It is well established that Nash equilibrium exists within the framework of mixed strategies in strategic-form non-cooperative games. However, finding the Nash equilibrium generally belongs to the class of problems kn...It is well established that Nash equilibrium exists within the framework of mixed strategies in strategic-form non-cooperative games. However, finding the Nash equilibrium generally belongs to the class of problems known as PPAD (Polynomial Parity Argument on Directed graphs), for which no polynomial-time solution methods are known, even for two-player games. This paper demonstrates that in fixed-sum two-player games (including zero-sum games), the Nash equilibrium forms a convex set, and has a unique expected payoff. Furthermore, these equilibria are Pareto optimal. Additionally, it is shown that the Nash equilibrium of fixed-sum two-player games can theoretically be found in polynomial time using the principal-dual interior point method, a solution method of linear programming.展开更多
The novel Ready Player One shows Ernest Cline’s ability of space construction,and demonstrates charm and artistic value of the virtual fantasy space it depicts.It is a science fiction with perfect combination of ideo...The novel Ready Player One shows Ernest Cline’s ability of space construction,and demonstrates charm and artistic value of the virtual fantasy space it depicts.It is a science fiction with perfect combination of ideological content and artistic form.This thesis aims to discuss the Ernest Cline’s construction of the virtual pace and the real space in Ready Player One and the function of their construction.In real space,the environment is awful and dilapidated,and people’s lives are depressed.While in the virtual space,the world is colorful and people have varied ways of entertainment to fulfill their mind.This Thesis summarizes the effects brought by both the real space and virtual space for Ready Player One.With such a strong contrast,the conflict between the two spaces promotes the narrative process and also highlights the theme of the novel.展开更多
文摘It is well established that Nash equilibrium exists within the framework of mixed strategies in strategic-form non-cooperative games. However, finding the Nash equilibrium generally belongs to the class of problems known as PPAD (Polynomial Parity Argument on Directed graphs), for which no polynomial-time solution methods are known, even for two-player games. This paper demonstrates that in fixed-sum two-player games (including zero-sum games), the Nash equilibrium forms a convex set, and has a unique expected payoff. Furthermore, these equilibria are Pareto optimal. Additionally, it is shown that the Nash equilibrium of fixed-sum two-player games can theoretically be found in polynomial time using the principal-dual interior point method, a solution method of linear programming.
文摘The novel Ready Player One shows Ernest Cline’s ability of space construction,and demonstrates charm and artistic value of the virtual fantasy space it depicts.It is a science fiction with perfect combination of ideological content and artistic form.This thesis aims to discuss the Ernest Cline’s construction of the virtual pace and the real space in Ready Player One and the function of their construction.In real space,the environment is awful and dilapidated,and people’s lives are depressed.While in the virtual space,the world is colorful and people have varied ways of entertainment to fulfill their mind.This Thesis summarizes the effects brought by both the real space and virtual space for Ready Player One.With such a strong contrast,the conflict between the two spaces promotes the narrative process and also highlights the theme of the novel.
