An Optimized Vertical Handoff Algorithm Based on Markov Process in Vehicle Heterogeneous Network

In order to solve the problem the existing vertical handoff algorithms of vehicle heterogeneous wireless network do not consider the diversification of network's status, an optimized vertical handoff algorithm based on markov process is proposed and discussed in this paper. This algorithm takes into account that the status transformation of available network will affect the quality of service(Qo S) of vehicle terminal's communication service. Firstly, Markov process is used to predict the transformation of wireless network's status after the decision via transition probability. Then the weights of evaluating parameters will be determined by fuzzy logic method. Finally, by comparing the total incomes of each wireless network, including handoff decision incomes, handoff execution incomes and communication service incomes after handoff, the optimal network to handoff will be selected. Simulation results show that: the algorithm proposed, compared to the existing algorithm, is able to receive a higher level of load balancing and effectively improves the average blocking rate, packet loss rate and ping-pang effect.

A QoS-aware vertical handoff algorithm based on predictive network information

In converged heterogeneous wireless networks, vertical handoff is an important issue in radio resource management and occurs when an end user switches from one network to another （e.g., from wireless local area network to wideband code division multiple access）. Efficient vertical handoff should allocate network resources efficiently and maintain good quality of service （QoS） for the end users. The objective of this work is to determine conditions under which vertical handoff can be performed. The channel usage situation of each access network is formulated as a birth-death process with the objective of predicting the avaliable bandwidth and the blocking probability. A reward function is used to capture the network bandwidth and the blocking probability is expressed as a cost function. An end user will access the certain network which maximizes the total function defined as the combination of the reward fimction and the cost function. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the network performance, including higher bandwidth for end users and lower new call blocking and handoff call blocking probability for networks.

Vertical handoff algorithm in heterogeneous networks to maximize system benefit

A new vertical handoff decision algorithm is proposed to maximize the system benefit in heterogeneous wireless networks which comprise cellular networks and wireless local area networks （WLANs）. Firstly the block probability, the drop probability and the number of users in the heterogeneous networks are calculated in the channel-guard call admission method, and a function of the system benefit which is based on the new call arrival rate and the handoff call arrival rate is proposed. Then the optimal radius of WLAN is obtained by using simulation annealing （SA） method to maximize the benefit. All the nodes should handoff from cellular network to WLAN if they enter WLAN＇s scope and handoff from WLAN to cellular network if they leave the scope. Finally, the algorithm in different new call arrival rates and handoff call arrival rates is analyzed and results show that it can achieve good effects.

A Novel Vertical Handoff Algorithm with Dynamic Weights in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks

In order to enhance the quality of vertical handoff in an overlay wireless network, multiple attributes are taken into account when optimizing the vertical handoff decision including user-based and network-based QoS factors. In this paper, we develop a novel vertical handoff algorithm in an integrated 3G cellular and Wireless LAN networks. The proposed algorithm can adjust the weight of each QoS attribute dynamically as the networks change, trace the network condition and choose the optimal access point at transient regions. Simulation results show that this algorithm is able to provide accurate handoff decision, resulting in small unnecessary handoff numbers, good performance of throughput and handoff delay in heterogeneous environments.

VERTICAL HANDOFF ALGORITHM IN HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS FOR REDUCING INTERFERENCE

A vertical handoff decision algorithm in heterogeneous networks composed of CDMA Cell Networks (CN) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is proposed to minimize the total inter- ference in CDMA. The scope of WLAN is determined by minimizing interference and each commu- nicating node shall handoff to WLAN as soon as it enters the scope. We first propose a model for heterogeneous networks, and based on it we obtain the close-form expression of interference. In order to minimize interference, we use simulation annealing method to get the WLAN radius, which is called basic algorithm. In order to reduce the interference further, we improve the basic and get the enhanced algorithm. Through numerical computing, we analyze the interference in condition of different call arrive rates, and results show that the enhanced can reduce interference more greatly than the basic.

SAE-TOPSIS algorithm for vertical handoff decision in heterogeneous wireless networks

An improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） algorithm, SAE-TOPSIS, is proposed for the vertical handoff decision in heterogeneous wireless networks. The signal to interference plus noise ratio （SINR） effects, analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and infor- mation entropy （SAE） weight method were introduced into the algorithm. Handoff decision meeting the multi-attribute quality of service （QoS） requirement is made according to an attribute matrix and weight vector using the TOPSIS algorithm. The simulation results have shown that the proposed algo- rithm can provide satisfactory performance fitted to the characteristics of the traffic.

An improved multiplicative exponent weighting vertical handoff algorithm for WLAN/WCDMA heterogeneous wireless networks

An improved MEW （ muhiplicative exponent weighting） algorithm, SLE-MEW is proposed for vertical handoff decision in heterogeneous wireless networks. It introduces the SINR（ signal to interference plus noise ratio） effects, LS （least square） and information entropy method into the algorithm. An attribute matrix is constructed considering the SINR in the source network and the equivalent SINR in the target network, the required bandwidth, the traffic cost and the available bandwidth of participating access networks. Handoff decision meeting multi-attribute QoS（quality of serv- ice） requirement is made according to the traffic features. The subjective weight relation of decision elements is determined with LS method. The information entropy method is employed to derive the objective weights of the evaluation criteria, and lead to the comprehensive weight. Finally decision is made using MEW algorithm based on the attribute matrix and weight vector. Four 3GPP（ the 3rd generation partnership project） defined traffic classes are considered in performance evaluation. The simulation results have shown that the proposed algorithm can provide satisfactory performance fitting to the characteristics of the traffic.

Intelligent handoff decision in radio heterogeneous network

Abstract： In order to improve the accuracy of vertical handoff decision for radio heterogeneous network, this paper proposes an intelligent adaptive multi-criteria vertical handoff （AMVHO） decision algorithm. This algo- rithm uses a fuzzy inference system （FIS） and a modified Elman neural network （MENN）. The FIS adopts the crucial criteria of vertical handoff as input variables and makes handoff decision based on the defined rule base. The MENN helps to predict the number of users of the after-handoff network, which is a pivotal variable of the FIS. Simulation results show that, compared with the conventional method, the AMVHO decision algorithm a- chieves better performance in guaranteeing the quality of service （QoS） of the after-handoff communication.

异构无线网络资源管理与切换控制技术

随着通信技术的发展,新型业务逐渐增多,传统的通信网络无法满足各种业务之间巨大的性能需求差异,未来的通信网络逐渐向异构网络进行发展。针对异构网络中资源调配与垂直切换的问题,利用虚拟网络技术与资源虚拟化技术设计了异构网络中的无线资源管理方法,并设计了子网间垂直切换算法。该算法利用层次分析法与熵权法得到各网络参数的综合权值,加权得到各网络的效用值并依此选择最优网络。通过搭建系统平台验证了设计的异构无线网络的有效性,为后续异构无线网络的研究提供了参考。

An Efficient Handoff Decision Algorithm for Vertical Handoff Between WWAN and WLAN

Vertical handoff is one significant challenge for mobility management in heterogeneous wireless networks. Compared with horizontal handoff, vertical handoff involves different wireless network technologies varying widely in terms of bandwidth, delay, coverage area, power consumption, etc. In this paper, we analyze the signal strength model of mobile node and present a new vertical handoff decision algorithm. This algorithm can adapt to the change of mobile node＇s velocity and improve the handoff efficiency significantly. We analyze the algorithm＇s performance and the effect of different parameters on handoff triggering. In addition, we propose three performance evaluation models and verify the algorithm＇s feasibility and effectiveness in simulations.

Intelligent Vertical Handoffs between Heterogeneous Communication Networks

This paper proposes an intelligent vertical handoff algorithm to maintain an ongoing call between a cellular mobile network and a Wireless Local Area Network （WLAN）, based on the Received Signal Strength （RSS） threshold and an adaptive RSS hysteresis generated by fuzzy logic. In addition, the proposed algorithm accounts for the WLAN traffic loading and the direction of movement and speed of the Mobile Station （MS）. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm offers better system performance in terms of number of handoffs and probability of call dropping.

Adaptive vertical handoff algorithm in heterogeneous networks

The integration of cellular network （CN） and wireless local area network （WLAN） is the trend of the next generation mobile communication systems, and nodes will handoff between the two kinds of networks. The received signal strength （RSS） is the dominant factor considered when handoff occurs. In order to improve the handoff efficiency, this study proposes an adaptive decision algorithm for vertical handoff on the basis of fast Fourier transform （FFT）. The algorithm makes handoff decision after analyzing the signal strength fluctuation which is caused by slow fading through FFT. Simulations show that the algorithm reduces the number of handoff by 35%, shortens the areas influenced by slow fading, and enables the nodes to make full use of WLAN in communication compared with traditional algorithms.

A Novel Vertical Handoff Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic in Aid of Grey Prediction Theory in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks

To coordinate the various access technologies in the 4G communication system,intelligent vertical handoff algorithms are required.This paper mainly deals with a novel vertical handoff decision algorithm based on fuzzy logic with the aid of grey theory and dynamic weights adaptation.The grey prediction theory(GPT) takes 4 sampled received signal strengths as input parameters,and calculates the predicted received signal strength in order to reduce the call dropping probability.The fuzzy logic theory based quantitative decision algorithm takes 3 quality of service(QoS)metric,received signal strength(RSS),available bandwidth(BW),and monetary cost (MC)of candidate networks as input parameters.The weight of each QoS metrics is adjusted along with the networks changing to trace the network condition.The final optimized vertical handoff decision is made by comparing the quantitative decision values of the candidate networks.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides high performance in heterogeneous as well as homogeneous network environments.

异构无线网络垂直切换技术综述

垂直切换是多网融合的基础,是实现异构网络互通、支持不同接入方式无缝衔接的核心技术,目前正在受到业界的重点关注,并成为学术界研究的热点问题。随着无线移动通信技术向接入多元化、网络一体化和应用综合化的方向发展,各种蜂窝移动接入、宽带无线接入和固定接入将共同接入基于IP的统一核心网络,通过网络间的垂直切换,支持用户的移动性和移动过程中业务的连续性。首先给出了垂直切换的定义和基本概念,介绍了垂直切换的分类和基本流程,随后详细论述垂直切换的切换判决和切换执行2个环节。针对切换判决,总结了现有判决算法,重点评述各代表算法工作原理并剖析论其特点和存在的不足。针对切换执行,详述了现有垂直切换执行机制的工作原理和适用场景,并分析其优缺点。最后,对未来垂直切换技术的研究方向进行了展望。

异构网络中基于马尔可夫过程的区分业务无线资源管理研究

文中提出了一种基于UTMS蜂窝网络和WLAN异构网络的协同无线资源管理算法。该算法的关键参数包括业务类型、用户终端移动性和位置信息等,协同地利用异构网络中的资源,并同时能保证业务的QoS和业务成本的最小化。通过马尔可夫模型分析了算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,在不同的移动性和网络负荷条件下,文中算法能够明显降低不必要的垂直切换到达率,提供稳定的通信,并有效地提高了系统吞吐量。

异构无线网络中垂直切换算法的评测与改进

垂直切换作为多网融合的基础,受到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注.目前,相关工作主要集中于垂直切换算法的研究.但由于各种算法用于自身验证的仿真评测环境各不相同,因此无法公平地予以对比.从节点运动模型出发,提出了一组适合垂直切换算法的仿真评价模型.基于所提出的仿真评价模型,对常用的迟滞电平算法和驻留定时器算法进行了性能分析.在此基础上,提出了一种自适应垂直切换算法(self-adaptive vertical handoff algorithm,简称SAVA).仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地提高垂直切换的性能.

一种基于速度感知的垂直切换算法

未来的4G网络不是由单一的接入方式构成,而是采用不同的无线接入技术的多种网络的融合.不同网络接入技术间的切换称为垂直切换.本文提出了一种基于速度感知的垂直切换算法,不需确切的节点坐标和速度信息,利用接收信号强度的历史测量数据来表征节点运动速度的影响,提高对切换触发时机的准确判断.该算法可以自动调整以适应不同的节点运动速度,有效提高垂直切换的效率.仿真试验表明该算法能有效提高垂直切换的性能.

异构无线网络中的垂直切换仿真评价模型及评价指标

垂直切换是多网融合的基础,也是未来移动互联网的关键特征和核心技术。分析了现有的切换触发机制,从节点运动模型出发,提出了一组适合异构无线网络环境的垂直切换仿真评价模型,用来评价运动方向和运动速度对切换性能的影响,以及规律运动、随机运动过程中垂直切换算法的实时性和有效性。并且,定义了“命中率”和“平均乒乓次数”两个评价指标来衡量垂直切换算法的性能。基于所提出的仿真评价模型及评价指标,对常用的切换算法进行了性能分析,仿真结果可以很好地反映算法性能。

代价函数权值可变的速度自适应的异构无线网络垂直切换算法

利用移动车载终端的测速功能,针对移动WiMAX网络支持高速移动的特点,本文提出了一种在异构无线网络中的基于车载终端的代价函数权值可变的速度自适应垂直切换算法.该算法使用速度自适应策略克服了网络发现阶段采用测量网络的接收信号强度这种固定且单一的网络发现方式带来的缺点,提高了候选网络集更新速度,改进了高速移动用户网络发现的时机;进一步,在切换判决阶段使用代价函数权值可变的垂直切换算法,综合考虑了接入网络和用户的多种属性,选取代价函数值最大的网络为切换的最佳网络.仿真结果表明,本文算法可以有效地提高网络更新速度,降低网络阻塞率,减少切换次数,保证切换的有效性和公平性.