Signal Classification Method Based on Support Vector Machine and High-Order Cumulants

In this paper, a classification method based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) is given in the digital modulation signal classification. The second, fourth and sixth order cumulants of the received signals are used as classification vectors firstly, then the kernel thought is used to map the feature vector to the high dimensional feature space and the optimum separating hyperplane is constructed in space to realize signal recognition. In order to build an effective and robust SVM classifier, the radial basis kernel function is selected, one against one or one against rest of multi-class classifier is designed, and method of parameter selection using cross- validation grid is adopted. Through the experiments it can be concluded that the classifier based on SVM has high performance and is more robust.

Generalization of the Second Order Vector Potential Formulation for Arbitrary Non-Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates Systems from the Covariant Form of Maxwell's Equations

A great number of semi-analytical models, notably the representation of electromagnetic fields by integral equations are based on the second order vector potential (SOVP) formalism which introduces two scalar potentials in order to obtain analytical expressions of the electromagnetic fields from the two potentials. However, the scalar decomposition is often known for canonical coordinate systems. This paper aims in introducing a specific SOVP formulation dedicated to arbitrary non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates systems. The electromagnetic field representation which is derived in this paper constitutes the key stone for the development of semi-analytical models for solving some eddy currents moelling problems and electromagnetic radiation problems considering at least two homogeneous media separated by a rough interface. This SOVP formulation is derived from the tensor formalism and Maxwell’s equations written in a non-orthogonal coordinates system adapted to a surface characterized by a 2D arbitrary aperiodic profile.

Stationary Probability Vectors of the Second Order Markov Chains

The stationary probability vectors of a second order Markov chain on the(n-1)-dimensional standard simplex are considered.In 2015,Li and Zhang gave a characterization of the second order Markov chain such that every vector in the simplex is a stationary vector.A modification of the characterization is presented in the paper.Some sufficient conditions are derived for any facet of the simplex such that every vector of the facet is a stationary vector.

Higher-Order Minimizers and Generalized (F,<i>ρ</i>)-Convexity in Nonsmooth Vector Optimization over Cones

In this paper, we introduce the concept of a (weak) minimizer of order k for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem over cones. Generalized classes of higher-order cone-nonsmooth (F, ρ)-convex functions are introduced and sufficient optimality results are proved involving these classes. Also, a unified dual is associated with the considered primal problem, and weak and strong duality results are established.

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的直线感应电机速度观测

为解决在直线感应电机(linear induction motor,LIM)高性能闭环控制系统取消速度传感器后,速度闭环中缺少速度反馈信息问题,在考虑LIM边端效应前提下,实现了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的速度观测器。首先,基于考虑边端效应的三相LIM数学模型,推导出具有合适增益和协方差更新矩阵的扩展卡尔曼滤波观测器,并基于LIM的矢量控制系统,将观测器辨识的速度参数反馈到速度闭环系统中。然后,在Simulink中搭建带有速度观测器的LIM矢量控制系统模型,对观测器的辨识速度和电机实际速度进行对比。结果表明,利用辨识速度进行闭环控制可以保证系统稳定运行。在3种负载情况下,观测器的预测速度和实际速度之间的误差在0.51%~2.34%之间。对系统多种动态性能进行分析可知,基于扩展卡尔曼滤波观测器的LIM矢量控制系统,随着负载增大,预测速度的误差增大,推力误差减小,磁链幅值误差略微增大。因此,在考虑边端效应情况下,基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的观测器可以代替速度传感器实现空载和带载时的三相LIM控制。

SOGI级联SFNF的高频注入无传感器电机控制方法

针对传统脉振高频电压注入法同时应用带通滤波器和低通滤波器导致相位偏移和位置估计误差大的问题,提出一种级联二阶广义积分器(SOGI)和单频陷波器(SFNF)的改进方法,实现位置误差信号的精确和实时提取。研究了脉振高频电压注入法位置观测闭环传递函数的幅频特性,利用SOGI的选频特性提取高频交轴响应电流,并利用SFNF的陷波特性滤除注入信号二次谐波,替代了传统误差信号提取环节中的带通滤波器和低通滤波器,参数整定简便,具备兼顾滤波精度和带宽的优势。搭建实验平台对传统误差信号提取策略和所提SOGI级联SFNF策略进行对比,实验结果表明,本文所提改进方法的响应速度和位置估计精度相比传统方法均有提高:在转速突变过程中转速估计误差降低5.9 r/min,转子位置误差降低0.11 rad;在突加负载时,转速估计误差降低3 r/min,转子位置误差降低0.08 rad,响应调节时间缩短42%,有效提高了位置观测精度和系统的动态响应性能。

永磁同步电机无模型自适应滑模补偿预测控制

针对在永磁同步电机矢量控制系统中应用模型预测控制方法设计控制器时依赖电机数学模型参数,当电机运行过程中参数变化时,引起控制器参数与电机参数失配,导致系统控制性能降低。提出一种无模型自适应预测控制方法,利用系统输入输出数据和时变的伪偏导数建立预测模型;又由于无模型自适应预测控制方法没有反馈校正环节,易受外部扰动的影响,设计一种新型高阶滑模补偿器作为校正部分,以提高控制系统的鲁棒性且抑制滑模自身的抖振,最后MATLAB仿真验证了无模型自适应高阶滑模补偿预测控制方法的优越性。

电流源逆变器复矢量解耦与前馈解耦联合降阶控制策略研究

电流源逆变器输出侧需添加电容器对输出斩波电流进行滤波,导致电流源逆变器电机驱动系统控制模型具有系统阶次高、存在谐振点、旋转坐标系下模型耦合严重等问题。针对上述问题,以降阶控制为主要目的,提出了复矢量解耦与前馈解耦联合降阶控制策略。针对电流源逆变器的复矢量模型,引入电机电流前馈消除模型中电机电流耦合项,在此基础上,使用复矢量解耦策略,针对二阶串联模型设计带有耦合误差项的比例积分控制器,消除常规控制器中高阶模型导致的闭环系统谐振,简化闭环模型,实现系统的解耦与降阶。同时,该控制器具有结构与参数整定简单的优点,通过稳定性分析验证了所提闭环电流控制器的可行性。以一台3 kW永磁同步电机为对象进行仿真,并与传统控制策略、双闭环控制策略进行对比验证。结果表明,所提控制策略在降低模型阶次、简化控制器设计的同时,相较于传统控制策略解耦合能力更强,在阶跃响应与转速耦合作用下表现出更强稳定性,电流在阶跃信号作用下均没有发生振荡。

基于LSTM和位置增强的软提示向量优化

软提示学习是应用预训练语言模型的新兴方法,然而软提示学习所生成的向量可能缺乏序列结构,影响模型在特定位置定义信息的能力导致模型的性能受损。为此,该文深入探究软提示向量序列结构及其对模型性能的影响,发现软提示向量在不同语言模型类型、模型规模、下游任务类型及提示长度均展现出顺序敏感的问题。针对该问题,提出一种基于LSTM和位置增强的软提示排序网络,首先采用改进的LSTM网络实现软提示排序调优,其中对每个门控处添设提示选择门,以捕获序列信息生成优序的软提示向量。其次针对排序过程提出一种位置增强模块,结合绝对与相对位置信息优化排序。在GLUE数据集上的测试表明,该方法相较于基线带来了平均3.1%的性能提升。

散光精准定位标记工具用于飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术矫正近视散光的效果

目的探讨散光精准定位标记工具用于飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)矫正近视散光的效果。方法选取2022年1月至12月在我院行SMILE且散光在-5.00~-1.25 D的患者120例120眼(均选右眼)作为研究对象,按随机数表将患者分为标记组(60例)和不标记组(60例)。标记组患者由手术医生使用我科自主研发的散光精准定位标记工具进行标记。所有患者分别于术前及术后1 d、术后1周、术后3个月进行检查,收集术前及术后3个月的检查数据(裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、电脑验光结果)。利用矢量分析工具计算相关散光评价指标:|平均差异矢量|(|DV|)、矫正指数(CI)、误差角度绝对值(|AofE|)。采用尼德克屈光分析仪测量患者高阶像差,包括球差、彗差、三叶草差。应用SPSS 26.0软件对两组患者相关数据进行统计学分析。结果术前两组患者最佳矫正视力、球镜度和柱镜度差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。标记组患者术后3个月裸眼视力(logMAR)优于不标记组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月两组患者球镜度、柱镜度差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。术后3个月两组患者|DV|、CI差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);术后3个月标记组患者|AofE|小于不标记组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前两组患者彗差、三叶草差、球差差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);术后3个月两组患者彗差、三叶草差、球差均较术前明显增加(均为P<0.05)。术后3个月标记组患者彗差小于不标记组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论散光精准定位标记工具标记后行SMILE较不标记具有更佳的散光矫正效果,能明显优化SMILE所带来的彗差,提高患者视觉质量。

多通道运动矢量排序的可逆视频信息隐藏

针对现有基于运动矢量排序的视频可逆信息隐藏算法无法根据视频帧视觉特性自适应调节嵌入容量且容量有限的问题,提出一种多通道矢量排序的可逆视频信息隐藏算法.该算法通过计算参考帧的纹理复杂度和运动复杂度情况决定后续帧是否嵌入信息,从而实现后续帧的自适应信息嵌入,算法同时对多通道像素值排序(multi-pass pixel value ordering, multi-pass PVO)技术进行改进,将其应用于视频信息隐藏,有效提升可逆隐藏算法嵌入容量.实验结果表明,相较于同类算法,PSNR和SSIM的变化值分别降低14.5%和8.5%,嵌入容量提升7.4%,在视觉质量和嵌入容量方面有显著提高.

向量格中关于拉格朗日乘子存在性的证明

通过研究向量格中的Hahn-Banach定理,利用线性算子扩张的一般结果,进一步给出向量格中拉格朗日乘子存在性的证明.

六相全桥逆变器驱动PMSM的简化模型预测电流控制

全桥逆变器电机驱动或称开绕组结构虽然兼具相间电气隔离、容错性能好及器件开关频率低等优点,但存在逆变器输出电压矢量多、冗余严重且控制约束等问题。文中以共直流母线供电的六相全桥逆变器驱动六相永磁同步电机为研究对象,提出了一种基于二级矢量优化的简化模型预测电流控制算法,在实现电机定子基波电流有效跟踪控制的同时有效抑制了定子电流的谐波及零序分量。文中基于矢量空间解耦理论对六相全桥逆变器的输出电压矢量进行了分层分析,以定子基波电流控制、谐波及零序电流抑制为准则对逆变器输出的729个电压矢量进行二级优化,得到候选的12个电压矢量,以此为基础设计了模型预测电流控制算法。实验结果表明,该简化模型预测电流控制方法具有良好的动静态性能,能在基波电流控制的同时有效抑制谐波及零序电流分量,可为多相电机驱动系统研究提供一定的理论支撑。

基于分数阶的PMLSM比例积分矢量谐振控制

永磁直线同步电动机(PMLSM)运行时电流谐波会影响控制精度和鲁棒性,此处提出一种基于分数阶的比例积分矢量谐振控制(PI-FOVRC)方法。比例积分矢量谐振控制器可少电流谐波,但PMLSM运行时有参数变化现象,导致矢量谐振控制(VRC)增益降低,谐波增大。为此,在VRC中引入分数阶,设计PI-FOVRC,降低增益,减少谐波。理论分析和实验结果表明,所设计的PI-FOVRC方法提高了系统控制精度,减少了电流谐波,提高了系统鲁棒性。

A New Hybrid Order Approach to Morphological Color Image Processing Based on Reduced Order with Adaptive Absolute Reference

Mathematical morphology can process the binary and grayscale image successfully. This theory cannot be extended to the color image directly. In color space, a vector represents a pixel, so in order to compare vectors, vectoriel orderings must be defined first. This paper addresses the question of the extension of morphological operator to the case of color images. The proposed method used the order by bit mixing to replace the conditional order. Our order is based on a combination of reduced and bit mixing ordering of the underlying data. Additionally it is a total ordering. Since it not only solves the problems of false color generated by the marginal order but also those of multiple extrema generated by reduced order. The performance of the introduced operators is illustrated by means of different applications: color gradients for segmenting, image smoothing (noise suppression) by median filter operator and Laplacian operators. Examples of natural color images and synthetic color images are given. Experimental results show the improvement brought by this new method.

基于瞬时角速度信号增强的RV减速器行星齿轮局部故障检测

针对旋转矢量(rotary vector, RV)减速器多源耦合严重,行星齿轮局部故障所引起的冲击易被其他干扰分量所淹没,故障特征提取困难的问题,结合编码器信号的优势提出了一种基于自适应最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积(adaptive maximum second order cyclostationarity blind deconvolution, ACYCBD)的RV减速器行星齿轮局部故障检测方法。首先,拾取伺服电机内置光编码器信号,并利用向前差分计算获得瞬时角速度(instantaneous angular speed, IAS)信号;然后,依据特征评价指标(characteristic evaluation indicator, CEI)最大化原则自适应确定ACYCBD优化滤波器长度,并对IAS信号进行增强;最后,通过识别时域中与故障冲击周期相匹配的理论齿数实现RV减速器故障检测。通过试验数据分析,并将所提方法与现有的稀疏低秩分解算法和增强CYCBD算法对比,验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于SVPWM的永磁同步电机矢量控制方法研究

随着伺服电机在工业自动化领域中的应用,针对伺服电机矢量控制系统运行稳定问题,研究两电平空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)算法,建立基于转速环和电流环PI调节器的双闭环永磁同步电机矢量控制模型,在系统转速环设计一阶自抗扰控制器(ADRC),对该电机矢量控制方式进行优化。通过三相PWM波形在空载和负载情况下的脉冲宽度,电机转速以及转矩变化来对该永磁同步控制系统进行验证。仿真结果表明:优化后的永磁同步电机矢量控制方案能够有效提高响应速度和控制精度。

基于二阶自抗扰的永磁同步电机矢量控制

针对永磁同步电机调速系统易受突变负载影响导致转速下降的问题,结合二阶自抗扰控制器,实现了电机自抗扰控制。首先,给出了电机d-q轴数学模型,解决了ABC坐标系下电机多变量、非线性等问题;其次,针对电机d-q轴下的数学模型研究了q轴二阶自抗扰控制器;最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中进行了变速和加负载仿真,结果表明,二阶自抗扰控制器具有较好的鲁棒性、抗扰性和动态响应性。

Flux vector splitting solutions for coupling hydraulic transient of gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow in pipelines

The gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixed flow is the most general in multiphase mixed transportation. It is significant to exactly solve the coupling hydraulic transient problems of this type of multiphase mixed flow in pipelines. Presently, the method of characteristics is widely used to solve classical hydraulic transient problems. However, when it is used to solve coupling hydraulic transient problems, excessive interpolation errors may be introduced into the results due to unavoidable multiwave interpolated calculations. To deal with the problem, a finite difference scheme based on the Steger- Warming flux vector splitting is proposed. A flux vector splitting scheme is established for the coupling hydraulic transient model of gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixed flow in the pipelines. The flux subvectors are then discretized by the Lax-Wendroff central difference scheme and the Warming-Beam upwind difference scheme with second-order precision in both time and space. Under the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions and the corresponding boundary conditions, an effective solution to those points located at the boundaries is developed, which can avoid the problem beyond the calculation region directly induced by the second-order discrete technique. Numerical and experimental verifications indicate that the proposed scheme has several desirable advantages including high calculation precision, excellent shock wave capture capability without false numerical oscillation, low sensitivity to the Courant number, and good stability.

考虑改造扩建和安全效能成本的光储一体化充电站规划方法

在电动汽车的用户的持续增长的背景下,研究高效、经济的光储一体化充电站规划方法具有重要意义。从电网整体的角度出发,将设备改造扩建作为决策手段纳入到规划模型之中,考虑规划周期内新老设备交错、更替的影响以精确计算其资金时间价值,以安全效能成本(safety efficiency cost,SEC)为优化目标,提出了一种光储充一体化充电站的规划方法。首先,考虑各个种类设备的寿命周期和投运时间的不同,提出一种资金时间价值归算方法;然后基于电网整体角度,构建以光储一体化充电站新建、老式充电站改造和光储设备扩建为决策变量的SEC评价指标,并建立相应的规划模型;最后采用向量序优化算法对模型进行求解。基于仿真算例的结果表明,所提方法有效提升了光储充一体化充电站规划方案的综合效益及有效性。