Cluster-based channel model is the main stream of fifth generation mobile communications, thus the accuracy of clustering algorithm is important. Traditional Gaussian mixture model (GMM) does not consider the power in...Cluster-based channel model is the main stream of fifth generation mobile communications, thus the accuracy of clustering algorithm is important. Traditional Gaussian mixture model (GMM) does not consider the power information which is important for the channel multipath clustering. In this paper, a normalized power weighted GMM (PGMM) is introduced to model the channel multipath components (MPCs). With MPC power as a weighted factor, the PGMM can fit the MPCs in accordance with the cluster-based channel models. Firstly, expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is employed to optimize the PGMM parameters. Then, to further increase the searching ability of EM and choose the optimal number of components without resort to cross-validation, the variational Bayesian (VB) inference is employed. Finally, 28 GHz indoor channel measurement data is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the PGMM clustering algorithm.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a new soft multi-phase segmentation model where it is assumed that the pixel intensities are distributed as a Gaussian mixture. The model is formulated as a minimization problem through the u...In this paper, we propose a new soft multi-phase segmentation model where it is assumed that the pixel intensities are distributed as a Gaussian mixture. The model is formulated as a minimization problem through the use of the maximum likelihood estimator and phase-transition theory. The mixture coefficients, which are estimated using a spatially varying mean and variance procedure, are used for image segmentation. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
Three Bayesian related approaches,namely,variational Bayesian(VB),minimum message length(MML)and Bayesian Ying-Yang(BYY)harmony learning,have been applied to automatically determining an appropriate number of componen...Three Bayesian related approaches,namely,variational Bayesian(VB),minimum message length(MML)and Bayesian Ying-Yang(BYY)harmony learning,have been applied to automatically determining an appropriate number of components during learning Gaussian mixture model(GMM).This paper aims to provide a comparative investigation on these approaches with not only a Jeffreys prior but also a conjugate Dirichlet-Normal-Wishart(DNW)prior on GMM.In addition to adopting the existing algorithms either directly or with some modifications,the algorithm for VB with Jeffreys prior and the algorithm for BYY with DNW prior are developed in this paper to fill the missing gap.The performances of automatic model selection are evaluated through extensive experiments,with several empirical findings:1)Considering priors merely on the mixing weights,each of three approaches makes biased mistakes,while considering priors on all the parameters of GMM makes each approach reduce its bias and also improve its performance.2)As Jeffreys prior is replaced by the DNW prior,all the three approaches improve their performances.Moreover,Jeffreys prior makes MML slightly better than VB,while the DNW prior makes VB better than MML.3)As the hyperparameters of DNW prior are further optimized by each of its own learning principle,BYY improves its performances while VB and MML deteriorate their performances when there are too many free hyper-parameters.Actually,VB and MML lack a good guide for optimizing the hyper-parameters of DNW prior.4)BYY considerably outperforms both VB and MML for any type of priors and whether hyper-parameters are optimized.Being different from VB and MML that rely on appropriate priors to perform model selection,BYY does not highly depend on the type of priors.It has model selection ability even without priors and performs already very well with Jeffreys prior,and incrementally improves as Jeffreys prior is replaced by the DNW prior.Finally,all algorithms are applied on the Berkeley segmentation database of real world images.Again,BYY considerably outperforms both VB and MML,especially in detecting the objects of interest from a confusing background.展开更多
已有的轨迹预测方法难以对移动对象运动轨迹进行准确地描述,尤其在复杂且不确定的车载自组织网络(vehicular ad hoc network)(也称车联网)环境中.为了解决这一问题,提出基于变分高斯混合模型(variational Gaussian mixture model,VGMM)...已有的轨迹预测方法难以对移动对象运动轨迹进行准确地描述,尤其在复杂且不确定的车载自组织网络(vehicular ad hoc network)(也称车联网)环境中.为了解决这一问题,提出基于变分高斯混合模型(variational Gaussian mixture model,VGMM)的环境自适应轨迹预测方法 ESATP(environment self-adaptive prediction method based on VGMM).首先,在传统高斯混合模型的基础上使用变分贝叶斯推理近似方法处理混合高斯分布;其次设计变分贝叶斯期望最大化算法学习计算高斯混合模型参数,有效运用参数先验信息得到更高精度预测模型;最后,针对输入轨迹数据特征,使用参数自适应选择算法自动调节参数组合,灵活调整混合高斯分量的个数和轨迹段大小.实验结果表明:所提方法在实验中表现出较高的预测准确性,可应用于车辆移动定位产品中.展开更多
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology (No.2018ZX03001031)Key program of Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No. L172030)+2 种基金Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission Project (No. Z171100005217001)Key Project of State Key Lab of Networking and Switching Technology (NST20170205)National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (NO. 2012BAF14B01)
文摘Cluster-based channel model is the main stream of fifth generation mobile communications, thus the accuracy of clustering algorithm is important. Traditional Gaussian mixture model (GMM) does not consider the power information which is important for the channel multipath clustering. In this paper, a normalized power weighted GMM (PGMM) is introduced to model the channel multipath components (MPCs). With MPC power as a weighted factor, the PGMM can fit the MPCs in accordance with the cluster-based channel models. Firstly, expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is employed to optimize the PGMM parameters. Then, to further increase the searching ability of EM and choose the optimal number of components without resort to cross-validation, the variational Bayesian (VB) inference is employed. Finally, 28 GHz indoor channel measurement data is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the PGMM clustering algorithm.
文摘In this paper, we propose a new soft multi-phase segmentation model where it is assumed that the pixel intensities are distributed as a Gaussian mixture. The model is formulated as a minimization problem through the use of the maximum likelihood estimator and phase-transition theory. The mixture coefficients, which are estimated using a spatially varying mean and variance procedure, are used for image segmentation. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the method.
基金The work described in this paper was supported by a grant of the General Research Fund(GRF)from the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong SAR(Project No.CUHK418011E).
文摘Three Bayesian related approaches,namely,variational Bayesian(VB),minimum message length(MML)and Bayesian Ying-Yang(BYY)harmony learning,have been applied to automatically determining an appropriate number of components during learning Gaussian mixture model(GMM).This paper aims to provide a comparative investigation on these approaches with not only a Jeffreys prior but also a conjugate Dirichlet-Normal-Wishart(DNW)prior on GMM.In addition to adopting the existing algorithms either directly or with some modifications,the algorithm for VB with Jeffreys prior and the algorithm for BYY with DNW prior are developed in this paper to fill the missing gap.The performances of automatic model selection are evaluated through extensive experiments,with several empirical findings:1)Considering priors merely on the mixing weights,each of three approaches makes biased mistakes,while considering priors on all the parameters of GMM makes each approach reduce its bias and also improve its performance.2)As Jeffreys prior is replaced by the DNW prior,all the three approaches improve their performances.Moreover,Jeffreys prior makes MML slightly better than VB,while the DNW prior makes VB better than MML.3)As the hyperparameters of DNW prior are further optimized by each of its own learning principle,BYY improves its performances while VB and MML deteriorate their performances when there are too many free hyper-parameters.Actually,VB and MML lack a good guide for optimizing the hyper-parameters of DNW prior.4)BYY considerably outperforms both VB and MML for any type of priors and whether hyper-parameters are optimized.Being different from VB and MML that rely on appropriate priors to perform model selection,BYY does not highly depend on the type of priors.It has model selection ability even without priors and performs already very well with Jeffreys prior,and incrementally improves as Jeffreys prior is replaced by the DNW prior.Finally,all algorithms are applied on the Berkeley segmentation database of real world images.Again,BYY considerably outperforms both VB and MML,especially in detecting the objects of interest from a confusing background.
文摘已有的轨迹预测方法难以对移动对象运动轨迹进行准确地描述,尤其在复杂且不确定的车载自组织网络(vehicular ad hoc network)(也称车联网)环境中.为了解决这一问题,提出基于变分高斯混合模型(variational Gaussian mixture model,VGMM)的环境自适应轨迹预测方法 ESATP(environment self-adaptive prediction method based on VGMM).首先,在传统高斯混合模型的基础上使用变分贝叶斯推理近似方法处理混合高斯分布;其次设计变分贝叶斯期望最大化算法学习计算高斯混合模型参数,有效运用参数先验信息得到更高精度预测模型;最后,针对输入轨迹数据特征,使用参数自适应选择算法自动调节参数组合,灵活调整混合高斯分量的个数和轨迹段大小.实验结果表明:所提方法在实验中表现出较高的预测准确性,可应用于车辆移动定位产品中.
