The temperature variation trend,cold and warm phases and asymmetric and inter-annual changes of maximum andminimum temperature were analyzed based on the average temperature data of annual,summer (from June to August)...The temperature variation trend,cold and warm phases and asymmetric and inter-annual changes of maximum andminimum temperature were analyzed based on the average temperature data of annual,summer (from June to August) and winter (from December to February) and the day by day maximum andminimum temperature data in January and July from 1954 to 2008 in Huailai County.The results showed that temperature in Huailai has risen in recent 55 years;The cold phase was from 1954 to 1986 and warm phase from 1987 to 2008;the linear warming rate ofminimum temperature in January was 0.070 8℃/a,and the maximum temperature in July increased slightly with the warming rate of 0.009 7℃/a,leading to higher temperature in winter and summer in Huailai.展开更多
In this paper, we derive the stochastic maximum principle for optimal control problems of the forward-backward Markovian regime-switching system. The control system is described by an anticipated forward-backward stoc...In this paper, we derive the stochastic maximum principle for optimal control problems of the forward-backward Markovian regime-switching system. The control system is described by an anticipated forward-backward stochastic pantograph equation and modulated by a continuous-time finite-state Markov chain. By virtue of classical variational approach, duality method, and convex analysis, we obtain a stochastic maximum principle for the optimal control.展开更多
文摘The temperature variation trend,cold and warm phases and asymmetric and inter-annual changes of maximum andminimum temperature were analyzed based on the average temperature data of annual,summer (from June to August) and winter (from December to February) and the day by day maximum andminimum temperature data in January and July from 1954 to 2008 in Huailai County.The results showed that temperature in Huailai has risen in recent 55 years;The cold phase was from 1954 to 1986 and warm phase from 1987 to 2008;the linear warming rate ofminimum temperature in January was 0.070 8℃/a,and the maximum temperature in July increased slightly with the warming rate of 0.009 7℃/a,leading to higher temperature in winter and summer in Huailai.
文摘In this paper, we derive the stochastic maximum principle for optimal control problems of the forward-backward Markovian regime-switching system. The control system is described by an anticipated forward-backward stochastic pantograph equation and modulated by a continuous-time finite-state Markov chain. By virtue of classical variational approach, duality method, and convex analysis, we obtain a stochastic maximum principle for the optimal control.
