Ocean is home town of wind and rain, treasury of resources. To exploit and use ocean will make great contribution to people’s existence and development. China is a great oceanic country with pre cinct sea area of 3,0...Ocean is home town of wind and rain, treasury of resources. To exploit and use ocean will make great contribution to people’s existence and development. China is a great oceanic country with pre cinct sea area of 3,000,000 km2. The eastern coastal region with only 60 km width, 15 % area and 40% of population of China, has created about 60% of GDP and has become the most developed region. But marine disaster in China is frequent and serious. From statistical data, economy loss made by surge, billow, sea ice, tsunami, red tide, oil spill, coast erosion, bay deposit, sea water intrusion, sea level rise, land salinization, sea water pollution, etc. increase quickly. Economy loss per year is one billion in the l980s, 10 billion in the l990s, exceeded 20 billion in 1996, and 30 billion in 1997. About 80% of it happened in the coastal area. So, marine disaster at present has become obstacle of society progress and economy development in coastal area. To mitigate marine disaster has become need for the economy development, also important task of the integrated coastal zone management. In this article, we briefly introduce countermeasures for marine disaster prevention, coastal zone management, and achievements made in the past 50 years, its problems now confronted, and the main countermeasures in the 21St century.展开更多
Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of upstream tirofiban with downstream tirofiban in patients with non- ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes （NSTE-ACS） at high-risk undergoing percutaneous coron...Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of upstream tirofiban with downstream tirofiban in patients with non- ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes （NSTE-ACS） at high-risk undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods Two hundred and four patients with NSTE-ACS at high-risk undergoing PCI were randomized to upstream （4 -6 hours before coronary angiography） tirofiban or downstream （with the guidewire crossing the lesion） tirofiban. We evaluated myocardial damage after PCI by qualitatively analyzing cardiac troponin I （cTnI） and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase （CK-MB）. Platelet aggregation inhibition and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction （TIMI） flow grade were assessed. The incidences of major adverse cardiac events （MACE） at 24-hour, 90-day and 180-day after PCI were followed up. The incidences of bleeding complications and thrombocytopenia during tirofiban administration were recorded. Results There were 102 patients with NSTE-ACS randomly assigned to upstream group and downstream group respectively. The peak serum levels of cTnI within 48 hours after PCI were significantly lower with upstream tirofiban than downstream tirofiban （0.34 vs 0. 61 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. Post-procedural cTnI elevation within 48 hours was significantly less frequent among patients who received upstream tirofiban than downstream tirofiban （63 % vs 82%, P 〈 0. 05 ）. The peak serum levels of CK-MB as well as post-procedural CK-MB elevation within 48 hours after PCI were not significantly different between the two groups （ 15 vs 18 and 38% vs 43% ; respectively; P 〉 0. 05 ）. ECG changes and the inhibition of platelet aggregation between two groups were similar （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Although the inci- dences of MACE at 90-day and 180-day after PCI were not statistically different, they were consistently lower with upstream tirofiban （3 % vs 6% and 6% vs 16% ; P 〉 0.05 ）. The incidences of bleeding complications and thrombocyto- penia were similar in the two groups （ 11% vs 9% ; P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusions Among patients with NSTE-ACS at high-risk undergoing PCI, upstream tirofiban is associated with attenuated myocardial damage without increasing complications. （ S Chin J Cardiol 2009; 10（4） ： 179 -185）展开更多
目的总结血液肿瘤患者PICC相关并发症预防的最佳证据,为临床实践提供参考。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、医脉通、美国国立指南库、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所网站、乔安娜布里格斯研究所...目的总结血液肿瘤患者PICC相关并发症预防的最佳证据,为临床实践提供参考。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、医脉通、美国国立指南库、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所网站、乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)数据库、国际指南协作网、苏格兰校际指南网站、WHO网站、BMJ、Up To Date、Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library关于血液科肿瘤患者PICC并发症预防的相关文献,检索时间为建库至2022年6月30日,对符合纳入排除标准的文献进行质量评价、证据分级及整合。结果最终纳入11篇文献,其中指南3篇、系统评价3篇、干预性研究2篇、专家共识3篇,总结出包括PICC评估与管理、置管前预防、置管中预防、置管后预防和健康教育5个方面的31条证据。结论本研究总结的血液肿瘤患者PICC相关并发症预防的最佳证据具有良好的科学性和系统性,可为提高患者治疗效果、减轻其经济负担提供循证依据,但应结合临床现况,针对性地运用最佳证据。展开更多
文摘Ocean is home town of wind and rain, treasury of resources. To exploit and use ocean will make great contribution to people’s existence and development. China is a great oceanic country with pre cinct sea area of 3,000,000 km2. The eastern coastal region with only 60 km width, 15 % area and 40% of population of China, has created about 60% of GDP and has become the most developed region. But marine disaster in China is frequent and serious. From statistical data, economy loss made by surge, billow, sea ice, tsunami, red tide, oil spill, coast erosion, bay deposit, sea water intrusion, sea level rise, land salinization, sea water pollution, etc. increase quickly. Economy loss per year is one billion in the l980s, 10 billion in the l990s, exceeded 20 billion in 1996, and 30 billion in 1997. About 80% of it happened in the coastal area. So, marine disaster at present has become obstacle of society progress and economy development in coastal area. To mitigate marine disaster has become need for the economy development, also important task of the integrated coastal zone management. In this article, we briefly introduce countermeasures for marine disaster prevention, coastal zone management, and achievements made in the past 50 years, its problems now confronted, and the main countermeasures in the 21St century.
文摘Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of upstream tirofiban with downstream tirofiban in patients with non- ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes （NSTE-ACS） at high-risk undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods Two hundred and four patients with NSTE-ACS at high-risk undergoing PCI were randomized to upstream （4 -6 hours before coronary angiography） tirofiban or downstream （with the guidewire crossing the lesion） tirofiban. We evaluated myocardial damage after PCI by qualitatively analyzing cardiac troponin I （cTnI） and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase （CK-MB）. Platelet aggregation inhibition and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction （TIMI） flow grade were assessed. The incidences of major adverse cardiac events （MACE） at 24-hour, 90-day and 180-day after PCI were followed up. The incidences of bleeding complications and thrombocytopenia during tirofiban administration were recorded. Results There were 102 patients with NSTE-ACS randomly assigned to upstream group and downstream group respectively. The peak serum levels of cTnI within 48 hours after PCI were significantly lower with upstream tirofiban than downstream tirofiban （0.34 vs 0. 61 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. Post-procedural cTnI elevation within 48 hours was significantly less frequent among patients who received upstream tirofiban than downstream tirofiban （63 % vs 82%, P 〈 0. 05 ）. The peak serum levels of CK-MB as well as post-procedural CK-MB elevation within 48 hours after PCI were not significantly different between the two groups （ 15 vs 18 and 38% vs 43% ; respectively; P 〉 0. 05 ）. ECG changes and the inhibition of platelet aggregation between two groups were similar （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Although the inci- dences of MACE at 90-day and 180-day after PCI were not statistically different, they were consistently lower with upstream tirofiban （3 % vs 6% and 6% vs 16% ; P 〉 0.05 ）. The incidences of bleeding complications and thrombocyto- penia were similar in the two groups （ 11% vs 9% ; P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusions Among patients with NSTE-ACS at high-risk undergoing PCI, upstream tirofiban is associated with attenuated myocardial damage without increasing complications. （ S Chin J Cardiol 2009; 10（4） ： 179 -185）
文摘目的总结血液肿瘤患者PICC相关并发症预防的最佳证据,为临床实践提供参考。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、医脉通、美国国立指南库、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所网站、乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)数据库、国际指南协作网、苏格兰校际指南网站、WHO网站、BMJ、Up To Date、Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library关于血液科肿瘤患者PICC并发症预防的相关文献,检索时间为建库至2022年6月30日,对符合纳入排除标准的文献进行质量评价、证据分级及整合。结果最终纳入11篇文献,其中指南3篇、系统评价3篇、干预性研究2篇、专家共识3篇,总结出包括PICC评估与管理、置管前预防、置管中预防、置管后预防和健康教育5个方面的31条证据。结论本研究总结的血液肿瘤患者PICC相关并发症预防的最佳证据具有良好的科学性和系统性,可为提高患者治疗效果、减轻其经济负担提供循证依据,但应结合临床现况,针对性地运用最佳证据。
