Longitudinal vibration characteristics of a tapered pipe pile considering the vertical support of surrounding soil and construction disturbance

This research is concentrated on the longitudinal vibration of a tapered pipe pile considering the vertical support of the surrounding soil and construction disturbance.First,the pile-soil system is partitioned into finite segments in the vertical direction and the Voigt model is applied to simulate the vertical support of the surrounding soil acting on the pile segment.The surrounding soil is divided into finite ring-shaped zones in the radial direction to consider the construction disturbance.Then,the shear complex stiffness at the pile-soil interface is derived by solving the dynamic equilibrium equation for the soil from the outermost to innermost zone.The displacement impedance at the top of an arbitrary pile segment is obtained by solving the dynamic equilibrium equation for the pile and is combined with the vertical support of the surrounding soil to derive the displacement impedance at the bottom of the upper adjacent segment.Further,the displacement impedance at the pile head is obtained based on the impedance function transfer technique.Finally,the reliability of the proposed solution is verified,followed by a sensitivity analysis concerning the coupling effect of the pile parameters,construction disturbance and the vertical support of the surrounding soil on the displacement impedance of the pile.

Torsional vibration active control of hybrid construction machinery complex shafting

Due to the coaxial connection of engine, motor and pump, the dynamic characteristics of hybrid construction machinery are changed, which generates a new torsional vibration problem of multi-power sources. To reduce the torsional vibration of the hybrid construction machinery complex shafting, torsional vibration active control was proposed. The three-mass model of coaxial shafting of hybrid construction machinery was established. The PID control and the fuzzy sliding mode control were chosen to weaken torsional vibration by controlling the motor speed and torque. The simulation results show that the fuzzy sliding mode control has 12% overshoot of the PID control when the engine torque changes. The active control is effective and can realize smooth power switch.

Wavelet basis construction method based on separation blast vibration signal

As wavelet basis in wavelet analysis is neither arbitrary nor unique,the same signal dealing with different wavelet bases will generate different results.Therefore,how to construct a wavelet basis suitable for the characteristics of the analyzed signal and solve its algorithm and realization is a fundamental problem which perplexed many researchers.To solve these problems,in accordance with the basic features of the measured millisecond blast vibration signal,a new wavelet basis construction method based on the separation blast vibration signal is proposed,and the feasibility of this method is verified by comparing the practical effect of the newly constructed wavelet with other known wavelets in signal processing.

Dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete frame structure during construction

The effects of concrete's time-variant elastic modulus,casting structural components,assembling temporary shoring framework system,and shock by operating construction equipment on dynamic behavior of the reinforced concrete frame structure during construction were investigated. The dynamic tests of an eight-storey reinforced concrete frame structure during full-scaled stages of the sixth storey construction cycle were carried out by ambient vibration. Natural frequencies,corresponding mode shapes and damping ratio were determined by power spectrum processing the tested signal data in frequency domain. The changes of frequencies,mode shapes and damping ratios at different construction stages were given. The results show that natural frequencies and modal damping ratios reach the maximum at stage of casting fresh concrete,especially for higher modes. Modal damping ratios at each construction stage are less than 5% of those during usage.

Constructing Electron Microscope Labs: Challenges and Solutions

The construction of advanced laboratories for precision instruments, such as electron microscopes, involves unique challenges that are influenced by the specific environmental conditions required for optimal functionality. These include mitigating interference from magnetic fields and vibrations, which are critical for maintaining the precision and accuracy of the instruments used. This study aims to offer enhanced project management strategies and detailed construction solutions that address the environmental and technical needs specific to electron microscopy labs, thereby facilitating effective lab operations and extending the lifecycle of high-end precision instruments. Case studies of existing laboratory constructions, onsite investigations, and comprehensive reviews of the technical and environmental requirements provide the basis for a best practice for constructing sophisticated electron microscopy labs. The approach integrates both pre-construction planning and post-construction adjustments to create optimal operational environments. The findings suggest that successful lab constructions are those that incorporate thorough onsite assessments, strategic location choices, and the use of advanced construction materials and techniques specifically designed to counteract environmental challenges like magnetic and vibration interferences. Actionable guidelines for both planning and executing the construction of electron microscope labs highlighted in this tutorial are intended as an important resource to troubleshoot or upgrade existing lab facilities and to consult in preparation of future lab construction projects.

YBBP 500-2500 kW低振动高压高速隔爆电机设计

为了YBBP 500-2500 kW 10 kV隔爆型高压三相异步电动机能够在ExdbII CT4 Gb环境下使用,同时变频范围是25~60 Hz,电机保证转速在3500 r/min(约58.3 Hz)时功率500 kW的情况下长期运行,现通过论证电磁、结构设计要点,经试验验证此电机设计方案满足用户需求。同时还降低了2极电机振幅,转子铁心采用拉杆结构,保证了电机空载振动值在1.0 mm/s以下。

钻孔灌注桩施工对地层及既有管沟振动影响规律研究

[目的]钻孔灌注桩旋挖成孔过程中会对地下既有建构筑物造成振动影响,因此需对旋挖成孔过程中引起的地层和建构筑物振动响应进行研究。[方法]以济南地铁4号线的车站基坑开挖工程为背景,通过现场测试及基于三维有限元模型的数值模拟方法,针对振源距离、埋深、开挖深度、电力管沟不同位置、同时施工桩数等因素对旋挖施工引起的土层和电力管沟振动影响规律进行了分析。[结果及结论]距离振源越近处的土体和既有管沟受到的振动影响越大,距离振源超过6 m之后的土体和既有管沟受到的振动影响可忽略;随着埋深的增加,土体受到的振动影响呈现减小趋势;开挖深度至12 m后,对浅层埋深管沟的振动影响可忽略不计;测点与振源处于同一深度时,测点处振动影响最大;随着同时施工的两桩净距减小,振动速度峰值呈现升高趋势,当同时施工的两桩净距10 m时可忽略振动耦合效应。

Investigation on the threshold control of safety blasting vibration velocity for the extraction of complicated orebody under railway

The threshold control of safety blasting vibration velocity is a significant process for the underground mining of complicated ore deposit under construction,road,and water.According to the equivalent principle of displacement and velocity of mass point,differential evolution is put forward based on 3DEC dynamic analysis,making the calculation more efficient and accurate.The 3DEC model of the complicated orebody under railway is established according to the topographic maps and geological data of the eastern Pyrite Mine.The stimulus-response distribution of internal stress and displacement fields are demonstrated by analyzing the on-site monitoring vibration displacement and velocity data of the mass point.The reliability of parameter selection,such as blasting simulation waveforms,rock damping,is identified.The safety vibration velocity of railway is set to 4.5 cm/s in line with the requirement of safety blasting rules.Thus,the maximum amount of single-stage explosive in this region is 44.978 kg.The simulation result is in good agreement with the on-site monitoring datum.No displacement and settlement of the 701 railway special line was achieved by choosing the critical amount of the single-stage explosive.

Vibration sensitive admixture for roller compacted concrete

In order to further speed up the construction progress,shorten the rolling time and reduce the rolling times of roller compacted concrete after analyzing work of construction progress improvement measures of roller compacted concrete,research on vibration sensitive admixture is carried out and satisfactory results are acquired.The new type vibration sensitive admixture was used in the project of Jinghong hydropower station in Yunnan Province,China.The engineering experimental results show that various indexes have been verified.Meanwhile,the compactness of roller compacted concrete is improved under the same rolling times,the rolling times and the duration time can be reduced under the same compactness requirement in construction practice.

二维低频光纤布拉格光栅振动传感器的设计

本文设计了一种可在x轴和z轴方向工作的对称圆形柔性铰链式二维振动传感器,以对低频振动信号进行获取和监测。从理论上分析了传感结构的力学特性,在Comsol中建立模型进行仿真分析,并采用有限元法对结构进行优化设计,将铰链谐振频率设计为420 Hz。采用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)作为应变检测器件粘贴在铰链结构表面,利用边沿滤波器法实现FBG的动态解调,采用标准振动台对传感器性能进行测试。实验结果表明该传感器在x轴和z轴的谐振频率为420 Hz,工作频率为20~300 Hz。在平坦区的平均灵敏度为1847.32 mV/g,加速度分辨率达5.41×10^(-4)g。该传感器在所有二维方向上的横向干扰水平均小于5%。本文设计的传感器为二维振动传感器,可适用于低频振动信号的高灵敏检测。

基坑开挖对在建道路的影响及加固措施

目的 分析基坑开挖对围护结构和在建道路的影响,探究保证基坑和道路结构稳定的加固措施。方法 以杭州市某基坑与在建道路交叉施工为工程背景,进行三维有限元建模,对基坑开挖和道路振动施工全过程进行模拟。结果 在道路振动施工作用下,基坑围护结构最大水平位移为5.26 mm;基坑开挖完成后,基坑围护结构的水平变形和道路的竖向变形均较大,须采用加固措施控制围护结构和道路的变形。结论 在基坑全部卸荷后,采用斜撑和增加支撑预应力综合加固措施与未采用加固措施相比,CX20监测点的最大水平位移和道路最大沉降分别减小了28.97%和35.34%,变形控制效果显著。

“桥建合一”型高架车站实测分析及结构减振优化

针对“桥建合一”型高架车站振动舒适度问题,以某一典型“桥建合一”型高架车站为研究对象,对列车运行引起的楼板振动进行现场实测分析,并基于车桥耦合分析理论,建立高架车站精细化有限元模型,从振源、传递路径和受振体对高架车站进行结构减振优化分析。研究表明:“桥建合一”型高架车站所受车致振动影响严重,站厅层振动敏感区为跨中楼板中心;通过提升轨道梁弹性模量、适度增加层高、在站厅层区域楼板中心布置次梁以及铺设浮筑楼板的方法均可减小楼板振动响应,但单独采取某一结构减振优化措施效果较差;同时采取以上4种结构减振优化组合措施时减振效果良好,减振后楼板中心的最大Z振级为73.15dB,减振量达13.54dB,满足振动舒适度要求。

公铁合建双层盾构隧道设计关键技术

为解决公铁合建双层盾构隧道面临的总体布置、结构设计、汽车与地铁车辆联合振动以及通风排烟等技术难题,以武汉长江公铁隧道和济南黄河济泺路隧道工程实践为基础,采用方案综合比选、2.5维数值计算等方法,对公铁合建双层盾构隧道设计关键技术进行系统研究。结果表明:1)通过对隧道平面、纵断面和横断面的合理优化布置,并在废水泵房段、疏散楼梯段采取特殊布置方案,可减少公铁合建盾构隧道地下空间占用,并提高断面利用率,减小盾构隧道外径;2)采用半预制半现浇的管片+非封闭内衬结构型式,能充分发挥内部结构与管片衬砌的联合承载作用,显著减小河床冲淤作用;3)汽车与地铁联合振动作用对隧道影响较小,隧道基底饱和粉细砂地层不会发生液化;4)地铁隧道采用分段纵向烟道,可解决地铁长大区间无风井条件下的排烟难题,同时提高疏散便捷性,并大幅降低建设难度;5)公铁合建隧道在运营管理上不可避免地会出现交叉和影响,建议在管理界面划分和投资分劈上提前研究,便于决策。

三枕捣固装置激扰下有砟轨道振动传递及衰减特性试验研究

大机非稳态捣固作业是新建铁路开通运营前的必备工序,目前尚无研究涉及三枕捣固装置激扰下有砟轨道的振动传递特性。针对此不足,选取某典型新建铁路,开展捣固作业过程中有砟轨道动力响应的现场大型原位试验,并在散体道床内部不同位置埋设自制的双轴振动加速度传感器,实现道床内部振动水平演变的实时监测。采用小波分析和快速傅里叶变换方法,从时域-频域角度探究了捣固作业过程中轨枕和道床的振动传递及衰减特征,对比分析不同捣固作业次数影响下有砟轨道的吸振能力和耗能特性。研究结果表明:捣固作业过程中存在典型的振动逆向传递现象,会降低道床的承载能力及稳定性;夹持阶段轨枕的主要响应频率为68.7 Hz,约为35 Hz捣镐固定振动频率的2倍;捣固作业过程中轨枕对不同方向振动的敏感程度存在显著差异,捣镐的横向振动分量会激发道床内部更加丰富的振动响应;第三次捣固作业过程中道床的振动水平较低,道砟颗粒破碎概率最小。因此建议在不改变捣固作业时间和其他捣固作业参数的条件下现场进行多次连续捣固作业时,作业次数不宜超过3次,以保证最佳捣固效果。

基于施工全过程健康监测的装配式部分包覆钢-混凝土组合结构体系动力特性研究

为研究装配式部分包覆钢-混凝土组合结构的动力特性,基于世博文化公园双子山项目,采用全过程健康监测手段对装配式PEC结构体系施工全过程的应力、加速度进行监测,研究其阻尼比和自振频率在施工过程中的变化情况,将实测结果与有限元计算结果进行对比。结果表明:结构应力计算值、自振频率计算值等均与实测值吻合较好,验证了结构施工全过程仿真模拟计算的合理性。施工过程中PEC框架梁柱及节点后浇区的型钢及混凝土应力实际监测结果均满足强度要求。节点后浇区混凝土浇筑前后,结构自振周期和阻尼比差别较小;结构顶部覆土恒载施加完成后,结构的自振周期和阻尼比均较之前有所增大。结构设计时阻尼比取0.04,小于施工完成后的阻尼比实测值最小值0.046,阻尼比取值偏于安全,设计阻尼比取值合理。

工程车辆3-RPS座椅悬架半主动滑模控制

工程车辆处于恶劣的工作环境中,垂向单维度的被动减振无法满足实际需求。为解决该问题,依据可实现三维减振的3-RPS并联机构座椅悬架,提出一种新型三维控制策略。基于“座椅-人体”三维振动数学模型,设计一种新的三维天棚控制模型,作为滑模控制的参考对象。设计滑模控制器,并根据Lyapunov稳定判据,对控制系统的稳定性进行分析判断。利用Simulink软件建立座椅-人体受振模型,对处于E、F、G级3种路面环境中,分别采用滑模控制以及被动控制模式的座椅的减振效果进行仿真对比分析。结果表明,相较于被动控制的座椅悬架,采用三维滑模控制的座椅悬架在垂直方向上的加速度下降率在38.88%至57.06%之间;俯仰方向上的角加速度的下降率在36.00%至54.89%之间;侧倾方向上的角加速度的下降率在49.58%至59.97%之间。且可有效降低垂直方向上的加速度峰值,对于冲击载荷减振性能良好。研究成果可为半主动多维减振座椅悬架控制策略的研究提供一定参考。

城际铁路“桥建合一”车站车致振动特性及舒适度评价研究

以某城际铁路高架车站“竹料站”为背景,基于车辆-轨道-车站有限元动力仿真分析模型,对高架车站主体结构进行模态分析得到其各阶自振频率及振型特征;深入分析了列车正线到站、不同车速正线越行过站、不同车速正线会车过站工况下的高架车站车致振动特性;采用计权加速度均方根对不同行车工况下站厅层人体舒适度进行评价。

路桥工程建设中路基路面施工技术要点

路基和路面施工是决定路桥工程建设质量的两个关键环节。在路基施工中,需要从路基土方开挖、路基排水和填方压实等环节加强施工管理;在路面施工中,需要从路面材料的质量控制、路面材料的摊铺管理、路面材料的压实控制3个方面把控施工技术要点。通过树立精细化的管控理念,才能切实提高路桥工程建设质量,提高行车舒适性。

铁路流线型钢箱梁涡激振动性能与发生机理研究

涡激振动是影响铁路列车运行安全性和乘车舒适性的关键问题,也是铁路大跨桥梁抗风设计需要解决的重要问题。通过节段模型风洞试验,考虑攻角及阻尼的影响,研究铁路大跨桥梁流线型钢箱梁涡激振动性能。通过数值模拟方法分析主梁周围绕流形态,阐释铁路大跨桥梁钢箱梁的涡激振动发生机理与关键影响因素。研究结果表明,窄幅流线型钢箱梁在3°、5°风攻角,阻尼比0.30%时发生明显的竖向涡振;5°风攻角时主梁的最大无量纲振幅为3°时的2.28倍,涡振风速区间基本一致。布置无砟轨道及栏杆后主梁的竖向涡振消失,这是由于来流气流在主梁风嘴处分离,部分气流在迎风侧风嘴上斜腹板与桥面板交界处发生分离,产生的持续性旋涡的尺寸不断增大,运动至桥面背风侧并发生脱落,导致主梁发生涡激振动。无砟轨道板及栏杆使主梁背风侧旋涡的分离脱落位置远离主梁,减小对主梁的作用,优化其涡激振动性能。风嘴角度可减弱迎风侧桥面处气流的分离。研究成果可为同类铁路大跨桥梁钢箱梁抗风设计提供参考。

雄安站型钢混凝土梁水化反应施工监测分析

以雄安新区高铁站站房承轨层A区结构为工程背景,对结构在施工过程中的温度及应变的变化规律展开研究。利用振弦式应变计对结构关键位置的型钢混凝土梁在施工过程中应变和温度的变化情况进行了施工监测。介绍监测的目的意义、所用的仪器设备以及监测方案;对监测得到的应变和温度数据进行了整理和研究,揭示了其在施工过程中的变化规律,得出了水化反应中混凝土的应变和温度呈正相关的结论。