A proper edge colouring f of a graph G is called acyclic if there are no bichromatic cycles in the graph. The acyclic edge chromatic number or acyclic chromatic index, denoted by , is the minimum number of colours in ...A proper edge colouring f of a graph G is called acyclic if there are no bichromatic cycles in the graph. The acyclic edge chromatic number or acyclic chromatic index, denoted by , is the minimum number of colours in an acyclic edge colouring of G. In this paper, we discuss the acyclic edge colouring of middle, central, total and line graphs of prime related star graph families. Also exact values of acyclic chromatic indices of such graphs are derived and some of their structural properties are discussed.展开更多
The drying kinetics of Roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L) of variety Terengganu(UMKL-1) and the quality attribution of Roselle were studied. The experiments were conducted using four different drying methods, including so...The drying kinetics of Roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L) of variety Terengganu(UMKL-1) and the quality attribution of Roselle were studied. The experiments were conducted using four different drying methods, including solar greenhouse drying(SD), solar greenhouse with intermittent heat pump drying(SIHP), hot air drying(HA) and heat pump drying(HP). Among the four drying methods, HP achieved the highest drying rate at a range from0.054 g H_2 O·(g DM)^(-1) ·min^(-1) to 0.212 g H_2 O·(g DM)^(-1)·min^(-1) while SD had the lowest drying rate, measured at 0.042 g H_2 O·(g DM)^(-1)·min^(-1).The analysis on colour kinetics revealed that there is no significant colour loss(p > 0.05) observed from HP's dried Roselle. Greater amount of flavonoid compounds i.e. protocatechuic acid was found in SD and SIHP dried finished product whereas HP's dried Roselle contains higher percentage of catechin as compared to other drying methods.展开更多
文摘A proper edge colouring f of a graph G is called acyclic if there are no bichromatic cycles in the graph. The acyclic edge chromatic number or acyclic chromatic index, denoted by , is the minimum number of colours in an acyclic edge colouring of G. In this paper, we discuss the acyclic edge colouring of middle, central, total and line graphs of prime related star graph families. Also exact values of acyclic chromatic indices of such graphs are derived and some of their structural properties are discussed.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry(MOA),Malaysia(NER30001)
文摘The drying kinetics of Roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L) of variety Terengganu(UMKL-1) and the quality attribution of Roselle were studied. The experiments were conducted using four different drying methods, including solar greenhouse drying(SD), solar greenhouse with intermittent heat pump drying(SIHP), hot air drying(HA) and heat pump drying(HP). Among the four drying methods, HP achieved the highest drying rate at a range from0.054 g H_2 O·(g DM)^(-1) ·min^(-1) to 0.212 g H_2 O·(g DM)^(-1)·min^(-1) while SD had the lowest drying rate, measured at 0.042 g H_2 O·(g DM)^(-1)·min^(-1).The analysis on colour kinetics revealed that there is no significant colour loss(p > 0.05) observed from HP's dried Roselle. Greater amount of flavonoid compounds i.e. protocatechuic acid was found in SD and SIHP dried finished product whereas HP's dried Roselle contains higher percentage of catechin as compared to other drying methods.
