Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been a pandemic for more than a year.With the expanding second wave of the pandemic in winter,the continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has brought new issues,including the significa...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been a pandemic for more than a year.With the expanding second wave of the pandemic in winter,the continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has brought new issues,including the significance of virus mutations in infection and the detection of asymptomatic infection.In this review,we first introduced several major SARS-CoV-2 mutations since the COVID-19 outbreak and then mentioned the widely used molecular detection techniques to diagnose COVID-19,primarily focusing on their strengths and limitations.We further discussed the effects of viral genetic variation and asymptomatic infection on the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The review finally summarized useful insights into the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 under the special situation being challenged by virus mutation and asymptomatic infection.展开更多
Epidemiological studies have provided overwhelming evidence for a causal role of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the pathogenesis of HBV infection a...Epidemiological studies have provided overwhelming evidence for a causal role of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the pathogenesis of HBV infection and carcinogenesis of HBV-associated HCC are still elusive.This review will summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in HBV-related liver carcinogenesis.The role of HBV in tumor formation appears to be complex,and may involve both direct and indirect mechanisms.Integration of HBV DNA into the host genome occurs at early steps of clonal tumor expansion,and it has been shown to enhance the host chromosomal instability,leading to large inverted duplications,deletions and chromosomal translocations.It has been shown that the rate of chromosomal alterations is increased significantly in HBV-related tumors.Prolonged expression of the viral regulatory HBV x protein may contribute to regulating cellular transcription,protein degradation,proliferation,and apoptotic signaling pathways,and it plays a critical role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project No.81970029)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(The Emergency Projects on COVID-19,xzy032020042)Qinnong Bank-XJTU special project for COVID-19(qnxjtu-12)。
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been a pandemic for more than a year.With the expanding second wave of the pandemic in winter,the continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has brought new issues,including the significance of virus mutations in infection and the detection of asymptomatic infection.In this review,we first introduced several major SARS-CoV-2 mutations since the COVID-19 outbreak and then mentioned the widely used molecular detection techniques to diagnose COVID-19,primarily focusing on their strengths and limitations.We further discussed the effects of viral genetic variation and asymptomatic infection on the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The review finally summarized useful insights into the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 under the special situation being challenged by virus mutation and asymptomatic infection.
文摘Epidemiological studies have provided overwhelming evidence for a causal role of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the pathogenesis of HBV infection and carcinogenesis of HBV-associated HCC are still elusive.This review will summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in HBV-related liver carcinogenesis.The role of HBV in tumor formation appears to be complex,and may involve both direct and indirect mechanisms.Integration of HBV DNA into the host genome occurs at early steps of clonal tumor expansion,and it has been shown to enhance the host chromosomal instability,leading to large inverted duplications,deletions and chromosomal translocations.It has been shown that the rate of chromosomal alterations is increased significantly in HBV-related tumors.Prolonged expression of the viral regulatory HBV x protein may contribute to regulating cellular transcription,protein degradation,proliferation,and apoptotic signaling pathways,and it plays a critical role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
