Real-Time Intelligent Diagnosis of Co-frequency Vibration Faults in Rotating Machinery Based on Lightweight-Convolutional Neural Networks

The co-frequency vibration fault is one of the common faults in the operation of rotating equipment,and realizing the real-time diagnosis of the co-frequency vibration fault is of great significance for monitoring the health state and carrying out vibration suppression of the equipment.In engineering scenarios,co-frequency vibration faults are highlighted by rotational frequency and are difficult to identify,and existing intelligent methods require more hardware conditions and are exclusively time-consuming.Therefore,Lightweight-convolutional neural networks(LW-CNN)algorithm is proposed in this paper to achieve real-time fault diagnosis.The critical parameters are discussed and verified by simulated and experimental signals for the sliding window data augmentation method.Based on LW-CNN and data augmentation,the real-time intelligent diagnosis of co-frequency is realized.Moreover,a real-time detection method of fault diagnosis algorithm is proposed for data acquisition to fault diagnosis.It is verified by experiments that the LW-CNN and sliding window methods are used with high accuracy and real-time performance.

A STUDY ON THE ENSEMBLE FORECAST REAL-TIME CORRECTION METHOD

Using real-time correction technology for typhoons, this paper discusses real-time correction for forecasting the track of four typhoons during 2009 and 2010 in Japan, Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai. It was determined that the short-time forecast effect was better than the original objective mode. By selecting four types of integration schemes after multiple mode path integration for those four objective modes, the forecast effect of the multi-mode path integration is better, on average, than any single model. Moreover, multi-mode ensemble forecasting has obvious advantages during the initial 36 h.

Restoring force correction based on online discrete tangent stiffness estimation method for real-time hybrid simulation

In real-time hybrid simulation（RTHS）, it is difficult if not impossible to completely erase the error in restoring force due to actuator response delay using existing displacement-based compensation methods. This paper proposes a new force correction method based on online discrete tangent stiffness estimation（online DTSE） to provide accurate online estimation of the instantaneous stiffness of the physical substructure. Following the discrete curve parameter recognition theory, the online DTSE method estimates the instantaneous stiffness mainly through adaptively building a fuzzy segment with the latest measurements, constructing several strict bounding lines of the segment and calculating the slope of the strict bounding lines, which significantly improves the calculation efficiency and accuracy for the instantaneous stiffness estimation. The results of both computational simulation and real-time hybrid simulation show that：（1） the online DTSE method has high calculation efficiency, of which the relatively short computation time will not interrupt RTHS; and（2） the online DTSE method provides better estimation for the instantaneous stiffness, compared with other existing estimation methods. Due to the quick and accurate estimation of instantaneous stiffness, the online DTSE method therefore provides a promising technique to correct restoring forces in RTHS.

Real-time Design Constraints in Implementing Active Vibration Control Algorithms

Although computer architectures incorporate fast processing hardware resources, high performance real-time implementation of a complex control algorithm requires an efficient design and software coding of the algorithm so as to exploit special features of the hardware and avoid associated architecture shortcomings. This paper presents an investigation into the analysis and design mechanisms that will lead to reduction in the execution time in implementing real-time control algorithms. The proposed mechanisms are exemplified by means of one algorithm, which demonstrates their applicability to real-time applications. An active vibration control （AVC） algorithm for a flexible beam system simulated using the finite difference （FD） method is considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. A comparative performance evaluation of the proposed design mechanisms is presented and discussed through a set of experiments.

Sensor placement of long-term health monitoring for large bridges based on the real-time correction of finite element model

The process of optimized placement of long-term health monitoring sensors for large bridges generally begins with finite element models, but there will arise great discrepancies between theoretically-calculated results and actual measurements.Therefore, rectified finite element models need to be rectified by virtue of model rectifying technology. Firstly, the result of construction monitoring and finished state load test is used to real-time modification of finite element model. Subsequently, an accurate finite element model is established. Secondly, the optimizing the layout of sensor with following orthogonality guarantees orthogonal property and linear independence for the measured data. Lastly, the effectiveness and feasibility of method in the paper is tested by real-time modifying finite element model and optimizing the layout of sensor for Nujiang Bridge.

Improved Multiple Feature-electrochemical Thermal Coupling Modeling of Lithium-ion Batteries at Low-temperature with Real-time Coefficient Correction

Monitoring various internal parameters plays a core role in ensuring the safety of lithium-ion batteries in power supply applications.It also influences the sustainability effect and online state of charge prediction.An improved multiple feature-electrochemical thermal coupling modeling method is proposed considering low-temperature performance degradation for the complete characteristic expression of multi-dimensional information.This is to obtain the parameter influence mechanism with a multi-variable coupling relationship.An optimized decoupled deviation strategy is constructed for accurate state of charge prediction with real-time correction of time-varying current and temperature effects.The innovative decoupling method is combined with the functional relationships of state of charge and open-circuit voltage to capture energy management ef-fectively.Then,an adaptive equivalent-prediction model is constructed using the state-space equation and iterative feedback correction,making the proposed model adaptive to fractional calculation.The maximum state of charge estimation errors of the proposed method are 4.57% and 0.223% under the Beijing bus dynamic stress test and dynamic stress test conditions,respectively.The improved multiple feature-electrochemical thermal coupling modeling realizes the effective correction of the current and temperature variations with noise influencing coefficient,and provides an efficient state of charge prediction method adaptive to complex conditions.

Analytical modelling and free vibration analysis of piezoelectric bimorphs

An efficient and accurate analytical model for piezoelectric bimorph based on the improved first-order shear deformation theory （FSDT） is developed in this work. The model combines the equivalent single-layer approach for mechanical displacements and a layerwise-type modelling of the electric potential. Particular attention is devoted to the boundary conditions on the outside faces and to the interface continuity conditions of the bimorphs for the electromechanical variables. Shear correction factor （k） is introduced to modilfy both the shear stress and the electric displacement of each layer. And the detailed mathematical derivations are presented. Free vibration problem of simply supported piezoelectric bimorphs with series or parallel arrangement is investigated for the closed circuit condition, and the results for different length-to-thickness ratios are compared with those obtained from the exact 2D solution. Excellent agreements between the present model prediction with k=-8/9 and the exact solutions are observed for the resonant frequencies.

Design on Vibration Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System of Large Water Pump Motor

Large water pump motor,whose operation decides the reliability of the whole production line,plays a very important role.Therefore,its online condition monitoring can help companies better know its operation,process fault analysis and protection.The essay mainly studies and designs large water pump motor′s real time vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis system.The essay completes the systems project design,the establishment of the system and performance test.Eddy-currentsensor,XM-120 vibration module,XM-320 axial translation module,XM-362 temperature module,XM-360 process amount module and XM-500 gateway module are used to measure the axial vibration and displacement of main motors.Laboratory tests prove that the system can meet the requirements of motor vibration monitoring.

STATIC CORRECTION MODES IN DYNAMICAL SIMULATION OF FLEXIBLE MULTIBODY SYSTEM WITH CLOSED LOOPS

By use of the recursive formulation of flexible multibody system with closed loops,this paper studies the dynamic simulation of complicated multibody system.The conception of static correction modes in structural dynamics is introduced to present the local deformation effects due to reaction forces at kinematic joints.A space four bar mechanism is utilized here as an example to describe the method of selecting static correction modes.Compared with vibration normal modes, static correction modes are demonstrated to be effective in numerical simulation.

Multi-probe linear fitting and time of arrival linear correction method to analyze blade vibration based on blade tip timing without once-per-revolution

Blade vibration monitoring can ensure the safe operation of aeroengine rotor blades.Among the methods of blade vibration monitoring,Blade Tip Timing(BTT)method has attracted more and more attention because of its advantages of non-contact measurement.However,it is difficult to install the Once-Per-Revolution(OPR)probe in the confined space of aeroengine,and the failure and instability of the OPR signal will reduce the reliability of the blade vibration analysis results,which directly affects the accuracy of the blade vibration parameters identification.The Multi-Probe linear fitting and Time of Arrival(ToA)Linear Correction method based on the BTT(MP-LC-BTT)without OPR is proposed to reduce the errors of single probe linear fitting method for blade vibration displacement analysis.The proposed method can also correct the calculation error of blade vibration displacement due to the nonlinear change of rotation speed,which can improve the analysis accuracy of the blade vibration displacement.A new blade vibration model conforming to the actual vibration characteristics is established,and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation.Finally,the reliability and accuracy of the MP-LC-BTT method have been verified by the experiments which include two high-speed blade test-benches and an industrial axial fan.This method can be used in the actual aero-engine monitoring instead of the BTT method with OPR.

Real-time measurement of high rotational projectile axial acceleration based on 2-axis acceleration sensor

The real-time measurement principle of high rotational projectile＇s angular velocity based on 2-axis acceleration sensor and the axial acceleration measurement error caused by the installation error are discussed.The 2-axis acceleration sensor is applied to measure the high rotational projectile＇s angular velocity and the measurement value of axial acceleration,the axial acceleration of the high rotational projectile equals the measurement value of axial acceleration subtracting the centrifugal acceleration component,so that the high-accuracy real-time measurement of axial acceleration is realized.The memory test has confirmed the strike tally of the theoretical analysis and the test result.The measurement technique can satisfy the high-accuracy measurement of the high rotational projectile axial acceleration in the self-determination course correction fuze projectile.

Performance analysis of real-time and post-mission kinematic precise point positioning in marine environments

This article focuses on the performance analysis of both real-time and post-mission kinematic precise point positioning(PPP)in challenging marine environments.For this purpose,a real dynamic experiment lasting 6 h was carried out on a lake dam in?orum City of Turkey.While the kinematic test was continuing,the real-time PPP coordinates were obtained for each measurement epoch with a commercial real-time PPP(RT-PPP)service,namely the Trimble Center Point RTX.Then the post-mission PPP(PM-PPP)coordinates were calculated by using Multi-GNSS data and the Multi-GNSS Experiment(MGEX)precise products.The kinematic RT-PPP and PM-PPP results showed that the PPP coordinates were consistent with the relative solution at centimetre and decimetre level in horizontal and height components,respectively.This study implies that PPP technique is a powerful tool for highly accurate positioning in both real-time and post-mission modes,even for dynamic applications in harsh environments.

Measuring Vibration of Body with Speckle Interferometry

Speckle interferometry is an efficient method to analyze a vibration. In certain conditions, this technique has some outstanding advantage, and need not strict shock--proof condition, compared with the holographic method for measuring vibration. Therefore,it is suitable to analyze a vibration with a large amplitude.Real-time interferometry is a rapid and simple method for measuring vibration of a body, gives speckle pattern containing amplitude distribution of body-surface. By means of time-averaged method, the speckle pattern is recorded in Fourier transform plane, or vibration lines are seen directly with eyes, so as to analyze efficiently amplitude, phase, and model of a vibration. This paper deduces the intensity distribution function with real-time method, and gives experimental demonstration of vibration body-the vibration lines with different frequencies.

表面应力敏感膜传感图像的振动校正算法

表面应力敏感膜传感系统在风洞中的不稳定振动给测量结果带来较大的误差,提出了一种自标定方法对表面应力敏感膜传感图像进行振动校正,消除不稳定平台振动的影响,减少测量误差。首先通过原始传感图像的互相关获得包含振动和有效信息的初始位移,然后通过大津阈值法和形态学获得参考区掩码,最后使用透视变换原理和最小二乘法还原整个振动平面并进行振动校正。方法将敏感膜传感图像的子区作为特征点参与计算,实现了振动的自标定校正,能使传感系统在不稳定平台也能进行高精度测量。通过高速列车实验验证了该方法的有效性和实用性,结果显示该方法相比其它传统方法精度更高,鲁棒性更好,产生了良好时空分辨率图像,在50m/s的来流中,将振动平均误差降低了98%。

振动频率法测试具有橡胶阻尼器的斜拉索索力的修正方法

振动频率法是用于测试斜拉桥拉索索力的常用方法,斜拉桥为减弱振动引起的拉索疲劳损伤。通常在斜拉索两端安装阻尼器,这会改变索的结构和振动频率,从而导致在用振动频率法测试拉索索力值时会产生较大误差,难以满足桥梁施工和维护对精确度的要求。因此,减小索力测量的误差对实际工程具有重要意义。该研究将橡胶阻尼器简化为弹性支撑,基于变截面拉压杆模型推导了弹性支撑的等效刚度系数;基于具有两个弹性支撑的拉索横向自由振动微分方程,结合边界条件求解索力,给出了考虑橡胶阻尼器影响的振动频率测索力的修正方法;结合虚拟算例对该研究结果的精确度进行分析,并在工程中应用。

基于非纤维方向应力疲劳模型的复合材料层合板振动寿命预测

复合材料结构在服役过程中会受到外部载荷激励影响而产生随机振动,由于铺层角度的多样性使其寿命预测方法尚不明确。为确保复合材料结构安全服役,需探明复合材料不同铺层角度的振动疲劳寿命预测方法。本文提出一种基于非纤维方向S-N曲线的预测方式,考虑了复合材料的各向异性和多轴应力状态,以Tsai-Wu准则为基础,结合频域法对[0/90]s铺层的复合材料层合板进行了振动疲劳寿命预测。结果表明,非纤维方向S-N曲线能够较为准确地预测复合材料层合板的寿命,且Zhao-Baker概率密度函数模型的准确性最高。

平臂式塔式起重机自振周期计算方法研究

塔式起重机的自振周期是其基本属性,关乎风振动力系数的选取,影响风载荷及其对塔身偏移的计算。文章以永茂5513型塔帽式和中天6513型平头式塔式起重机为例,简化塔身的刚度简化,将塔式起重机简化为单自由度模型,推导了自振周期简化公式,对比分析了现场测试和有限元模拟结果,验证了该公式的可行性,并引入考虑塔机质量分布影响的修正系数,修正了其简化公式。结果表明:塔式起重机自振周期简化公式计算结果与现场实测自振周期吻合较好,在粗略计算塔式起重机自振周期时可以使用该简化计算公式。根据有限元模拟结果,给出了塔式起重机自振周期简化公式的修正公式,并给出了塔帽式、平头式塔式两种起重机修正系数的推荐值及线性内插公式。

基于HFFB试验高耸结构风荷载谱高度修正系数及风振分析

分段估计法作为一种重要的非线性振型结构高频天平(high-frequency force balance,HFFB)试验模态力计算方法,可以对结构脉动风荷载的空间分布进行估计。该文章抛弃了分段估计法中无量纲风荷载谱沿高度不变的假定,提出了一种可以考虑荷载谱沿高度变化的方法。以Kaimal脉动风谱为例提出并推导了无量纲风荷载谱沿高度变化的修正系数,并以某真型输电塔架为算例,结合HFFB试验,分析了修正系数对结构响应计算的影响。研究结果表明,修正前后位移响应的背景分量计算值差异很小,但共振分量差别明显,偏差幅度达25%。对柔度较大的高耸结构,其共振分量在总响应中占比较高,需考虑荷载谱沿高度的变化;对于沿高度减小或增大的风速谱而言,现有荷载谱沿高度不变的分段估计法将高估或低估结构的位移响应。本文方法具有更高精度和更广的适用性。

2.4 m连续式跨声速风洞大飞机精细化测力试验技术

为满足大飞机研制对风洞测力试验数据精准度的需求,并适应2.4 m连续式跨声速风洞运行特点,中国航空工业空气动力研究院成功研发了多项精细化的测力试验技术。这些技术中,低热膨胀系数高强度天平和天平温度效应补偿与修正技术有效地减小了温度变化对天平数据的影响;角度传感器和视频相结合的直接测量方法与改进后的角度叠加测量方法,均提高了模型姿态角的测量精度;基于线性回归的天平初始载荷计算方法可以一次性获得各种试验状态下的天平初始载荷,并提高气动载荷计算的准确性;基于前后置减振器的主动振动抑制技术能降低模型振动对测量数据的干扰并拓宽迎角范围;弹性变形视频测量与CFD修正技术可以有效分离高雷诺数试验结果中的弹性变形对气动力的影响量。本文对这些试验技术的原理进行了详细介绍,并给出案例证明这些试验技术能够有效提高测力试验的精准度;与ETW风洞的对比试验显示,大展弦比民机模型的升力系数偏差约0.002,阻力系数偏差约0.000 2。

基于实测的地铁振动距离衰减预测参数修正方法

根据HJ 453—2018《环境影响评价技术导则城市轨道交通》,为提升振动环境影响评价的科学性,以西安地铁4号线为例,获得其由地铁运行产生的振动源强和振动环境影响实测值。在已运营地铁线路的区间隧道和地面布设监测点位,根据经验公式对地铁运营产生的振动环境影响进行预测。基于振动环境影响实测值与预测值的对比分析结果,通过回归分析获得地铁振动环境距离衰减预测的相关参数。研究结果表明:当地质条件为冲积、洪积平原区的冲积地层,线路条件为直线段整体道床与圆型隧道断面,列车类型为6节编组B型车,列车运行速度为65 km/h的工况条件下,振动源强为78.8 dB,环境振动影响实测值比预测值小约0.8~4.9 dB;距外轨中心线5~10 m范围内,振动环境影响实测衰减值比预测衰减值大约4.3 dB;由回归分析法获得的地铁振动距离衰减预测参数a=-6.458、b=-0.074、c=4.410。