Selection of Cotton Variety Suitable for Cottonwheat Intercropping in Rainy and Poor Sunshine Years

The year of 2013 is a typical rainy and poor sunshine year, and the monthly sunshine hours from May to October were all lower than the average, which from July to September was only 69.3%,71.1% and 56.2% of average, respectively. In cotton-wheat system 10 cotton varieties （lines） were planted to select the most suitable varieties for cotton-wheat system in rainy and poor sunshine years through investigating cotton growing traits in 2013. The results showed that in cotton-wheat system the vegetative growth of cotton was mainly from late June to middle July especially in rainy and poor sunshine years. And with the increase of the cotton growth period the peak of vegetative growth delayed, the ratio of the autumn bolls increased, and the ratio of pre-frost yield decreased. In all the varieties unginned cottonyield of Zhongmiansuo 50 with shorter growth period, higher rate of summer bolls and better fiber quality, seed yield reached 3 814.1 kg/hm2, higher than that of other varieties （lines） significantly, and the rate of pre-frost yield reached 83.4%, which was the most suitable variety for cotton-wheat system in rainy and poor sunshine years.

Breeding of New Maize Variety ‘Wan-de No.1' with High Quality, High Yield and Multi-resistance

Considering the ecological environment of Sichuan area, an experiment was conducted to breed new maize varieties with high yield, high quality, multi re- sistance and wide adaptability. According to the principle of gene recombination, the authors combined the local tropical germplasm with PB germplasm, which was rich in disease-resistant, lodging-resistant and drought-tolerant genes, and the integration was used as the innovative strategy for breeding. Inbred-line ＇LSC 107＇ was suc- cessfully bred and the new maize hybrid ＇Wande No.l＇ was bred by crossing ＇LSC 107＇ with ＇Yi 99-19＇. The results showed that the maize hybrid had good performance, including high yield, good stability, high quality, excellent disease re- sistance and lodging resistance, and wide adaptation. So it was adaptable for plant- ing in plain and hilly areas of Sichuan Province. With hybrid recombination between local tropical germplasm and PB inbred lines, the inbred-line had high general com- bining ability and strong adaptability, and the hybrid had high yield, high quality and wide adaptability, and had broad prospects of popularization and application.

Study on the Introduction and Screening of Cut Roses in the Tropical Coastal Area of China

[Objective] This study aimed to select suitable cultivars of cut roses with prominent comprehensive performance which is suitable for the commercial promotion in the tropical region of South Hainan Province,including Sanya and the low-altitude area.[Method] Introduction experiment and production test were designed to observe the agronomic and economic traits of cultivars in a rose resources nursery established in Sanya.[Result] Through observation in the resources garden,18 varieties were chosen to conduct the introduction experiment,of which 8 varieties were selected to accomplish the production test.The results of the production test showed that ＇Vendela＇,＇Golden Emblem＇,＇Samantha＇ and ＇Tineke＇ showed the best adaptability;the cut flower quality of ＇Carola＇,＇Black Magic＇ and ＇Golden Emblem＇ belonged to the first grade;the yield of ＇Movie Star＇,＇Golden Emblem＇ and ＇Black Magic＇ was more than one million per hm2;except ＇Golden Emblem＇,the vase life of the other seven cultivars was more than 10 days;＇Carola＇,＇My Choice＇ and ＇Perfume White＇ had better disease-and insect-resistance;＇Carola＇,＇Vendela＇,＇Rouge Meilland＇,＇Tineke＇,＇Golden Emblem＇,＇Samantha＇,＇Perfume White＇,＇Saiun＇,＇Asagumo＇ and ＇Double Delight＇ were more resistant to blackspot,while ＇Black Magic＇,＇Versilla＇,＇Alec＇s Red＇ and ＇Movie Star＇ were less resistant to blackspot.[Conclusion] Cultivars of cut roses were able to grow and develop normally in the tropical coastal area of Hainan Province,including South Hainan and Sanya,where it was appropriate for the production of cut roses.However,it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of thrips and blackspot.＇Black Magic＇,＇Carola＇,＇Vendela＇,＇Rouge Meilland＇,＇Golden Emblem＇,＇Tineke＇,＇Movie Star＇ and ＇Samantha＇ showed best comprehensive performance,which were thus worthy of large-scale popularization in Hainan Province.

Strategies and Suggestions for the Development of Mechanized Rapeseed Production in Sichuan

Mechanization is the future direction of rapeseed production in Sichuan. A series of technology tests for rapeseed mechanized production have been carried out in terms of variety selection, key agronomic measures and machinery in the main production area of Sichuan in recent years. In the research, the agronomic techniques, including variety selection for mechanical production, key agronomic measures and mechanical harvesting were analyzed. Based on the present condi- tions, strategy and suggestions for the development of mechanized rapeseed produc- tion in Sichuan also were presented.

Comparative Analysis on Fruit Qualities of 7 Litchi Varieties from Vietnam

[Objective] The aim was to screen litchi varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam. [Method] The fruit botanical and quality characteristics of the seven litchi varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed. [Result] Three varieties with good general qualities including Lai Phu Ho,Thach Binh and Hung Long which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected. In addition,Phu Dong was the available,early-maturing germplasm resource. [Conclusion] This research will provide reference for litchi production and breeding in northern mountainous area.

Comparative Analysis on Fruit Qualities of Longan Varieties form Vietnam

[Objective] The aim was to screen longan varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam.[Method] The fruit botanical characteristics and quality characteristics of longan varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed.[Result] Two varieties with good general qualities including PMP6 and PHS1-1 which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected.In addition,Phu Dong was the available processed germplasm resource.[Conclusion] This research will provide reference for longan production and breeding in Northern Mountainous.

Antioxidase Activities of Tetraploid Lines and Diploid Control Line of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium

Objective The SOD, POD and APX enzyme activities of tetraploid lines and diploid control line of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium in test-tube and field were determined in order to provide a reference for the selective breeding of high resistance good tetraploid varieties of C. cinerariifolium. Method The SOD, POD and APX activities of each sample were determined. Every material should have 3 replicates which been determined and calculated mean value to analyze. Result The various kinds of antioxidase activities in protective enzyme system of tetraploid lines were increased generally in comparison with that of diploid control line. And there is certain relativity between the samples in field and in test-tube of these lines. Conclusion The antioxidase activities of each line in test-tube could be considered as reference index to screen high resistance good tetraploid varieties of C. cinerariifolium.

An optimized industry processing technology of peanut tofu and the novel prediction model for suitable peanut varieties

Peanut protein is easily digested and absorbed by the human body,and peanut tofu does not contain flatulence factors and beany flour.However,at present,there is no industrial preparation process of peanut tofu,whereas the quality of tofu prepared by different peanut varieties is quite different.This study established an industrial feasible production process of peanut tofu and optimized the key process that regulates its quality.Compared with the existing method,the production time is reduced by 53.80%,therefore the daily production output is increased by 183.33%.The chemical properties of 26 peanut varieties and the quality characteristics of tofu prepared from these 26 varieties were determined.The peanut varieties were classified based on the quality characteristics of tofu using the hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)method,out of which 7 varieties were screened out which were suitable for preparing peanut tofu.An evaluation standard was founded based on peanut tofu qualities.Six chemical trait indexes were correlated with peanut tofu qualities(P<0.05).A logistic regressive model was developed to predict suitable peanut varieties and this prediction model was verified.This study may help broaden the peanut protein utilization,and provide guidance for breeding experts to select certain varieties for product specific cultivation of peanut.

Evaluation of Gray Leaf Spot Tolerant Genotypes from CIMMYT in the Highland Maize Production Eco-systems of Bhutan

Bhutan is a small landlocked country located in the eastern Himalayas. Over 69% of the population is engaged in agriculture. Rice, maize, wheat, barley, buckwheat and millets are the major cereal crops cultivated. Rice is the most preferred food crop of the Bhutanese. Maize is a primary food crop after rice and it ranks first among food crops in production. The cultivation ranges from less than 300 m asl （metres above sea level） nearly up to 2,800 m asl. In 2007, a new, extremely serious problem of GLS （gray leaf spot） in maize that was previously never reported in Bhutan was confirmed. This disease spread rapidly in the highland maize growing areas causing production losses of over 50% to 70%. All the maize varieties cultivated in the country were found to be highly susceptible to the disease. In order to contain this devastating disease, the national maize program drew short and long term strategies with the help of a CIMMYT Expert. As an immediate short term action to contain GLS, systemic fungicide Tilt 25 EC （active ingredient propiconazole） was supplied free of cost to the farmers. A longer term strategy pursued was the introduction, e＇valuation and selection of GLS tolerant genotypes for the highland ecosystem. Over 100 GLS tolerant genotypes vcere introduced from CIMMYT Colombia, Mexico, Zimbabwe and Nepal. These materials were initially evaluated in a disease hotspot sites and then further tested in multi-location trials in GLS affected areas across the country. Farmers were engaged for Participatory Variety Selection by organizing farmer＇s field days at the trial sites. Finally, in 2011 considering the need of GLS tolerant varieties for farmers, two GLS tolerant genotypes ICAV305 and S03TLYQAB05 were provisionally released. In the 2011 season, these two provisionally released genotypes were put under large scale demonstration in the GLS affected areas in nine districts across the country. In 2012, the two genotypes were formally released by the Technology Release Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forest. Rapid seed increase of the new varieties was initiated through farmers from Community Based Seed Production groups and so far 75% seed replacement of GLS affected farmers has been accomplished.

Selection of Grape Varieties Suitable for Double Cropping a Year in Northern Greenhouse

With the development of the greenhouse grape cultivation area,the supporting greenhouse grape varieties appear to be single.At present,there are few researches on the selection of grape varieties suitable for two-harvest-a-year cultivation in greenhouses.In order to meet the needs of fruit growers for the diversity of greenhouse grape varieties,experimental studies had been carried out.Through three consecutive years of two-harvest-a-year production of six grape varieties of‘Jingxiangyu’,‘Ruidukemei’,‘Xiangfei’,‘Jingyan’,‘Zaomanao’and‘Hanxiangmi’,the first crop of greenhouse grapes matured from May to July,and the second crop matured during the New Year s Day and Spring Festival.Through the investigation and analysis of their phenological periods,fruit economic characteristics and economic benefits,it was found that the four varieties of‘Jingxiangyu’,‘Ruidukemei’,‘Xiangfei’and‘Jingyan’performed well under greenhouse cultivation conditions,and thus can be used as supporting fine varieties for large-scale promotion.

Selection Experiment of Varieties of Maize in Ailao Mountainous Areas

[Objective] This study aimed to select suitable varieties of maize for Ailao mountainous areas, [Method] A comparison test of eight varieties of maize was conducted in Shengli Village, Mosha Town, Xinping County, Yunnan Province from May to October in 2016. [Result] The yield of Shenyu 10 was up to 66.3.4 kg/ 667 m^2 and there were extremely significant differences between Shenyu 10 and Xuanhuangdan 5 （CK）. Moreover, it had strong stress resistance. As Jingdan 12, Beiju 0913, Ante 8000, Yunrui 89 and Yayu 78 were planted in the region, their earing should not appear in rainy months. The inciderce of stem rot and ear rot of Yayu 891 was high, so Yayu 891 should not be planted in the region. [Conclusion] Shenyu 10 had a high yield, suffered few diseases and had strong stress resistance, so it can be popularized widely in the region.