Effect of Vector Density and Competence on Macromolecular Vector Transformation Efficiency

To research the effects of vector quantity and competence on the positive cloning rate,with a known gene sequence but in the absence of DNA template,we artificially designed 26 primers to synthesize a target gene of 835 bp in vitro using overlapping PCR technique. The whole experiment design with two factors and six levels( 36 combinations) was applied to study the effects of the vector density and competent cells on the macromolecular vector transformation efficiency. Based on the 1 500 ng target gene,the vector density grades were designed( 50,100,150,200,250,300 ng),and then the recombinant plasmids were transformed into Top10F',DH5,Stbl3,Epi400,JM108,SCSI. Results showed that the positive cloning rates of different vector amount from big to small were in the order of 200,250,300,150,100 and 50 ng.The maximum positive cloning rate of 200 ng reached 75%; and the average value was 28. 5%. The positive cloning rates of different competent cells from big to small were in the order of stbl3,Top10F',DH5,JM108,Epi400 and SCSI. Stbl3 was higher than other competent cells under any vector density,and its average positive cloning rate was 42. 4%. Both the vector density and competent cells had significant effects on the macromolecular vector transformation efficiency. The optimal combination was C4 with 200 ng vector density and Stbl3,the positive cloning rate of which could reach 75%.

Classification using wavelet packet decomposition and support vector machine for digital modulations

To make the modulation classification system more suitable for signals in a wide range of signal to noise rate （SNR）, a feature extraction method based on signal wavelet packet transform modulus maxima matrix （WPTMMM） and a novel support vector machine fuzzy network （SVMFN） classifier is presented. The WPTMMM feature extraction method has less computational complexity, more stability, and has the preferable advantage of robust with the time parallel moving and white noise. Further, the SVMFN uses a new definition of fuzzy density that incorporates accuracy and uncertainty of the classifiers to improve recognition reliability to classify nine digital modulation types （i.e. 2ASK, 2FSK, 2PSK, 4ASK, 4FSK, 4PSK, 16QAM, MSK, and OQPSK）. Computer simulation shows that the proposed scheme has the advantages of high accuracy and reliability （success rates are over 98% when SNR is not lower than 0dB）, and it adapts to engineering applications.

Bluetongue： A Hypothesis of Control Strategy through Decrease of Culicoides and Their Associated Damage in Farm

The main object of this research has been to apply the scientific assumption that the alkalization is able to make inhospitable the larval reproductive sites in the identified area （Sant＇Antioco）. The research has been conducted in the pilot farm into the selected area of Sant＇Antioco where the first hypothesis has been tested and the information about larval development has been collected. During the whole experimental period have been collected all the data about captures in the black light traps and captures in the soile traps. Experimental data first of all have been emphasize the possibility of decrease the larval reproduction extremely in the alkalized sites then have allowed to study the Bluetongue vectors density closely and its relation with the disease prevalence in the heads presents in the near farms. The results revealed the different distribution of the disease prevalence in the several farms, referable to minute variation of the farm location. In the end it seems essential to improve the farm management through the widespread action of awakening to farmers.

Density Weighted Averaging Operator and Application

Exploring structural characteristics implied in initialdecision making information is an important issue in the process of aggregation. In this paper we provide a new family of aggregation operator called density weighted averaging operator（abbreviated as DWA operator）, which carries out the aggregation by classification. In this case, not only the hidden structural characteristics can be identified, some commonly known aggregation operators can also be incorporated into the function of the DWA operator. We further discuss the basic properties of this new operator, such as commutativity, idempotency, boundedness and monotonicity withcertain condition. Afterwards, two important issues related to the DWA operator are investigated, including the arguments partition and the determination of density weights. At last a numerical example regarding performance evaluation of employees is developed to illustrate the using of this new operator.

Representative volume element of asphalt pavement for electromagnetic measurements

The motivation for this study was to investigate the representative volume element （RVE） needed to correlate the nondestructive electromagnetic （EM） measurements with the con- ventional destructive asphalt pavement quality control measurements. A large pavement rehabilitation contract was used as the test site for the experiment. Pavement cores were drilled from the same locations where the stationary and continuous Ground Penetrating Radar （GPR） measurements were obtained. Laboratory measurements included testing the bulk density of cores using two methods, the surface-saturated dry method and determining bulk density by dimensions. Also, Vector Network Analyzer （VNA） and the through specimen transmission configuration were employed at microwave frequencies to measure the reference dielectric constant of cores using two different footprint areas and therefore vol- ume elements. The RVE for EM measurements turns out to be frequency dependent; therefore in addition to being dependent on asphalt mixture type and method of obtaining bulk density, it is dependent on the resolution of the EM method used. Then, although the average bulk property results agreed with theoretical formulations of higher core air void content giving a lower dielectric constant, for the individual cores there was no correlation for the VNA measurements because the volume element seizes deviated. Similarly, GPR technique was unable to capture the spatial variation of pavement air voids measured from the 150-mm drill cores. More research is needed to determine the usable RVE for asphalt.