CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL AND SURGICAL STUDY OF VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA OF PENIS

Fifty-nine cases of resected verrucous carcinoma of penis are analysed. They account for 46 percent of the hospitalized patients with carcinoma of penis in the same time (1966--1990). Among them, 54 cases were diagnosed originally as squamous cell carcinoma.Surgical treatment included total amputation of the penis, urethral transplantation (23 cases), excision of testis (15 cases) and resection of the regional lymph nodes (25 cases). Our study demonstrates that the malignant degree of verrucous carcinoma of penis is low and it should be differentiated from squamous cell carcinoma in diagnosis and treatment. It is preferable that local tumour resection or partial amputation of penis should be carried out.

Classificatory updates in verrucous and cuniculatum carcinomas:Insights from the 5^(th) edition of WHO-IARC head and neck tumor classification

The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular updates in this classification accommodate emerging molecular discoveries,advances in immunohistochemical techniques,and evolving clinical insights.The 5th edition of the WHO/IARC classification of head and neck tumors refines the'Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue'chapter,including sections for non-neoplastic lesions,epithelial tumors,and tumors of uncertain histogenesis.Notably,the epithelial tumors section is rearranged by tumor behavior,starting with benign squamous papillomas and progressing through potentially malignant oral disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).The section on OSCC reflects recent information on epidemiology,pathogenesis,and histological prognostic factors.Noteworthy is the specific categorization of verrucous carcinoma(VC)and carcinoma cuniculatum(CC),both associated with the oral cavity and distinct in clinical and histologic characteristics.This classification adjustment emphasizes the oral cavity as their predominant site in the head and neck.Designating specific sections for VC and CC aims to provide comprehensive insights into these unique subtypes,elucidating their clinical features,distinct histological characteristics,prevalence,significance,and clinical relevance.By categorizing these subtypes into specific sections,the 5th edition of the WHO classification aims to provide a more nuanced and detailed account,enhancing our understanding of these specific variants within the broader spectrum of head and neck tumors.

Toe Absence Related to Verrucous Carcinoma

Introduction:Verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma.It generally grows exogenously and bone erosion is rare.Here we present a case of verrucous carcinoma on the foot with toe absence.Case presentation:A 64-year-old man presented with a 6-year history of a slowly growing exogenous hyperkeratotic verrucous lesion on the right fifth toe,which had been absent for 1year.Before the lesion appeared,he had undergone nail extraction on this toe.The culture of fungi and mycobacteria were negative.Three-dimensional computed tomography showed that the fifth toe of the right foot was absent.Histopathological examination showed that the lesion was exogenous and verrucous and exhibited moderate keratinocyte hyperplasia.Combined with clinical manifestation and histopathological examination,verrucous carcinoma is suggested.The lesion was surgically excised,and the patient was followed up for more than 6months without recurrence.Discussion:Verrucous carcinoma is an exophytic tumor with verrucous growth at the beginning,which can invade deep tissues and even cause limb mutilation.When encountering a patient with a wart-like plaque on the foot that responds poorly to conventional treatments,clinicians should maintain a high degree of clinical vigilance and a low threshold for biopsy.Conclusion:We observed a rare outcome of toe absence associated with verrucous carcinoma.Therefore,early diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma is very important.Surgical excision is an effective treatment at present.Extensive resection is usually required to avoid recurrence.

Overview of genetic signaling pathway interactions within cutaneous malignancies

Melanoma and non-melanoma cutaneous malignancies are some of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States.Though melanoma is more known to have a high mortality rate,the total mortality per year is nearly equal for between melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer.Moreover,the non-melanoma types of cutaneous malignancies have potential to become locally invasive and even metastasize with very little to no treatment options when advanced.The development of these malignancies involves various genetic pathways through the four hallmarks of cancer development:malignant cell growth,apoptosis evasion,the use of supporting stroma and vascularization,and modulating and promoting an inadequate immune response.The genetic signaling pathways of basal cell carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma,verrucous carcinoma,basosquamous cell carcinoma,melanoma,and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma interact with each other through genetic predisposition as well as with environmental exposures.Furthermore,solar ultraviolet radiation and chronic inflammatory states are found to initiate the progression of many of these cutaneous malignancies.This paper includes validated models of genetic pathways,emerging pathways,and crosstalk between genetic pathways through the four hallmarks of cancer development.Moreover,unlike most reviews addressing oncogenetics of the well-recognized,as well as newly discovered,genetic pathway mutations,this review stresses that these pathways are not fixed but rather exist in dynamic,interrelated,interactive,complex,and adaptive flux states.