THE EVALUATION OF THE LONG-TERM RESULTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SALIVARY GLAND CARCINOMA

This paper summarized the long-term follow-up results and our clinical treatment experience of 426 patients with carcinoma of salivary gland, who had undergone surgical treatment in our department from 1957 to 1976 successively. Our study showed that the 10-year and 15-year survival rates were 63.3% and 59.1% respectively, much higher than the results presented by other researchers. The following four points were concluded: 1. The long-term treatment result of salivary gland carcinoma is determined not only on mode of treatment and clinical stage, but more on its pathologic type. For high malignant salivary carcinoma, comprehensive multidiscipline treatments should be adopted. 2. Management of primary focus." The different operative principle and mode shouht be worked out in advance according to pathologic type and primary site of tumors. 3. Management of lymphonode: For cases with undifferentiated carcinoma, low-differentiated mucoepiderrnoid carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and papillary cystadenocarcinoma, elective neck dissection should be performed. 4. Prevention of distant metastasis: Preoperative biopsy should be avoided. Frozen-section should be made during the operation and, diagnosis and treatment be accomplished in the meantime.

CHINA FOUNDRY Outstanding Paper Award Evaluation Results

CHINA FOUNDRY,begun in August 2004,sponsored by Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry,the only foundry research institution in China’s foundry industry,is a peer-revewed and SCI-E-indexed scholarly journal.It is now published jointly by Foundry Journal Agency and Springer in English to a worldwide readership.In order to recognize high quality and highly cited papers,and to enhance the quality and academic level of journal publication,CHINA FOUNDRY journal agency assessed articles published in 2015 and 2016.

对validation,verification和qualification三个质量管理术语之理解

目的针对目前药品行业对现代质量管理中的"确认(validation)"、"验证(verification)"和"鉴定(qualification)"等几个关于"确证"术语使用的混乱状况,探讨关于"确证"术语的含义及相互区别,强调药品领域正确应用这些术语的重要性。方法从这些术语的溯源开始,探讨其定义的内涵与外延、相互之间的关系以及中英文转化的标准化问题。结果与结论从"标准或规定要求"、"研发方"与"接受方"、"做事"等多角度—而不仅从活动类型角度—才能更好地理解这三个术语间的含义、联系和区别。

An empirical study on evaluation indexes of scientific research achievements in nursing

Objective: The purpose of this empirical study was to investigate the evaluation indexes of nursing research results and to provide references for the optimization of nursing research results and their clinical applications.Methods: A total of 150 clinical nursing studies were randomly selected, the clinical applications of their results were investigated,and the results were evaluated using the evaluation indexes of nursing research achievements.Results: The results of 101 clinical nursing studies were promoted through their application, accounting for 82.79%, but they were mostly promoted and applied in small areas. When the evaluation indexes of nursing research results were used to evaluate the results, the scores for the applied results were higher than those of unapplied results, and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Considering the levels of the results, the scores of the results of studies at the national level were higher than those of studies at the municipal and hospital levels; the scores of the results of studies at the provincial level were higher than those at the hospital level; and the scores of the results of originally innovative studies were higher than those of partially innovative studies. The differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). In terms of overall scores, the scores of the results at the provincial level were higher than those at the hospital level, and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).Conclusions: The evaluation indexes of nursing research results in this study can scientifically and effectively evaluate the level,value, and effectiveness of the nursing research results and can promote the clinical application of the optimized results.

Evaluation of Tianji and ECMWF high-resolution precipitation forecasts for extreme rainfall event in Henan in July 2021

The extreme rainfall event of July 17 to 22, 2021 in Henan Province, China, led to severe urban waterlogging and flood disasters. This study investigated the performance of high-resolution weather forecasts in predicting this extreme event and the feasibility of weather forecast-based hydrological forecasts. To achieve this goal, high-resolution precipitation forecasts from the Tianji weather system and the forecast system of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were evaluated with the spatial verification metrics of structure, amplitude, and location. The results showed that Tianji weather forecasts accurately predicted the amplitude of 12-h accumulated precipitation with a lead time of 12 h. The location and structure of the rainfall areas in Tianji forecasts were closer to the observations than ECMWF forecasts. Tianji hourly precipitation forecasts were also more accurate than ECMWF hourly forecasts, especially at lead times shorter than 8 h. The precipitation forecasts were used as the inputs to a hydrological model to evaluate their hydrological applications. The results showed that the runoff forecasts driven by Tianji weather forecasts could effectively predict the extreme flood event. The runoff forecasts driven by Tianji forecasts were more accurate than those driven by ECMWF forecasts in terms of amplitude and location. This study demonstrates that high-resolution weather forecasts and corresponding hydrological forecasts can provide valuable information in advance for disaster warnings and leave time for people to act on the event. The results encourage further hydrological applications of high-resolution weather forecasts, such as Tianji weather forecasts, in the future.

Self-Expanded Clustering Algorithm Based on Density Units with Evaluation Feedback Section

This paper presents an effective clustering mode and a novel clustering result evaluating mode. Clustering mode has two limited integral parameters. Evaluating mode evaluates clustering results and gives each a mark. The higher mark the clustering result gains, the higher quality it has. By organizing two modes in different ways, we can build two clustering algorithms： SECDU（Self-Expanded Clustering Algorithm based on Density Units） and SECDUF（Self-Expanded Clustering Algorithm Based on Density Units with Evaluation Feedback Section）. SECDU enumerates all value pairs of two parameters of clustering mode to process data set repeatedly and evaluates every clustering result by evaluating mode. Then SECDU output the clustering result that has the highest evaluating mark among all the ones. By applying ＂hill-climbing algorithm＂, SECDUF improves clustering efficiency greatly. Data sets that have different distribution features can be well adapted to both algorithms. SECDU and SECDUF can output high-quality clustering results. SECDUF tunes parameters of clustering mode automatically and no man＇s action involves through the whole process. In addition, SECDUF has a high clustering performance.

Evaluation of the Added Value of Probabilistic Nowcasting Ensemble Forecasts on Regional Ensemble Forecasts

Ensemble forecasting systems have become an important tool for estimating the uncertainties in initial conditions and model formulations and they are receiving increased attention from various applications.The Regional Ensemble Prediction System(REPS),which has operated at the Beijing Meteorological Service(BMS)since 2017,allows for probabilistic forecasts.However,it still suffers from systematic deficiencies during the first couple of forecast hours.This paper presents an integrated probabilistic nowcasting ensemble prediction system(NEPS)that is constructed by applying a mixed dynamicintegrated method.It essentially combines the uncertainty information(i.e.,ensemble variance)provided by the REPS with the nowcasting method provided by the rapid-refresh deterministic nowcasting prediction system(NPS)that has operated at the Beijing Meteorological Service(BMS)since 2019.The NEPS provides hourly updated analyses and probabilistic forecasts in the nowcasting and short range(0-6 h)with a spatial grid spacing of 500 m.It covers the three meteorological parameters:temperature,wind,and precipitation.The outcome of an evaluation experiment over the deterministic and probabilistic forecasts indicates that the NEPS outperforms the REPS and NPS in terms of surface weather variables.Analysis of two cases demonstrates the superior reliability of the NEPS and suggests that the NEPS gives more details about the spatial intensity and distribution of the meteorological parameters.

Clinical performance evaluation of O-Ring Halcyon Linac:A realworld study

BACKGROUND Radiation therapy,especially the development of linear accelerators,plays a key role in cancer management.The fast-rotating coplanar O-ring Halcyon Linac has demonstrated many advantages.The previous literature has mainly focused on the machine parameters and plan quality of Halcyon,with a lack of relevant research on its clinical application.AIM To evaluate the clinical performance of the O-ring Halcyon treatment system in a real-world application setting.METHODS Data from sixty-one patients who were treated with the Halcyon system throughout the entire radiotherapy process in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between August 2019 and September 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.We evaluated the target tumour response to radiotherapy and irradiation toxicity from 1 to 3 mo after treatment.Dosimetric verification of Halcyon plans was performed using a quality assurance procedure,including portal dosimetry,ArcCHECK and point dose measurements for verification of the system delivery accuracy.RESULTS Of the 61 patients in the five groups,16,12,7 and 26 patients had complete response,partial response,progressive disease and stable disease,respectively.No increase in the irradiated target tumour volume was observed when separately evaluating the local response.Regarding irradiation toxicity,no radiation-induced deaths were observed.Thirty-eight percent(23/61 patients)had no radiation toxicity after radiotherapy,56%(34/61 patients)experienced radiation toxicity that resolved after treatment,and 6%(4/61 patients)had irreversible adverse reactions.The average gamma passing rates with a 2%dose difference and 2-mm distance to agreement for IMRT/VMAT/SRT plans were ArcCHECK at 96.4%and portal dosimetry at 96.7%,respectively.All of the validated clinical plans were within 3%for point dose measurements,and Halcyon’s ArcCHECK demonstrated a high pass rate of 99.1%±1.1%for clinical gamma passing criteria of 3%/3 mm.CONCLUSION The O-ring Halcyon Linac could achieve a better therapeutic effect on the target volume by providing accurate treatment delivery plans with tolerable irradiation toxicity.

Studies on TOP executive performance evaluation system of Chinese listed companies

According to the development status of Chinese listed companies, it is important to implement a stock option incentive plan for the top executives (TE) of the companies. It is necessary to establish a set of indices to evaluate a top executive’s performance and award performance-based stock options to them scientifically and reasonably. This thesis sets indices from the perspective of the top executive’s behaviour and results, which differs from the traditional methods performance evaluation.

Adaptability Evaluation and Annual Production Model of Chinese Vegetable Varieties in Burundi

Burundi is one of the least developed countries identified by the United Nations.Vegetable is the main crop in Burundi,but the variety is relatively simple and the planting level is low.Making use of the rich vegetable varieties and advanced cultivation techniques in China,the adaptability evaluation of new vegetable varieties in China was jointly carried out in Burundi to screen the vegetable varieties suitable for local cultivation.The purpose of this paper is to study the integration of high-yield cultivation techniques and annual production model to improve the level of vegetable cultivation in Burundi.From 2009 to 2015,our unit,together with the Burundian Fruit and Vegetable Promotion Center,carried out screening experiments on 144 vegetable varieties,such as tomato,balsam pear,chieh-qua,wax gourd,and cabbage.Through the methods of preliminary screening and experimental screening,the vegetable varieties suitable for planting in Burundi were selected,and the cultivation techniques of some main vegetable varieties were studied.The demonstration new varieties and new techniques were integrated to verify the high-yield cultivation techniques in the field.In 2009,18 varieties suitable for local planting were selected from 96 vegetable varieties.In 2010,40 vegetable varieties were selected for screening test,and 9 varieties suitable for planting in Burundi were selected.In 2011,27 vegetable varieties selected in 2009 and 2010 were further evaluated for adaptability,and 13 vegetable varieties with high yield,strong resistance and good marketability were selected.Among them,there were 5 melon vegetables,3 solanaceous fruit vegetables,1 legume vegetables and 4 leafy vegetables.The cultivation techniques of some vegetable varieties were studied from 2011 to 2012,and the key points of cultivation techniques of chieh-qua and other vegetable varieties were clarified.According to the ecological characteristics of two main vegetable producing areas(the plateau and plain areas of Burundi),six sets of annual production and cropping arrangement plans covering melons,leafy vegetables,solanaceous fruits,beans and other vegetables were put forward,and the annual production model of multiple cropping and three-dimensional cultivation was integrated.From 2014 to 2015,according to the previous test results and market demand,8 vegetable varieties were selected for Burundi to carry out screening experiments.4 varieties with good yield and adaptability were selected for two consecutive years in 2014 and 2015.The integrated demonstration and effect verification of some selected vegetable varieties and cultivation techniques were carried out from 2015 to 2016,and the comprehensive advantages such as field yield and economic benefit were obvious.In this study,the adaptability of Chinese vegetable varieties in Burundi was evaluated,and 17 vegetable varieties suitable for local production were selected,including 5 melon vegetables,5 solanaceous fruit vegetables,1 legume vegetables and 6 leafy vegetables.This paper studies the integrated cultivation techniques and annual production model with obvious advantages in yield and benefit,which plays an important role in improving the planting level and benefit of vegetables in Burundi.

Research and perspectives on criteria for evaluation of nursing research achievements

This paper introduces concepts related to scientific research achievements, analyzes current evaluation methods with regard to nursing research achievements and their application at home and abroad, and summarizes findings from the investigation of obstacles to the application of nursing research results in China, aiming to provide reference points for the evaluation and application of nursing research results in China.

Illustrations of verification for seismic properties of masonry structures in primary and secondary school buildings

After Wenchuan earthquake,Code for verification of Seismic Protection of Building is revised and the seismic verification for the buildings of primary and secondary schools is upgraded from Class C to Class B. With this background,nearly one hundred buildings of primary and secondary schools in Jilin Province have been reevaluated by the earthquake-resistant standards and a set of simplified earthquake-resistant evaluation methods based on relevant technical standards and regulations were summarized and presented here. These methods can serve as an important reference for future earthquake-resistant evaluation for primary and secondary school buildings as well as a convenient guide for the relevant construction and modification works.

Development and preliminary verification of the evaluation system for clinical practice guidelines in China

Objective:Clinical practice guidelines can improve healthcare processes and patient outcomes;however,the quality of these guidelines varies greatly in China.The aim of this study was to construct a comprehensive instrument for the appraisal of clinical practice guidelines in China(AGREE-CHINA),and to validate its reliability as a tool for helping potential guideline users in assessing guideline quality.Methods:First,an interdisciplinary working group was established for developing the methods.They also created a checklist as a tool according to the Appraisal of Guidelines,Research and EvaluationⅡ(AGREEⅡ)standards,considering the particularity of Chinese clinical practice.Next,the first draft of AGREE-China was developed by vote,modification,preliminary trial,and crossverification.To ensure the objectivity,credibility,and reproducibility of the draft assessment,all of the checklists and standards were cross-reviewed fairly widely.Fin ally,AGREE-CHINA and AGREEⅡwere used to assess the Chinese guideli nes published in the past five years,and the results were compared.Results:The presented AGREE-CHINA covered five main checkpoints(science and rigor,effectiveness and safety,economy,usability and feasibility,and conflicts of interest)with each point divided into several more specific checkpoints.Definitions and rationales for each main checkpoint appear in the Appendix.The quality ratings based on the total scores of AGREE-China and AGREEⅡwere consistent(r=0.508,P=0.020).Compared with AGREEⅡ,the study showed a higher level of interraterreliability for AGREE-CHINA overall(ICC=0.957,P<0.001).The mean time required for AGREE-CHINA was less than that for AGREEⅡ:this was approximately 30 minutes for every assessment.User satisfaction was generally high.Conclusions:This paper has presented the first edition of the AGREE-CHINA appraisal tool for clinical guidelines.It is quick and easy to use;it assesses and performs well in comparison to AGREEⅡ.This first version of AGREE-CHINA will require further development and validation.

融入区块链的课程目标达成评价系统建构与应用研究

推进课程评价数字化转型升级,是实现教育现代化、推进教育高质量发展、建设教育强国的重要举措。然而,当前课程目标达成评价领域存在中心化管理、数据孤岛、安全性不足等问题,影响了课程目标达成评价的科学性和公信力,进而制约了课程评价数字化转型。为此,文章提出一种基于区块链技术变革课程评价的新思路,设计了融入区块链的课程目标达成评价系统,从数据共享框架、课程目标达成评价合约、隐私保护方案三个层面探讨系统的运行机制,并阐述该系统的主要功能和应用成效。文章设计的系统,可为消除数据孤岛、提高评价数据安全性、推动课程评价数字化转型提供参考。

汽车类专业人才产教融合+OBE理念培养实践——以《汽车电气设备》为例

基于“以学生发展为中心”的教育理念和落实“立德树人”的根本任务,针对《汽车电气设备》课程存在的教学手段单一、思政资源挖掘不深、教学评价体系不完善等教学痛点问题,结合课程特点,从“课程目标确定、教学资源创建、教学内容重塑、教学手段与模式改革、教学评价体系设计”5个方面系统性地实施了教学改革与实践,取得了一系列成效。学生学业成绩、高阶汽车电路分析与设计能力、综合素养不断提升;课程教学成果丰硕。

无人集群体系设计与仿真评估方法

无人集群作战正在成为一种改变战争形态的新型作战样式。针对当前无人装备试验相对独立、缺乏一体化闭环设计与集成验证手段的问题,提出了一种体系设计与仿真评估方法。该方法包含了作战概念建模与需求分析、体系设计理念与体系设计、内场仿真实验与方案探索、体系原型研发与评估优化、外场集成试验与综合决策五个阶段,创新发展了体系设计、仿真试验、评估优化的理论方法、工具链路、集成环境,为无人集群的体系化、智能化、实战化提供了一定的理论与技术支撑。

结果第一重要?高校学科评估价值取向的深层反思——兼论学科评估的模式创新

高校学科评估对促进高校学科建设具有不可替代的作用。高校及学科团队等建设主体对现行学科评估持有的“结果第一重要”价值取向,导致学科发展出现生态失衡和同质化等负面效应。产生问题的表层原因是建设主体站在了功利目的一边,深层原因是数数和排名等计量操作模式所致。认清学科评估不存在固定标准和绝对结果的本质特征,揭示学科评估的主要职能在于促进高校学科生态系统和成果发现机制的建设。提出构建以发挥建设主体自组织功能为主的新型评估模式的设想,真正实现“以评促建”的评估目的。

社会主义现代化强国评价指标体系的建构逻辑

全面建成社会主义现代化强国,必须明确社会主义现代化强国的概念要点,进而把握其核心要义、构成要素与评价要求,探求构建社会主义现代化强国评价指标体系的可行路径。本文旨在立足国内外现代化强国评价指标体系研究基础,把握时代发展趋势,结合我国实际情况,严格遵循“目标导向与问题导向、理论研究与实践创新、国际通用与各地适用、动态分析与静态剖析、技术可行与数据可比、数量指标与质量指标”六个相统一的构建原则,提炼设计出一套科学系统、行之有效的社会主义现代化强国评价指标体系。全面落实社会主义现代化强国评价指标体系,必须强化评价衡量标准、优化评价监测机制、转化评价结果运用,才能稳中有进全面建成社会主义现代化强国。

物联网专业“三师五环”全流程实践教学

基于工程教育理念,根据专业知识递进规律和工程技术人才能力形成规律,设计了物联网实践体系布鲁姆三领域教学目标;研发了“思、产、科、创”多元融入的多主题智慧物联网高阶实践项目,以及多学科交叉的“边端-云端”项目资源;模拟企业产品全生命周期研发流程和项目实施情景,建设包括“场景导入、产品构思、产品设计、产品实现、评价运作”的“ICDIO”五步实施路径,开展商业情景模拟下“三师五环”全流程实践教学。为学生营造出高度仿真企业式工作学习一体的实践环境,构建“多阶段、多维度和多元”可视化成果评价体系,全面、客观、量化的评价学生在项目实施中的表现和能力提升。