Suppressing Effects of Ag Wetting Layer on Surface Conduction of Er Silicide/Si(001) Nanocontacts

Current-voltage electrical characteristics of Er silicide/Si（001） nanocontacts are measured in situ in a scanning tunneling microscopy system. Introduced as a new technique to suppress surface leakage conduction on Si（001）,a silver wetting layer is evaporated onto the substrate surface kept at room temperature with Er Si2 nanoislands already existing. The effects of the silver layer on the current-voltage characteristics of nanocontacts are discussed.Our experimental results reveal that the silver layer at coverage of 0.4–0.7 monolayer can suppress effectively the current contribution from the surface conduction path. After the surface leakage path of nanocontacts is obstructed, the ideality factor and the Schottky barrier height are determined using the thermionic emission theory, about 2 and 0.5 eV, respectively. The approach adopted here could shed light on the intrinsic transport properties of metal-semiconductor nanocontacts.

Study on the Built-up Effect of Inorganic Compounds to Flame Retardant Containing Organophosphorus in Suppression of Smoke

The built-up effect of inorganic compounds containing more active metal ions, such as Ca^2＋ , Al^3＋ , Cu^2＋ , and Zn^2＋ , as additives adding to phosphorus-containing flame retarding systems in suppression of smoke was studied. The data presented herein suggested that the amount of smoke in the burning process can be better suppressed after the cotton fabric finishing with built-up system was burnt. Some general principles were identified, and the likely causes of the observed effects were analyzed according to test data.

Suppressive effect of dexamethasone on the neutrophil expression of CD18 in rats with radiation induced brain edema

BACKGROUND： Stereo-tactic radiation therapy （SRT） is widely used to treat intracranial diseases, but some patients suffered from radiation induced brain edema after SRT. Once radiation induced brain edema occurs, the treatment is quite difficult, and it always leads to a poor outcome. Dexamethasone has certain therapeutic effect on traumatic brain edema, but the biological mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE ： To observe the effect of dexamethasone on the neutrophil expression of CD18.DESIGN ： A randomized control observation.SETTING： Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS ： The experiment was carried out in Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from January 1999 to December 1999. Twenty SD rats （male and female each in half） weighing （250±50） g were used. METHODS： Twenty SD rats were divided into four groups at random. ① Blank control group （n=5）： The rats were not treated without dexamethasone or irradiation;② Irradiation group （n=5）： The rats were given irradiation but no dexamethasone treatment; ③ Irradiation＋1 mg/kg dexamethasone group （n=5）; The rats were treated with irradiation and dexamethasone of 1 mg/kg; ④Irradiation＋5 mg/kg dexamethasone group （n=5）： The rats were treated with irradiation and dexamethasone of 5 mg/kg. The heads of the rats were irradiated with 10 MeV X-ray （30 Gy）, and brain tissue was removed after 2 weeks to observe the pathological changes. Blood samples were taken from the carotid artery, gradient centrifugation was used, and neutrophile layer was obtained, the level of neutrophile expression of CD18 mRNA and quantity of membrane proteins in blood were detected with Northern blot and flow cytometry respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Blood cell count; ② Pathological results; ③ level of neutrophile expression of CD18 mRNA and quantity of membrane proteins. RESULTS ： All the 20 SD rats were involved in the analysis of results without deletion. At 2 weeks after irradiation, obvious cell injury could be observed under light microscope. The level of neutrophile expression of CD18 mRNA and quantity of membrane proteins in blood were obviously increased, but the severity of cell injury was relieved in the irradiation＋1 and 5 mg/kg dexamethasone groups, and the CD18 expression was markedly suppressed （P 〈 0.05）, and the suppression was more obvious in the irradiation＋5 mg/kg dexamethasone group than in the irradiation＋1 mg/kg dexamethasone group （P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： Dexamethasone can reduce the radiation induced brain edema by inhibiting the expression of CD18.

Wind-Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Deepwater Jacket Pipe and Vibration Suppression Using a Nonlinear Energy Sink

The purpose of this study is to investigate the suppression effect of a nonlinear energy sink(NES)on the wind-vortex-induced pipe vibration and explore the influence of damping,stiffness,and NES installation position on the suppression effect.In this work,the wind-vortex-induced vibration of an elastic pipe of a deepwater jacket was studied,and vibrations were suppressed by using an NES.A van der Pol wake oscillator was used to simulate vortex-induced force,and the dynamic equation of the pipe considering the NES was established.The Galerkin method was applied to discretize the motion equation,and the vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of the pipe at reduced wind speeds was numerically analyzed.The novelty of this research is that particle swarm optimization was used to optimize the parameters of the NES to improve vibration suppression.The influence of the installation position,nonlinear stiffness,and damping parameters of the NES on vibration suppression was analyzed.Results showed that the optimized parameter combinations of the NES can effectively reduce wind-vortex-induced pipe vibration.The installation position of the NES had a significant effect on vibration suppression,and the midpoint of the pipe was the optimal NES installation position.An increase in stiffness or a 10% decrease in damping may cause vibration suppression failure.The results of this study provide some guidance for VIV suppression in deepwater jacket pipes.

Variance Inflation Factor: As a Condition for the Inclusion of Suppressor Variable(s) in Regression Analysis

Suppression effect in multiple regression analysis may be more common in research than what is currently recognized. We have reviewed several literatures of interest which treats the concept and types of suppressor variables. Also, we have highlighted systematic ways to identify suppression effect in multiple regressions using statistics such as: R2, sum of squares, regression weight and comparing zero-order correlations with Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) respectively. We also establish that suppression effect is a function of multicollinearity;however, a suppressor variable should only be allowed in a regression analysis if its VIF is less than five (5).

Local inhibition of GABA affects precedence effect in the inferior colliculus

The precedence effect is a prerequisite for faithful sound localization in a complex auditory environment, and is a physiological phenomenon in which the auditory system selectively suppresses the directional information from echoes. Here we investigated how neurons in the inferior colliculus respond to the paired sounds that produce precedence-effect illusions, and whether their firing behavior can be modulated through inhibition with gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA）. We recorded extracellularly from 36 neurons in rat inferior colliculus under three conditions： no injection, injection with saline, and injection with gamma-aminobutyric acid. The paired sounds that produced precedence effects were two identical 4-ms noise bursts, which were delivered contralaterally or ipsilaterally to the recording site. The normalized neural responses were measured as a function of different inter-stimulus delays and half-maximal interstimulus delays were acquired. Neuronal responses to the lagging sounds were weak when the inter-stimulus delay was short, but increased gradually as the delay was lengthened. Saline injection produced no changes in neural responses, but after local gamma-arninobutyric acid application, responses to the lagging stimulus were suppressed. Application of gamma-aminobutyric acid affected the normalized response to lagging sounds, independently of whether they or the paired sounds were contralateral or ipsilateral to the recording site. These observations suggest that local inhibition by gamma-aminobutyric acid in the rat inferior colliculus shapes the neural responses to lagging sounds, and modulates the precedence effect.

Inhibiting effect of tungstic compounds on glucose hydrogenation over Ru/C catalyst

The effect of acid component including various conventional acids and tungstic compounds on glucose hydrogenation over a series of binary catalyst system containing Ru/C catalyst was investigated. The results showed that HC1, H2SO4, H3BO3, H3PO4, and HNO3 had negligible effect, while all the tungstic compounds imposed inhibiting effects on the hydrogenation of glucose over Ru/C catalyst, and the suppressing effect followed the order of H2WO4〉HPW〉WO3〉AMT〉HSiW. This order is the same as the order of ethylene glycol （EG） yields in the one-pot conversion of glucose to EG, suggesting the important role of competition between glucose hydrogenation and retro-aldol condensation in controlling the selectivity of EG.

Combined effects of obstacle and fine water mist on gas explosion characteristics

Combined effects of obstacles and fine water mist on a methane-air explosion of a semi-closed pipe were investigated experimentally.In this study,the diameter of the water mist,the location,and the number of obstacles was considered.The results demonstrated that 5 μm water mist present a significant suppression affected while 45 μm shows a slight promotion effected on a gas explosion of the condition without obstacles.In the presence of an obstacle,however,the inhibitory effect of 5 μm water veils of mist dropped significantly during flame propagation,and the effect of 45 μm water veils of mist changed from the enhancement of inhibition,and its inhibitory effect was significant.The inhibitory effect of 45 μm water veils of mist on gas explosion weakened firstly and then enhanced with the increasing distance between obstacle location from the ignition location as well as in several obstacles.

Built-up Effect of Core Material for Microencapsulated Flame Retardant Containing Dimethyl Methyl Phosphate

The flame retardants containing organophosphorus compounds have extensively been used in the flame retarding of polymer materials. Among others, dimethyl methyl phosphate (DMMP) was applied in flame retarding of polyurethane owing to its so much merit. However, the water-soluble property of DMMP restricted its application in textile fabric. The flame retarding system containing DMMP will be microencapsulated to form a novel flame retardant that could be used in textiles. We have studied the built–up effect of DMMP with some inorganic compounds to improve the afterflame and afterglow suppression in the flame retarding system. The experimental data indicated that inorganic compounds containing various non-metal elements P, N, B and metal ions Mg2+, Al3+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn4+ could be applied in flame retarding systems as additives to effectively suppress afterflame or afterglow.

Suppression of transmembrane sodium currents on the freshly isolated hippocampal neuron cell with continuous infrared light

Physiotherapeutic effects of infrared lasers have been proved in clinic.These infrared-based regulations of the bioelectrical activities can roughly be classied into enhancement and suppression of action potential(AP),which are described by sodium(Na)and potassium(K)transmembrane current equations,named as Hodgkin and Huxley(HH)-model.The enhancement effect is able to evoke or strengthen the AP when infrared light is applied.Its corresponding mechanism is commonly ascribed to the changes of the cell membrane capacitance,which is transiently increased in response to the infrared radiation.The distinctive feature of the suppression effect is to inhibit or reduce the AP by the designed protocols of infrared radiation.However,its mechanism presents more complexity than that in enhancement cases.HH-model describes how the Na current determines the initial phase of AP.So,the enhancement and suppression of AP can be also ascribed to the regulations of the corresponding Na currents.Here,a continuous infrared light at the wavelength of 980 nm(CIS-980)was employed to stimulate a freshly isolated hippocampal neuron in vitro and a suppression effect on the Na currents of the neuron cell was observed.Both Na and K currents,which are named as whole cell currents,were simultaneously recorded with the cell membrane capacitance current by using a patch clamp combined with infrared irradiation.The results demonstrated that the CIS-980 was able to reversibly increase the capacitance currents,completely suppressed Na currents,but little changed K currents,which forms the steady outward whole cell currents and plays a major role on the AP repolarization.A conrmation experiment was designed and carried out by synchronizing tens of milliseconds of infrared stimulation on the same kinds of hippocampal neuron cells.After the blocked K channel,a reduction of Na current amplitude was still recorded.This proved that infrared suppression of Na current was irrelevant to K channel.A membrane capacitance mediation process was preliminarily proposed to explain the Na channel suppression process.

Effect of oxygen on regulation of properties of moderately boron-doped diamond films

Regulation of oxygen on properties of moderately boron-doped diamond films is fully investigated.Results show that,with adding a small amount of oxygen(oxygen-to-carbon ratio<5.0%),the crystal quality of diamond is improved,and a suppression effect of residual nitrogen is observed.With increasing ratio of O/C from 2.5%to 20.0%,the hole concentration is firstly increased then reduced.This change of hole concentration is also explained.Moreover,the results of Hall effect measurement with temperatures from 300 K to 825 K show that,with adding a small amount of oxygen,boron and oxygen complex structures(especially B_(3)O and B_(4)O)are formed and exhibit as shallow donor in diamond,which results in increase of donor concentration.With further increase of ratio of O/C,the inhibitory behaviors of oxygen on boron leads to decrease of acceptor concentration(the optical emission spectroscopy has shown that it is decreased with ratio of O/C more than 10.0%).This work demonstrates that oxygen-doping induced increasement of the crystalline and surface quality could be restored by the co-doping with oxygen.The technique could achieve boron-doped diamond films with both high quality and acceptable hole concentration,which is applicable to electronic level of usage.

抑烟沥青复掺配比优化及抑烟效果评价

为抑制沥青在高温下烟气的产生,降低环境污染及对作业人员健康的影响程度,本文进行了抑烟沥青复掺配比优化研究。基于单掺抑烟沥青的针入度、延度及软化点及自制沥青烟生成富集装置的沥青产烟结果,结合熵权法与遗传算法进行抑烟沥青复掺配比优化,并分析优化复掺抑烟剂在沥青中的分散均匀性、储存稳定性及其对沥青特征官能团的影响;基于优化复掺配比的抑烟沥青高、中、低温性能测试,并对其抑烟效果进行评价,验证优化复掺配比方法的有效性。研究表明:抑烟剂均匀分散于沥青中,且未对沥青特征官能团产生改变,优化复掺抑烟沥青满足储存稳定性要求。优化复掺抑烟剂对沥青高、低温性能具有改善作用,并提升了沥青中温抗疲劳性能。沥青烟收集前后滤管颜色变化表明该沥青烟富集方式具有较高的可靠性,且优化复掺抑烟沥青具有显著抑烟效果,最大抑烟率为99.7%。优化复掺配比下的指标预测值与实测值差异较小,证明了该优化复掺配比方法的可靠性。

一次冰雹云发展的雷达回波特征分析及其防雹作业效果物理检验

利用云南昭通CC雷达和威宁探空等资料,对贵州省威宁县2017年7月23日的一次冰雹云发展过程的雷达基本反射率因子和径向速度的变化特征进行分析,同时通过插值得到剖面变化特征,研究雹云垂直结构演变,并根据雷达回波顶高、强回波中心(45 dBZ)高度、组合反射率和垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)这4个雷达探测特征物理量,进行时间序列分析,得到防雹作业效果。结果表明:(1)降雹前对流单体的合并使回波强度和VIL分别跃增至60 dBZ和50 kg·m^(-2)以上,冰雹云的雷达回波出现旁瓣回波和“V”形缺口。(2)中低层气流的径向辐合及高层强辐散带来的强烈抽吸作用所产生的上升气流,使雹云能够稳定维持和发展。(3)防雹作业后,雹云开始由上至下分裂直至完全分裂成两个孤立弱单体,回波顶高明显降低,组合反射率较峰值下降近30 dBZ。(4)在作业单元和对比单元的生命史时间内,作业单元的4个雷达探测特征物理量下降速率均大于对比单元的,表明防雹作业有效抑制了雹云的发展。通过对比分析发现,防雹作业24 min后,4个雷达探测特征物理量的双比值均小于1,进一步证明防雹作业取得了明显的正效果,加速了对流单体的消亡。

基于四象限探测器的光束稳定系统有效带宽测试(特邀)

详细探讨了一种基于四象限探测器的光束稳定系统的带宽测试。文章首先介绍了光束稳定系统的工作原理、重要性以及主要应用场景。随后,对光束倾角传感器,尤其是四象限探测器的工作原理、优势以及在光束稳定系统中的应用进行了详细的阐述。接着,文章详细介绍了光束稳定系统的组成、工作原理及其在实际应用中的重要性。在系统测试部分,详细描述了测试环境、方法以及测试结果。测试结果显示,基于四象限探测器的光束稳定系统,X轴有效抑制带宽为138.35 Hz,Y轴有效抑制带宽为131.96 Hz。最后,对测试结果进行了总结,并提出了未来工作的展望。

天线引向器阵列的准周期布局优化方法

准周期电磁金属阵列已被成功应用于机载旋罩天线等多种类型的电子器件中,用以提升电磁辐射性能。与周期阵列相比,准周期阵列不再受到周期性的限制,其设计自由度大幅增加,但也导致布局形式的描述参数规模更大且相互独立。同时,在准周期阵列的布局优化中,各个阵元间存在非规律耦合效应,耦合效应随着布局形式的变化而发生变化,该非规律变耦合效应需要在布局优化的迭代过程中严格考虑,以实现性能的精准设计。提出一种基于阵元几何移动、考虑变耦合效应的准周期电磁金属阵列布局优化方法,并将其用于求解天线引向器阵列的准周期布局。数值算例表明,通过引向器阵列中各个阵元尺寸和布置位置的协同优化,能够实现天线辐射波束性能的提升。

谐振式光学陀螺噪声抑制技术研究现状(特邀)

谐振式光学陀螺仪利用光学谐振腔在时空上对光波极强的局域增强效应,有望成为兼具高精度和小体积的光学陀螺。然而,谐振式陀螺转动产生的Sagnac效应相对微弱,容易受到陀螺系统内非互易性以及互易性噪声的干扰,成为其精度提升的瓶颈。在陀螺的小型化过程中这一问题更加凸显。因此,对谐振式光学陀螺仪进行噪声抑制显得尤为重要。本文详细综述了谐振式光学陀螺中非互易性和互易性两大类噪声的原理及其抑制方法,总结了该领域近来年的研究现状及未来挑战与发展趋势,为我国谐振式光学陀螺发展提供参考。

厚/薄铺层混杂复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤及冲击后压缩特性研究

相对于传统厚铺层碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料,薄铺层复合材料具有明显的损伤抑制效应,在诸多力学性能方面表现更为优异。基于准各项同性厚铺层层合板,采用“离散”与“聚集”2种薄层嵌入厚层的方式衍生出的2种厚/薄层混杂层合板,研究低能量冲击载荷作用下的复合材料结构的损伤程度和分布特征以及冲击后的剩余压缩性能。实验获取了冲击与准静态压缩实验过程的力学响应;超声C扫与热揭层实验揭示了3类含冲击损伤复合材料层合板的分层损伤形貌特征,量化了损伤尺寸大小。实验结果分析表明:薄层的“离散”与“聚集”2种嵌入厚层的方式,充分利用了薄铺层复合材料的损伤抑制效应,改变了复合材料结构分层损伤的中心对称分布特征与特征分层损伤沿厚度方向分布位置,改善了复合材料层合板的剩余压缩性能。

煤层注射成胶型抑尘剂影响因素及抑尘效果研究

为解决煤层注水降抑尘技术中水分易流失,开采时注水抑尘效果较差等问题,提出一种既能增加煤层保水率又能改善煤层脆性的抑尘方法:研制出以海藻酸钠(SA)为基质的成胶型抑尘剂,并开展比表面积试验、氮气吸附试验、扫描电镜试验和产尘率试验,研究表面活性剂、黏度及注射压力对成胶型抑尘剂的影响。结果表明:表面活性剂有利于煤层润湿,但对抑尘效果影响较小;抑尘剂黏度增大有利于保水,可使保水时间由10 h提升至30 h,但会导致材料难以进入煤层内部;注射压力对于抑尘剂的抑尘效果具有较大影响,当煤层注射压力较小时,抑尘剂难以快速渗入煤的内部孔隙中,随着压力的增大,抑尘剂逐渐渗入煤孔隙中。当注射压力升至3 MPa后,抑尘效果不再随压力的增加而增加,产尘率由4%降低至2.3%,相对降幅达50%,有效降低了产尘。

基于部分模型辅助LADRC的电磁轴承-飞轮转子系统振动抑制

针对电磁轴承支承的飞轮转子系统振动抑制问题,提出了一种部分模型辅助线性自抗扰控制方法,建立考虑陀螺效应和不平衡力的刚性飞轮转子系统径向四自由度二阶数学模型,将各自由度二阶模型中的本自由度项作为已知信息辅助线性扩张状态观测器的设计,其他自由度项和不平衡力作为外界扰动,并设计线性状态误差反馈控制律对总扰动进行实时补偿。仿真结果表明,所提方法能以更低的观测器带宽达到与线性自抗扰控制相同的控制性能,并实现飞轮转子径向4个自由度之间的有效解耦,比分散PID控制具有更好的动态性能和抗干扰能力,可实现转子全转速范围内振动的有效抑制。

情绪调节自我效能感在ICU护士叙事能力与反刍性沉思的中介效应分析

目的探讨情绪调节自我效能感在ICU护士叙事能力对反刍性沉思影响机制中的中介作用。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2022年6—9月广东省34所三级甲等医院和7所二级甲等医院的472名ICU护士,采用一般资料问卷、事件相关性反刍性沉思量表、医学叙事能力量表和情绪调节自我效能感问卷对其进行调查,采用SPSS 25.0检验中介效应。结果本组ICU护士叙事能力总分为143.00(130.25,155.00)分,反刍性沉思总分为25.00(20.00,36.00)分,情绪调节自我效能感总分为45.00(39.00,48.00)分。叙事能力与侵入性反刍性沉思呈负相关(rs=-0.121,P<0.01);叙事能力与情绪调节自我效能感呈正相关(rs=0.490,P<0.001);叙事能力可正向预测情绪调节自我效能感(β=0.186,P<0.001);情绪调节自我效能感可负向预测反刍性沉思(β=-0.423,P<0.001);情绪调节自我效能感在叙事能力与反刍性沉思之间起遮掩作用,间接效应值为-0.079,占直接效应的85.9%。结论叙事能力对反刍性沉思有直接预测作用,情绪调节自我效能感在叙事能力和反刍性沉思之间发挥遮掩效应。建议护理管理者加强培养ICU护士的叙事能力,提高情绪调节自我效能感,减少压力事件带来的负性反刍。