设计;最后,阐述伺服调速液压控制系统的软件设计。

变速恒频水轮机变流量工况下不稳定流动数值模拟

为了研究变流量条件下变速恒频水轮机正常运转时的涡流特性和水动力特性,基于STAR-CCM+软件进行了混流式变速恒频水轮机的水动力特性数值模拟,研究了定流量和正弦流量两种工况下导叶和转轮压力脉动特性和内部流动状态,对旋转速度改变引起的涡旋演化过程进行了可视化展示。结果表明:在低转速时,尾水管进口和转轮交界处存在随转速降低而聚合产生的大尺度涡,但在转速升高后其逐渐破碎、分离,最后消散;叶片靠近叶轮流道入口的吸力面上均存在涡流,尾水管中存在两个涡核中心,且位置随转速改变;无叶空间的压力脉动相对其余位置更剧烈,脉动幅值随着转速和流量的增大而增大。研究成果可为变速恒频水轮机的设计和工程应用提供依据和参考。