Selection of Example Varieties Used in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L.

[Objective] Taking the characteristic of flower diameter of Tagetes L.as an example,this study aimed to select example varieties used in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L.[Method] Two continuous years of measurements of flower diameter of 25 varieties were collected and then analyzed by using the box plot to illustrate the uniformity and stability of flower diameter of each variety.[Result] According to the information of variability,distribution symmetry of measurements and outliers of flower diameter of varieties provided by box plots,variety 16,2 and 4 were selected as the example varieties for the three expression states with respective flower diameter of 3.0-4.4,6.0-7.4 and 9.0-10.4 cm.[Conclusion] The box plot is an efficient method for the general analysis of varieties,which provides information covering the actual and possible expression range,median and outliers of measurements of flower diameter of each variety.It also provides references for selecting example varieties for other quantitative characteristics and evaluating the quality of varieties.

Development of DUS Test Guidelines for new varieties of Viburnum L.

Distinctness,uniformity and stability(DUS)Test Guidelines for new varieties of Viburnum L.were developed according to the principles and requirements of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants(UPOV)and China.The development processes,including selection and determination of testing characteristics,determination of expression states of characteristics,selection of example varieties,determination of the order of characteristics,and assessment of distinctness,uniformity and stability,are described in this paper.There were 54 testing characteristics:24 qualitative characteristics(QL),15 quantitative characteristics(QN),15 pseudoqualitative characteristics(PQ)and 34 example varieties in the DUS Test Guidelines.Among the 54 testing characteristics,20 were asterisked and 34 were non-asterisked.Seven were selected for variety groupings and 18 were adopted in the Technical Questionnaire.The development of these DUS Test Guidelines will be useful for the application and protection of new Viburnum varieties.The Guidelines will provide technical support for DUS testing of Viburnum and serve as a reference for the development of new varieties in other countries.

Plant Variety Protection and DUS Testing Technique

DUS testing technique used for plant variety protection was reviewed in the paper, and some suggestions were made on how to establish the appropriate technology system in China. Meanwhile, the potential exploitation of the technique was discussed.

Comparison of DUS testing and SNP fingerprinting for variety identification in cucumber

Variety identification plays an important role in protecting the intellectual property of varieties,ensuring seed quality,and encouraging breeding innovation.Currently,morphological evaluation in the field,such as distinctness,uniformity,and stability(DUS)testing,and DNA fingerprinting in the laboratory using molecular markers are two dominant methods used for variety identification.Few studies have compared the results of these approaches,and the relationship between the two methods is obscure.In this study,134 dominant cucumber varieties were evaluated using 50 DUS testing traits and genotyped by 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).The 40 SNPs were developed in our previous study and arewell suited for variety identification.In the DUS testing,significant positive or negative correlations among 50 DUS traits were observed,and 20 core traits,including 15 fruit traits,were further selected to increase field inspection efficiency.This suggested that fruit shape plays an important role in variety identification.The ratio of fruit length/diameter was themost important trait,explaining 9.2%of the phenotypic variation.In the DNA fingerprinting test,the 40 SNPs were highly polymorphic and could distinguish all of the 134 cucumber varieties,and 14 core SNPs were selected to improve the identification rate.Interestingly,the population structure analysis of 134 cucumber varieties by phenotypic data in the DUS test was in accordance with the genotypic data from the DNA fingerprinting,indicating that all varieties could be divided into the same four subgroups:European type,North China type,South China type,and hybrids of the North China and South China types.Moreover,linear correlativity of distinguishment for each pair of varieties was observed between the DUS test and the DNA fingerprinting.These results indicated that these two methods have good application in future research,especially for the scaled-up analysis of hundreds of varieties.

Screening Test of Maize Varieties in Mountainous Arid Areas

Drought and water shortage are the biggest limiting factors of dry farming,and variety plays an important role in an increase in the yield of dryland maize.Screening high-yield maize varieties is helpful to the continuous increase and stable yield of dryland grain.In this experiment,the growth period,characters and yield of 12 maize varieties were analyzed.The results show that the yield of Ganyu series was low,while the yield of Lianda 169 was the highest(8 080.93 kg/ha),which was 31.40% higher than Jinsui 4.The yield of Dunyu 16 was6 621.06 kg/ha,7.64% higher than Jinsui 4.The two varieties had good comprehensive characters,so they could be popularized and planted in dry farming areas of Lanzhou City.

Screening Test of Rape Varieties in Pengxi

A comprehensive comparison test was conducted among 23 rape varieties to screen out some with high yielding potential, good main traits and suitability for promotion in Pengxi County. The results showed that Guohaoyou 8 and Guohaoyou 5 had medium plant height, compact plant type, low branching position, high pod- ding density, more grains per pod, good comprehensive characters, high yield and moderate growth period, and they were suitable for planting in Pengxi area in large areas.

Preliminary Report of Induction Test of Tomato Varieties

An introduction and observation test was carried out to 8 tomato varieties in cement arch plastic greenhouse. The results showed that the tested variety 10-2 exhibited the highest average yield of 61 520.9 kg/hm2, which was higher than Mantian 2180 as control by 33.7%. Varieties 10-2 and 10-3 showed the advantages of good fruit type, uniform size, thick pericarp, good hardness, high fruit setting rate, strong disease resistance, good low temperature resistance, good tolerance to stor-age and transportation and good quality. They could be planted for demonstration as export varieties in open field and greenhouse in mountainous area in Ningxia.

2016-2021年黄淮南部区试大豆品系(种)产量性状的比较分析

为在黄淮南部合理布局大豆高产品种,对2016-2021年黄淮南部177份参试大豆品系(种)的产量及主要农艺性状在不同年份、不同省份试点、不同来源及主要不同育种单位间的差异进行研究和相关性分析。结果显示,大豆产量相关农艺性状中变异幅度最大的是有效分枝,其次是株高和底荚高度,全生育期变异幅度最小。2016-2021年参试大豆品系(种)不同年份平均产量变化范围为2735.00~2918.00 kg·hm^(-2),平均产量最高的年份为2020年;参试大豆品系(种)在四个不同省份试点中,大豆品系(种)产量与单株粒重均呈极显著正相关,山东试点品系(种)株高、主茎节数、有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重均高于其它试点,平均产量最高,达3156.32 kg·hm^(-2);安徽试点的平均产量最低,仅为2471.15 kg·hm^(-2);主要不同来源参试大豆品系(种)平均产量与单株粒重均呈极显著正相关,平均产量最高的是河南,平均产量为2927.41 kg·hm^(-2),其次是来源于江苏的品系(种);主要不同育种单位中,平均产量最高的选育单位是河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,所选育的大豆品系(种)平均产量为3063.87 kg·hm^(-2),其在河南和山东试点的平均产量高达3100.42和3491.20 kg·hm^(-2)。研究结果表明黄淮南部不同省份之间大豆产量差异主要与区域有关,不同年份、不同来源及主要不同育种单位间的大豆品系(种)产量也有一定的差异。

龙燕1号燕麦新品种的选育

为了选育高产、优质、适应东北三省及内蒙古地区种植的燕麦新品种,试验于2015年采用母本边锋和父本牧乐思进行种间杂交,并通过系统衍生法进行选育,对选育得到的燕麦新品种进行品种比较试验、区域试验及生产试验。结果表明:经选育得到龙燕1号燕麦,其2019—2020年两年平均干草产量及种子产量分别为15 100.0 kg/hm^(2)、4 760.3 kg/hm^(2),较对照牧乐思、白燕7号分别增产16.84%、11.71%和14.96%、11.11%,差异显著(P<0.05);两年(2022,2023年)多点(齐齐哈尔市、哈尔滨市、双鸭山市、绥化市)的平均干草产量龙燕1号最高,达9 857.14 kg/hm^(2),分别比对照青海444、青引2号增产18.11%、45.30%,差异极显著(P<0.01);在4个试验区哈尔滨市、兰西县、杜蒙县、肇东市的两年平均干草产量分别达到11 812.73 kg/hm^(2)、9 602.57 kg/hm^(2)、12 263.64 kg/hm^(2)和11 961.97 kg/hm^(2),比对照白燕7号分别增产11.57%、11.92%、12.60%、11.24%。说明饲用燕麦新品种龙燕1号燕麦相较亲本具有更好的生产性能,在东北三省均可种植。

不同熟期黄花菜品种引进筛选试验

以引进国内的11个黄花菜优良品种为试材,采用田间品种比较及室内检测的方法,研究了不同熟期黄花菜植物学性状、抗逆性指标及产量品质,筛选出适合宁夏中部干旱带栽培的不同熟期黄花菜品种,以期为宁夏黄花菜错期栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:“高山1号”和“四月白”叶长、叶宽在各个时期均大于其他品种,属于晚熟品种;“沙苑”“马莲”生物量均大于其他品种,属于中熟品种;“四月花”根冠比和丙二醛(MDA)含量最高,属于早熟品种;“大乌嘴”“四月花”“台东6号”和“高山1号”根系活力最强;“高山1号”可溶性糖含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性最高;“大乌嘴”“冲里花”和“猛子花”超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性最高,“四月白”过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高。

我国丝瓜品种选育与保护现状及DUS测试

在提倡新质生产力的当下,我国丝瓜优异种质资源的充分挖掘以及品种特异性、一致性和稳定性(DUS)测试执行力和业界影响力的不断强化,对丝瓜产业发展至关重要。回顾了我国近20年来丝瓜种质资源收集保存与评价,及围绕早熟、抗病、耐冷耐热、丰产优质等育种目标的品种选育进展,分析了新品种保护现状;解析了丝瓜品种DUS测试指南性状构成、观测方法;归纳总结了近似品种筛选、种子催芽、性状观测和特异性判定在丝瓜品种DUS测试中的应用;指出了丝瓜品种DUS测试中存在测试水平、标准品种、性状表达状态等存在的问题,进一步提出了丝瓜新品种选育创新的发展对策,可综合应用现代育种技术,实现多元化育种目标的产业需求,并适时启动丝瓜品种DUS测试指南修订,以期推动丝瓜产业高质量发展。

6个橡胶树新品种在德宏州的区域性试验研究

为筛选出适宜德宏植胶区的橡胶树新品种,引进了热研879、热垦628、热研73397、IAN873、热垦525、湛试32713这6个橡胶树新品种,在瑞丽市进行生产性试种,并对引进品种的茎围、产量、干胶含量、死皮率、抗寒性等指标进行了评价。结果表明:(1)开割前热垦628、热研73397、IAN873的茎围增粗表现较好,第8年达开割标准;开割后湛试32713,热垦628、热研73397和热垦525的茎围平均净增粗较高、速生特性好。(2)平均株次干胶产量表现为热研879极显著高于对照,热垦628显著高于对照;单位面积干胶产量以热垦628与热研879较高,均与对照之间差异极显著;热垦628的平均干胶含量较低,显著低于对照,其他品种与对照之间差异不显著。(3)死皮率表现为热垦628>湛试32713>IAN873>热研879>热研525>云研77-4(CK)>热研73397,4、5级死皮率表现为热垦525>热垦628>热研73397>IAN873>热研879>湛试32713>云研77-4(CK)。(4)热垦628和湛试32713的抗寒性表现较好,IAN873、热研879和热垦525的抗寒性表现较差。鉴于6个橡胶品种在德宏州种植的综合表现,立地环境较好林段可优先选择种植高产品种热研879,以往有轻微寒害发生的林段可选择高产抗寒品种热垦628。

‘川西’虉草品种比较试验报告

以‘川草引3号’虉草和原始群体为对照,在布拖县对‘川西’虉草新品系开展了品种比较试验,对生态修复能力、耐水淹能力和生产性能等进行了测定和比较。试验结果表明:‘川西’虉草在布拖县越冬率高,可正常完成生长发育周期,试验期间没有发现病虫害;其生态修复效率为318d,分别比原始群体和‘川草引3号’虉草少12d和27d,具有更强的生态修复能力;‘川西’虉草和原始群体在长达20d的水淹胁迫过程中,成活率均为100%,耐水淹能力显著优于‘川草引3号’虉草;‘川西’虉草新品系鲜草产量和干草产量分别为70 931.57kg/hm^(2)和20 929.69kg/hm^(2),均显著高于原始群体和‘川草引3号’虉草;种子产量显著超过原始群体,与‘川草引3号’虉草差异不显著;粗蛋白含量为11.8%,分别比原始群体和‘川草引3号’虉草高1.2个百分点和2个百分点。因此,‘川西’虉草新品系一致性好,适应性强,生态修复效率高,耐水淹能力强,草产量高,草品质好,持青期长,可用于川西高原退化湿地、退化草地生态修复,也可用于高产人工草地建植。

多品种医疗试板自动包装系统研发

为满足异形医疗试板热封设备的精度及快速需求,研发一种多品种、高精度、高效率的热封包装控制系统。分析了包装机的工艺流程和控制要求,采用RBF-PID温度控制算法提升热封效果及效率,运用机器视觉系统采集预制袋特征数据,经图像处理实现47种异形试板检测。基于欧姆龙NJ系列运动控制PLC和两种工业以太网的控制方式进行系统硬、软件设计,改进优化了上料、装袋、热封、检测、出料等运动过程,开发了人机交互界面实现装置和生产状态的可视化。经过设备投产验证,该系统在高温、振动的工作环境中运行稳定,平均包装速度高达1806个/h,平均合格率高达98.1%,平均温度误差仅±0.88℃,其可靠性和准确性显著提升。

青海6个菊芋品种(系)比较试验

本文对6个供试菊芋品种(系)的株高、茎粗、含水量、块茎产量、可溶性糖含量及块茎采收后的发芽率和耐储藏性进行综合鉴定评价。结果表明:处理3-1的产量、可溶性糖均最高,分别为81.0 t/hm 2、20.4%,处理6-1粗蛋白含量最高,为2.6%,处理5-1的粗纤维含量最高,为1.5%;青芋1号、青芋5号为早熟菊芋品种,青芋3号、249、豫1、豫2均为晚熟品种;发芽率最高的菊芋品种为青芋1号与青芋3号,均为95%,相对其他菊芋品种(系),青芋1号的腐烂率最低。这为后续菊芋新品种选育及助推菊芋产业发展提供了优良的种质资源。

高油酸花生品种展示试验

为科学促进高油酸花生生产,筛选出优质多抗高油酸花生品种,有效提高其产量品质和种植效益。本研究对豫花22、阜花35和豫花37等10个高油酸花生品种进行展示比较试验。结果表明,品种豫花37、花育958和冀花11的生育期适宜、生育进程稳健、田间长势长相好、抗旱耐病性强且产量高,可作为高油酸花生品种在研究区及相似区域推广种植。

红豆草品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南的研制

植物品种DUS(Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability)测试是植物新品种审定、登记的必要环节。DUS测试指南是品种审定机构开展DUS测试的基本依据。本研究按照国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)技术文件《TGP/7植物新品种测试指南的研制》规定的程序要求,以90份红豆草(Onobrychis viciifolia)品种资源为试验材料,在新疆乌鲁木齐开展了两年的田间试验,经过多次同行专家论证修订,完成了红豆草DUS测试指南报批稿。指南规定了红豆草DUS测试的31个测试性状及其观测方法和判定标准,13个标准品种,并详细介绍了红豆草DUS测试指南研制的过程及指南的主要内容。指南的制订为国内红豆草新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性的判定提供了技术依据,对加强我国红豆草新品种保护具有重要意义,为红豆草产业健康发展提供技术保障。

新时期水稻新品种保护和DUS测试现状与问题探讨

分析了1999—2022年我国水稻新品种保护申请量和授权量,阐述了我国新品种保护和DUS测试的发展现状,剖析了该行业存在的问题,进而提出了加强水稻新品种保护和优化DUS测试的对策建议,以期为新时期我国水稻新品种保护和DUS规范测试提供有益参考。

酸橙新品种“蜀枳一号”多点品种比较试验

“代代”酸橙(Citrus aurantium‘Daidai’)是传统中药材枳壳(干燥未成熟果实)、枳实(干燥幼果)极其重要的来源。“蜀枳一号”新品种是由广安市邻水县收集到的“代代”优良资源选育而来,于2023年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会认定。在四川省资阳市、泸州市、广安市和重庆市潼南区开展的品种比较试验表明,“蜀枳一号”有良好的丰产性能,单位面积的枳壳、枳实和代代花(干燥花蕾)产量在所有参试品系和对照品系(广安地方种质)中最高,2020年度分别比对照品系平均增产5.78%、5.44%和5.50%,2021年度分别比对照品系平均增产6.12%、5.60%和5.58%;枳壳的柚皮苷、新橙皮苷含量和枳实的辛弗林、浸出物含量均最高,2020年度分别比对照品系高56.92%、60.46%、35.42%和49.68%,2021年度分别比对照品系高55.05%、86.28%、56.41%和27.99%;枳壳和枳实的水分和总灰分与对照品系无显著差异。“蜀枳一号”产量高,品质突出,在川渝两地具有推广价值。

2019-2023年度陕西省科企联合体小麦区试 品种抗病性鉴定与评价

为掌握陕西省科企联合体小麦区试品种抗病性水平,对2019—2023年度连续5年参加联合体区试的114份品种,采用大田人工接种的方法进行小麦条锈病、白粉病、赤霉病、叶锈病和纹枯病等5种病害的抗性鉴定与评价。结果表明,供试的114份品种对鉴定的5种病害抗性程度差异较大,表现为对条锈病抗性水平较高,对白粉病和赤霉病抗性水平最差。供试品种中,对条锈病表现免疫-中抗的品种61份,占供试品种的53.51%;对白粉病表现免疫-中抗的品种27份,占供试品种的23.68%;对赤霉病表现抗-中抗的品种21份,占供试品种的18.42%;同时鉴定出2份对5种病害均表现抗病的品种,分别为西农968和金麦207。对21份高感条锈病的品种均按陕西省区试品种试验要求终止了试验。