Analysis of cut vertex in the control of complex networks

The control of complex networks is affected by their structural characteristic. As a type of key nodes in a network structure, cut vertexes are essential for network connectivity because their removal will disconnect the network. Despite their fundamental importance, the influence of the cut vertexes on network control is still uncertain. Here, we reveal the relationship between the cut vertexes and the driver nodes, and find that the driver nodes tend to avoid the cut vertexes.However, driving cut vertexes reduce the energy required for controlling complex networks, since cut vertexes are located near the middle of the control chains. By employing three different node failure strategies, we investigate the impact of cut vertexes failure on the energy required. The results show that cut vertex failures markedly increase the control energy because the cut vertexes are larger-degree nodes. Our results deepen the understanding of the structural characteristic in network control.

Data-driven simultaneous vertex and energy reconstruction for large liquid scintillator detectors

High-precision vertex and energy reconstruction are crucial for large liquid scintillator detectors such as that at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO),especially for the determination of neutrino mass ordering by analyzing the energy spectrum of reactor neutrinos.This paper presents a data-driven method to obtain a more realistic and accurate expected PMT response of positron events in JUNO and develops a simultaneous vertex and energy reconstruction method that combines the charge and time information of PMTs.For the JUNO detector,the impact of the vertex inaccuracy on the energy resolution is approximately 0.6%.

Optimizing Polynomial-Time Solutions to a Network Weighted Vertex Cover Game

Weighted vertex cover(WVC)is one of the most important combinatorial optimization problems.In this paper,we provide a new game optimization to achieve efficiency and time of solutions for the WVC problem of weighted networks.We first model the WVC problem as a general game on weighted networks.Under the framework of a game,we newly define several cover states to describe the WVC problem.Moreover,we reveal the relationship among these cover states of the weighted network and the strict Nash equilibriums(SNEs)of the game.Then,we propose a game-based asynchronous algorithm(GAA),which can theoretically guarantee that all cover states of vertices converging in an SNE with polynomial time.Subsequently,we improve the GAA by adding 2-hop and 3-hop adjustment mechanisms,termed the improved game-based asynchronous algorithm(IGAA),in which we prove that it can obtain a better solution to the WVC problem than using a the GAA.Finally,numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed IGAA can obtain a better approximate solution in promising computation time compared with the existing representative algorithms.

Arithmetic Operations of Generalized Trapezoidal Picture Fuzzy Numbers by Vertex Method

In this article, we define the arithmetic operations of generalized trapezoidal picture fuzzy numbers by vertex method which is assembled on a combination of the (α, γ, β)-cut concept and standard interval analysis. Various related properties are explored. Finally, some computations of picture fuzzy functions over generalized picture fuzzy variables are illustrated by using our proposed technique.

Vertex治疗齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位的早期并发症分析

[目的]分析Vertex治疗齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位的早期并发症发生的原因和预防措施。[方法]对18例齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位中的5例6项术中和术后早期发生的椎动脉损伤、失语、失明、大出血、置钉错误等并发症的原因进行分析,避免并发症的发生。[结果]所有发生的早期并发症都得到相应治疗,未遗留后遗症。[结论]Vertex治疗齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位的早期并发症均可以预防,一旦发生及时治疗效果满意。

Vertex内固定系统治疗寰枢椎不稳:临床效果与植入物特征的关系

文章探讨了Vertex内固定系统植入治疗寰枢椎不稳定的临床效果与植入物材料学性能的相关性。选择2004-01/2006-01泸州医学院附属医院收治的寰枢椎脱位与不稳26例患者,采用美国美敦力·枢法模·丹历公司生产的Vertex颈椎后路钉棒内固定系统进行手术。对26例寰枢椎脱位患者采用Vertex内固定及寰枢椎融合术,摄动力位X射线片及CT检查寰枢椎稳定程度,记录每一例患者的术中并发症,术后功能恢复及融合情况。结果:①22例患者术后3个月X射线片显示寰枢融合成功,3例患者术后6个月X射线片显示寰枢融合成功,1例患者1年后植骨吸收再手术植骨,在术后3个月融合成功。②无脊髓损伤加重等并发症,术前JOA17分法评定脊髓功能3～17分,平均6.8分,术后为5～17分,平均14.8分,改善率83%。③26例患者颈部伸屈运动正常,旋转功能均有部分丢失,18例患者旋转达120°,6例患者旋转达100°,1例患者旋转达60°。Vertex内固定系统是颈椎后路钉棒内固定系统,因其具有万向螺钉和随意塑行的棒相连接,做到了固定可靠,节段长短随意和钉棒连接方便的临床应用优点。Vertex内固定系统治疗寰枢椎脱位术后效果亦比较理想。

导航下后路Vertex椎弓根螺钉在Hangman骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨导航引导下Vertex椎弓根螺钉在Hangman骨折治疗中的应用。方法分析15例Hangman骨折患者,术中采用后路Vertex椎弓根螺钉进行固定、复位,植骨融合,并结合三维重建导航技术的使用。观察术中有无出现椎动脉或脊髓神经损伤等并发症,术后复查X线片了解骨折脱位的复位情况,随访观察内固定有无松动、神经功能恢复及植骨融合情况,综合评定该手术的可行性及疗效。结果 15例骨折脱位复位理想,随访5～24个月,内固定均未见松动,除1例植入异体松质骨粒术后14月未能达到骨性融合外,其他病例均达到植骨融合,颈2/3节段获得稳定,4例合并有颈髓损伤的患者术后得到恢复。结论 3D导航下Vertex椎弓根螺钉固定既可避免在置入椎弓根钉时损伤椎动脉及脊髓神经的风险,也可以为骨折脱位提供稳定的三柱固定,是治疗Hangman骨折理想的方法。

Vertex-distinguishing E-total Coloring of Complete Bipartite Graph K 7,n when7≤n≤95

Let G be a simple graph. A total coloring f of G is called an E-total coloring if no two adjacent vertices of G receive the same color, and no edge of G receives the same color as one of its endpoints. For an E-total coloring f of a graph G and any vertex x of G, let C（x） denote the set of colors of vertex x and of the edges incident with x, we call C（x） the color set of x. If C（u） ≠ C（v） for any two different vertices u and v of V （G）, then we say that f is a vertex-distinguishing E-total coloring of G or a VDET coloring of G for short. The minimum number of colors required for a VDET coloring of G is denoted by Хvt^e（G） and is called the VDE T chromatic number of G. The VDET coloring of complete bipartite graph K7,n （7 ≤ n ≤ 95） is discussed in this paper and the VDET chromatic number of K7,n （7 ≤ n ≤ 95） has been obtained.

Vertex-distinguishing IE-total Colorings of Cycles and Wheels

Let G be a simple graph. An IE-total coloring f of G refers to a coloring of the vertices and edges of G so that no two adjacent vertices receive the same color. Let C（u） be the set of colors of vertex u and edges incident to u under f. For an IE-total coloring f of G using k colors, if C（u）=C（v） for any two different vertices u and v of V （G）, then f is called a k-vertex-distinguishing IE-total-coloring of G, or a k-VDIET coloring of G for short. The minimum number of colors required for a VDIET coloring of G is denoted by χievt（G）, and is called the VDIET chromatic number of G. We get the VDIET chromatic numbers of cycles and wheels, and propose related conjectures in this paper.

Vertex 60 SPECT双探头性能对比

Vertex60SPECT ,其双探头比单探头设备效率提高1倍。在应用中应特别重视双探头性能是否匹配 ,否则其图像反而不及单探头设备。用ADAC公司自带软件 ,对Vertex60SPECT仪的双探头进行性能测试和对比 ,结果各项指标均达到要求 。

Adjacent Vertex-distinguishing E-total Coloring on Some Join Graphs Cm ∨ Gn

Let G(V, E) be a simple connected graph and k be positive integers. A mapping f from V∪E to {1, 2, ··· , k} is called an adjacent vertex-distinguishing E-total coloring of G(abbreviated to k-AVDETC), if for uv ∈ E(G), we have f(u) ≠ f(v), f(u) ≠ f(uv), f(v) ≠ f(uv), C(u) ≠C(v), where C(u) = {f(u)}∪{f(uv)|uv ∈ E(G)}. The least number of k colors required for which G admits a k-coloring is called the adjacent vertex-distinguishing E-total chromatic number of G is denoted by x^e_(at) (G). In this paper, the adjacent vertexdistinguishing E-total colorings of some join graphs C_m∨G_n are obtained, where G_n is one of a star S_n , a fan F_n , a wheel W_n and a complete graph K_n . As a consequence, the adjacent vertex-distinguishing E-total chromatic numbers of C_m∨G_n are confirmed.

Vertex-distinguishing IE-total Colorings of Complete Bipartite Graphs K8,n

Let G be a simple graph. An IE-total coloring f of G is a coloring of the vertices and edges of G so that no two adjacent vertices receive the same color. For each vertex x of G, let C(x) be the set of colors of vertex x and edges incident to x under f. For an IE-total coloring f of G using k colors, if C(u) ≠ C(v) for any two different vertices u and v of G, then f is called a k-vertex-distinguishing IE-total-coloring of G or a k-VDIET coloring of G for short. The minimum number of colors required for a VDIET coloring of G is denoted by χ_(vt)^(ie) (G) and is called vertex-distinguishing IE-total chromatic number or the VDIET chromatic number of G for short. The VDIET colorings of complete bipartite graphs K_(8,n)are discussed in this paper. Particularly, the VDIET chromatic number of K_(8,n) are obtained.

Vertex-distinguishing VE-total Colorings of Cycles and Complete Graphs

Let G be a simple graph of order at least 2.A VE-total-coloring using k colors of a graph G is a mapping f from V (G) E(G) into {1,2,···,k} such that no edge receives the same color as one of its endpoints.Let C(u)={f(u)} {f(uv) | uv ∈ E(G)} be the color-set of u.If C(u)=C(v) for any two vertices u and v of V (G),then f is called a k-vertex-distinguishing VE-total coloring of G or a k-VDVET coloring of G for short.The minimum number of colors required for a VDVET coloring of G is denoted by χ ve vt (G) and it is called the VDVET chromatic number of G.In this paper we get cycle C n,path P n and complete graph K n of their VDVET chromatic numbers and propose a related conjecture.

Smarandachely Adjacent-vertex-distinguishing Proper Edge Coloring ofK4 ∨ Kn

Let f be a proper edge coloring of G using k colors.For each x∈V(G),the set of the colors appearing on the edges incident with x is denoted by S_f(x)or simply S(x)if no confusion arise.If S(u)■S(v)and S(v)■S(u)for any two adjacent vertices u and v,then f is called a Smarandachely adjacent vertex distinguishing proper edge coloring using k colors,or k-SA-edge coloring.The minimum number k for which G has a Smarandachely adjacent-vertex-distinguishing proper edge coloring using k colors is called the Smarandachely adjacent-vertex-distinguishing proper edge chromatic number,or SAedge chromatic number for short,and denoted byχ'_(sa)(G).In this paper,we have discussed the SA-edge chromatic number of K_4∨K_n.

AN ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING CONCAVE VERTEX OF OBJECT BASED ON VECTOR PRODUCT

Concave vertex of an object is an important parameter for analyzing an object’s shape. A new algorithm for searching concave vertex is proposed in this paper. The new algorithm requires tracking the border firstly,and then uses sampling border to obtain coordinates sequence of discrete boundary points. Each sampling point of the discrete border is determined to be either concave or convex according to the value of vector product. Two inflexions can be searched by the change of concavo-convex trend. The region between two inflexions is defined as concave area. The values of distance are calculated between all boundary points on the concave area and a straight line connected by two inflexions. The boundary point corresponding to the greatest distances is max concave vertex,or the object’s concave vertex. Experimental results have proved that the new algorithm can extract the max concave vertexes of an object accurately and reliably.

The Generalized Sine Theorem for Mixed Vertex Angle of Two Simplices and Applications

Some related problems of two n-dimensional simplices which are on an(n- 1)-dimensional hypersphere are investigated and a sine theorem of the k-dimensional mixed vertex angles which are defined in this paper is given. This result is a generalization of the sine theorem established. By using the generalized sine theorem, we present some new interesting geometric inequalities involving the k-dimensional vertex angles of each n-simplex and the k-dimensional mixed vertex angle of two n-simplices. These results can improve some recent results.

Vertex注塑系统与热凝工艺制作义齿的效果比较

目的:比较Vertex注塑系统与传统热凝工艺制作的义齿的临床使用效果。方法:随机选取100例无牙颌患者,分别采用这两种工艺制作义齿。随访患者2年,比较两组义齿的折裂,固位及人工牙脱落情况。结果:注塑组的折裂率、固位不良率、人工牙脱落率均低于传统热凝组。结论:与传统热凝工艺相比,Vertex注塑系统制作的义齿机械性能更稳定,组织适应性好,人工牙不易脱落,能满足临床应用。

A dynamic cellular vertex model of growing epithelial tissues

Intercellular interactions play a significant role in a wide range of biological functions and processes at both the cellular and tissue scales, for example, embryogenesis, organogenesis, and cancer invasion. In this paper, a dynamic cellular vertex model is presented to study the morphomechanics of a growing epithelial monolayer. The regulating role of stresses in soft tissue growth is revealed. It is found that the cells originating from the same parent cell in the monolayer can orchestrate into clustering patterns as the tissue grows. Collective cell migration exhibits a feature of spatial correlation across multiple cells. Dynamic intercellular interactions can engender a variety of distinct tissue behaviors in a social context. Uniform cell proliferation may render high and heterogeneous residual compressive stresses, while stress-regulated proliferation can effectively release the stresses, reducing the stress heterogeneity in the tissue. The results highlight the critical role of mechanical factors in the growth and morphogenesis of epithelial tissues and help understand the development and invasion of epithelial tumors.

Event vertex and time reconstruction in large-volume liquid scintillator detectors

Large-volume liquid scintillator detectors with ultra-low background levels have been widely used to study neutrino physics and search for dark matter.Event vertex and event time are not only useful for event selection but also essential for the reconstruction of event energy.In this study,four event vertex and event time reconstruction algorithms using charge and time information collected by photomultiplier tubes were analyzed comprehensively.The effects of photomultiplier tube properties were also investigated.The results indicate that the transit time spread is the main effect degrading the vertex reconstruction,while the effect of dark noise is limited.In addition,when the event is close to the detector boundary,the charge information provides better performance for vertex reconstruction than the time information.