In this paper, we assessed the ecological and biodiversity status in the Bohai Sea through a quantitative survey on mac-rofaunal community at 25 stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters in the autumn of 2006.We tes...In this paper, we assessed the ecological and biodiversity status in the Bohai Sea through a quantitative survey on mac-rofaunal community at 25 stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters in the autumn of 2006.We tested the robustness and effectiveness of taxonomic distinctness as an ecological indictor by analyzing its correlation with species richness and natural environmental variables and by analyzing other ecological indicators (Shannon-Wiener H' and W statistics from Abundance Biomass Comparison curve).Results so obtained indicated that the benthic environment of the study waters in general is not under major impact of anthropogenic disturbance, but some stations in Laizhou Bay and along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and even in the central Bohai Sea might be moderately disturbed and showed signs of ecological degradation.The taxonomic distinctness measures △+ and Λ+ were independent of sampling effort and natural environment factors and were compliant to other ecological indicators.Further application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator to assess marine biodiversity and ecosystem health on a larger regional scale with historical data seems promising.展开更多
The intertidal zone is a complex coastal area exposed to a wide variety of environmental factors. During low tide, rocky pools are exposed to air for several hours throughout the day, and environmental conditions such...The intertidal zone is a complex coastal area exposed to a wide variety of environmental factors. During low tide, rocky pools are exposed to air for several hours throughout the day, and environmental conditions such as temperature and salinity are highly variable. Fish communities that inhabit these tide pools are also exposed to environmental variability;therefore it is important to look at fish community structure in relation to important environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen on tide pools during spring tides, time of greater exposure to air. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the variation of the taxonomic distinctness of intertidal fish communities considering temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen of the water that remains trapped in the tide pools during low tide. Visual census surveys were carried out monthly, from January to December 2015, in the intertidal zone of El Faro during spring tides on full moon days, when fluctuations of environmental variables are significant. Total extension of the census surveys was 156 × 5 m (780 m2). A total of 145 tide pools were sampled and divided in three groups (small, medium and large) according to size and depths that ranged from 20 to 45 cm. Temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen fluctuate throughout the year of study. Thermal difference between open ocean and tide pools ranged from 3.5°C to 4.5°C. A total of 3757 organisms from 22 species, 12 families, four orders and one class were recorded. When comparing taxonomic distinctness and average taxonomic distinctness between months and tide pools of different sizes, values fell within the confidence intervals in the tunnel and were located close to the mean.展开更多
Recent embryological evidence of studies of seedlings of Cupressus L.along with chemotaxonomic studies of heartwood components has demonstrated that Cupressus lusitanica Mill.did indeed originate from the country of I...Recent embryological evidence of studies of seedlings of Cupressus L.along with chemotaxonomic studies of heartwood components has demonstrated that Cupressus lusitanica Mill.did indeed originate from the country of India.In the mid-sixteenth century,Portuguese merchants established early trade routes between India and Portugal.The trade developed from the spice industry confirms Miller’s (1768) original description that Cupressus lusitanica did indeed originate from India.Later authors suggested that Cupressus lusitanica cultivated in Portugal was introduced from wild populations of Cupressus in Mexico.However,this latter theory was never accepted by native botanist in the country of Mexico,including noted botanist M.martinez (1948).In fact,all Cupressus species in India seem to have a different embryology than that of all Cupressus species in Nepal, Bhutan, China and Vietnam (Silba,1994).展开更多
The coastal areas of the Baja California peninsula are characterized mainly by rocky areas, where rock pools dominate as important coastal habitats because of the tide cycle, when the water is trapped during the low t...The coastal areas of the Baja California peninsula are characterized mainly by rocky areas, where rock pools dominate as important coastal habitats because of the tide cycle, when the water is trapped during the low tide, forming the pools. Environmental parameters like temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen of the water trapped in the pools are key factors for the flora and fauna that inhabit these areas, particularly during the warmer months when the mean values of these parameters are usually higher than the mean values of the sea surface. The aim of the present study was to determine the variation of the taxonomic diversity of the fish communities that inhabit the rock pools in the common land known as Conquista Agraria in the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, México, from 2015 to 2019. A total of 59 visual censuses were carried out monthly during the second low tide of the full moon. Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen showed variation throughout the study period, with two distinct seasons (warm and cold), which influenced the taxonomic diversity and taxonomic distinctness of the species recorded in the area. There was a higher diversity in the warmer months (summer) and years (2015 and 2016). In addition, according to the MDS analysis, 2017 and 2018 showed high similarity of species.展开更多
Background In the riverine riparian ecosystem,particularly in India,the knowledge of the effects of habitat disturbance on taxonomic distinctness,functional diversity,and local contribution toβdiversity(LCBD)of spide...Background In the riverine riparian ecosystem,particularly in India,the knowledge of the effects of habitat disturbance on taxonomic distinctness,functional diversity,and local contribution toβdiversity(LCBD)of spider community is elusive.The present study examined the relationships between the index of taxonomic distinctness(Δ^(+)),index of variation in taxonomic distinctness(λ^(+)),functional evenness(FEve),functional divergence(FDiv),functional dispersion(FDis),and LCBD of spider community of the Ganga River and the effects of habitat disturbance on these indices.A total of 27 sampling sites were selected along the bank of the Ganga River.Based on the rating of the disturbance scores,the sites were classified into lowly,moderately,and highly disturbed sites.To understand the relationships between species richness,Δ^(+),λ^(+),FDis,FDiv,FEve,LCBD,and habitat disturbance score,Pearson’s correlation was calculated,followed by the linear regression model.The one-way multivariate analysis of variance was used to find differences in taxonomic distinctness and functional diversity in the different disturbed sites.Results Significant relationships were found betweenλ^(+)andΔ^(+),FDis andΔ^(+),FDis andλ^(+),FDiv and species richness,FEve and species richness,FEve andλ^(+),FEve and habitat disturbance,LCBD and FEve,and LCBD and habitat disturbance.A significant difference was present in the indices of functional diversity between the lowly,moderately,and highly disturbed sites.Agriculture,garbage dump,human settlement,and created embankment influenced the spider community’sλ^(+),FEve,and LCBD.Conclusion Unrestrained anthropogenic activities exacerbate habitat disturbance by affecting ecological processes.Thus,understanding linkages between ecosystem disturbance,taxonomic,functional,andβdiversity can be fundamental to managing and conserving natural resources.This work highlights the importance of including taxonomic and functional diversity to comprehend the impact of habitat disturbance on riverine riparian spiders beyond just the number of species.An integrated taxonomic and functional diversity approach coupled withβdiversity can be used to support environmental assessment,restoration,and conservation planning of the biological resources of the Ganges River.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.40730847,40906063 and 41076090)
文摘In this paper, we assessed the ecological and biodiversity status in the Bohai Sea through a quantitative survey on mac-rofaunal community at 25 stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters in the autumn of 2006.We tested the robustness and effectiveness of taxonomic distinctness as an ecological indictor by analyzing its correlation with species richness and natural environmental variables and by analyzing other ecological indicators (Shannon-Wiener H' and W statistics from Abundance Biomass Comparison curve).Results so obtained indicated that the benthic environment of the study waters in general is not under major impact of anthropogenic disturbance, but some stations in Laizhou Bay and along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and even in the central Bohai Sea might be moderately disturbed and showed signs of ecological degradation.The taxonomic distinctness measures △+ and Λ+ were independent of sampling effort and natural environment factors and were compliant to other ecological indicators.Further application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator to assess marine biodiversity and ecosystem health on a larger regional scale with historical data seems promising.
文摘The intertidal zone is a complex coastal area exposed to a wide variety of environmental factors. During low tide, rocky pools are exposed to air for several hours throughout the day, and environmental conditions such as temperature and salinity are highly variable. Fish communities that inhabit these tide pools are also exposed to environmental variability;therefore it is important to look at fish community structure in relation to important environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen on tide pools during spring tides, time of greater exposure to air. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the variation of the taxonomic distinctness of intertidal fish communities considering temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen of the water that remains trapped in the tide pools during low tide. Visual census surveys were carried out monthly, from January to December 2015, in the intertidal zone of El Faro during spring tides on full moon days, when fluctuations of environmental variables are significant. Total extension of the census surveys was 156 × 5 m (780 m2). A total of 145 tide pools were sampled and divided in three groups (small, medium and large) according to size and depths that ranged from 20 to 45 cm. Temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen fluctuate throughout the year of study. Thermal difference between open ocean and tide pools ranged from 3.5°C to 4.5°C. A total of 3757 organisms from 22 species, 12 families, four orders and one class were recorded. When comparing taxonomic distinctness and average taxonomic distinctness between months and tide pools of different sizes, values fell within the confidence intervals in the tunnel and were located close to the mean.
文摘Recent embryological evidence of studies of seedlings of Cupressus L.along with chemotaxonomic studies of heartwood components has demonstrated that Cupressus lusitanica Mill.did indeed originate from the country of India.In the mid-sixteenth century,Portuguese merchants established early trade routes between India and Portugal.The trade developed from the spice industry confirms Miller’s (1768) original description that Cupressus lusitanica did indeed originate from India.Later authors suggested that Cupressus lusitanica cultivated in Portugal was introduced from wild populations of Cupressus in Mexico.However,this latter theory was never accepted by native botanist in the country of Mexico,including noted botanist M.martinez (1948).In fact,all Cupressus species in India seem to have a different embryology than that of all Cupressus species in Nepal, Bhutan, China and Vietnam (Silba,1994).
文摘The coastal areas of the Baja California peninsula are characterized mainly by rocky areas, where rock pools dominate as important coastal habitats because of the tide cycle, when the water is trapped during the low tide, forming the pools. Environmental parameters like temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen of the water trapped in the pools are key factors for the flora and fauna that inhabit these areas, particularly during the warmer months when the mean values of these parameters are usually higher than the mean values of the sea surface. The aim of the present study was to determine the variation of the taxonomic diversity of the fish communities that inhabit the rock pools in the common land known as Conquista Agraria in the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, México, from 2015 to 2019. A total of 59 visual censuses were carried out monthly during the second low tide of the full moon. Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen showed variation throughout the study period, with two distinct seasons (warm and cold), which influenced the taxonomic diversity and taxonomic distinctness of the species recorded in the area. There was a higher diversity in the warmer months (summer) and years (2015 and 2016). In addition, according to the MDS analysis, 2017 and 2018 showed high similarity of species.
基金National Mission for Clean Ganga(NMCG),Ministry of Jal Shakti,Government of India(Grant No.B-02/2015-16/1259/NMCG-WII PROPOSAL and B-03/2015-16/1077/NMCG-NEW PROPASAL).
文摘Background In the riverine riparian ecosystem,particularly in India,the knowledge of the effects of habitat disturbance on taxonomic distinctness,functional diversity,and local contribution toβdiversity(LCBD)of spider community is elusive.The present study examined the relationships between the index of taxonomic distinctness(Δ^(+)),index of variation in taxonomic distinctness(λ^(+)),functional evenness(FEve),functional divergence(FDiv),functional dispersion(FDis),and LCBD of spider community of the Ganga River and the effects of habitat disturbance on these indices.A total of 27 sampling sites were selected along the bank of the Ganga River.Based on the rating of the disturbance scores,the sites were classified into lowly,moderately,and highly disturbed sites.To understand the relationships between species richness,Δ^(+),λ^(+),FDis,FDiv,FEve,LCBD,and habitat disturbance score,Pearson’s correlation was calculated,followed by the linear regression model.The one-way multivariate analysis of variance was used to find differences in taxonomic distinctness and functional diversity in the different disturbed sites.Results Significant relationships were found betweenλ^(+)andΔ^(+),FDis andΔ^(+),FDis andλ^(+),FDiv and species richness,FEve and species richness,FEve andλ^(+),FEve and habitat disturbance,LCBD and FEve,and LCBD and habitat disturbance.A significant difference was present in the indices of functional diversity between the lowly,moderately,and highly disturbed sites.Agriculture,garbage dump,human settlement,and created embankment influenced the spider community’sλ^(+),FEve,and LCBD.Conclusion Unrestrained anthropogenic activities exacerbate habitat disturbance by affecting ecological processes.Thus,understanding linkages between ecosystem disturbance,taxonomic,functional,andβdiversity can be fundamental to managing and conserving natural resources.This work highlights the importance of including taxonomic and functional diversity to comprehend the impact of habitat disturbance on riverine riparian spiders beyond just the number of species.An integrated taxonomic and functional diversity approach coupled withβdiversity can be used to support environmental assessment,restoration,and conservation planning of the biological resources of the Ganges River.
