The Construction and Characteristics of the Theoretical System of Xi Jinping’s View of History

Xi’s historical view is a scientific theoretical system with a tight logical structure.The construction of this theoretical system follows the principles and methods of the construction of Marxist theoretical system.The theoretical features of Xi’s view of history are unity of theory and practice,unity of politics and science,unity of universality and nationality,unity of collective wisdom and individual wisdom,unity of dialectical thinking and historical thinking,and unity of history,reality,and future.

Historical Research on Rights in the Eyes of Young Marx

Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted successively in his research.By reading works such as History of France in the Revolutionary Era and History of the French Revolutionary Parliament,Marx was able to examine the original intentions of the legislators in the period of the French Revolution.This short-term examination was the most intuitive and logical approach to studying the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,in which Marx focused on the research of the period of the French National Convention and its idea on property rights.The enigmatic political-legal facts that emerged in 1793 during the French Revolution,along with other incidents,presented an opportunity for Marx to turn to long-term rights surveys.In this context,Marx gradually shifted his attention from the legislators who were the shining protagonists of the“grand political historical drama”to the underlying forces that worked behind them,and in doing so understood how the two major achievements of the French Revolution provided an explanation for the historicity of the phenomenon of rights.Marx’s longterm rights surveys from the perspective of historical materialism were directly inspired by the Kreuznach Notes as well as famous scholars including Francois Guizot,Augustin Thierry,and Henri Saint-Simon.

The Centenary of the CPC: Leading the Times by Grasping the Laws and Trends of Historical Development

Discussions on grasping the laws and trends of historical development take a fundamental theoretical position in the scientific system of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.Xi Jinping’s important statements have systematically answered such questions as what type of laws and trends of historical development should be followed,how did the Party follow the laws and trends of historical development in its centennial history,and how should the laws and trends of historical development be followed in a new era.The birth of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the victory of China’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and the unveiling of a new era for reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics are all the results of grasping the laws and trends of historical development.Over the past century,the Party has followed the laws and trends of historical development and continuously advanced the sinicization of Marxism on the basis of adhering to the unification between truth and values.In pursuit of“putting people first,”the Party has courageously been reforming itself and made relentless progress in the great endeavor of Party building.History shows that a keen appreciation of the laws and trends of historical development is an important sign of political maturity for a proletarian party.Only by applying Marxism according to current times and conditions will we keep abreast with the laws and trends of historical development.We should establish a broader concept of history and identify the laws and trends of historical development from the interactions and linkages between China and the rest of the world.We must recognize and promote the outstanding role of great leaders in steering the country in line with the laws and trends of historical development.

Discussion on the Integration of Musical Elements into the Classroom Teaching of“The Outline of Chinese Modern and Contemporary History”

The modern and contemporary history of China is the history of exploration,struggle,entrepreneurship,and development of the“Chinese Dream”for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation by people of all ethnic groups.It contains rich cultural heritage,ideological nutrition and spiritual treasures.These main melody spirits are reflected in the fine arts programs of the mainstream media.They are valuable resources for colleges and universities to innovate the“Outline of Modern and Contemporary History of China”education and teaching,and are worthy of effective development and use by teachers.Teachers should introduce music elements into the classroom in accordance with the time sequence of historical development,and make full use of mainstream media’s excellent programs,taking the hard work and tortuous exploration of Chinese people for nearly 200 years as the context,the history of art and the art of history comprehensively show the great creation of the Chinese people,and answer“Four Choices”and“Four Self-confidences”in a pleasant way.

Importance of communication in medical practice and medical education:An emphasis on empathy and attitudes and their possible influences

BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals need to be prepared to promote healthy lifestyles and care for patients.By focusing on what students should be able to perform one day as clinicians,we can bridge the gap between mere theoretical knowledge and its practical application.Gender aspects in clinical medicine also have to be considered when speaking of personalized medicine and learning curricula.AIM To determine sets of intellectual,personal,social,and emotional abilities that comprise core qualifications in medicine for performing well in anamnesis-taking,in order to identify training needs.METHODS An analysis of training clinicians’conceptions with respect to optimal medical history taking was performed.The chosen study design also aimed to assess gender effects.Structured interviews with supervising clinicians were carried out in a descriptive study at the Medical University of Vienna.Results were analyzed by conducting a qualitative computer-assisted content analysis of the interviews.Inductive category formation was applied.The main questions posed to the supervisors dealt with(1)Observed competencies of students in medical history taking;and(2)The supervisor’s own conceptions of"ideal medical history taking".RESULTS A total of 33 training clinicians(n=33),engaged in supervising medical students according to the MedUni Vienna’s curriculum standards,agreed to be enrolled in the study and met inclusion criteria.The qualitative content analysis revealed the following themes relevant to taking an anamnesis:(1)Knowledge;(2)Soft skills(relationship-building abilities,trust,and attitude);(3)Methodical skills(structuring,precision,and completeness of information gathering);and(4)Environmental/contextual factors(language barrier,time pressure,interruptions).Overall,health care professionals consider empathy and attitude as critical features concerning the quality of medical history taking.When looking at physicians’theoretical conceptions,more general practitioners and psychiatrists mentioned attitude and empathy in the context of"ideal medical history taking",with a higher percentage of females.With respect to observations of students’history taking,a positive impact from attitude and empathy was mainly described by male health care professionals,whereas no predominance of specialty was found.Representatives of general medicine and internal medicine,when observing medical students,more often emphasized a negative impact on history taking when students lacked attitude or showed non-empathetic behavior;no gender-specific difference was detected for this finding.CONCLUSION The analysis reveals that for clinicians engaged in medical student education,only a combination of skills,including adequate knowledge and methodical implementations,is supposed to guarantee acceptable performance.This study’s findings support the importance of concepts like relationship building,attitude,and empathy.However,there may be contextual factors in play as well,and transference of theoretical concepts into the clinical setting might prove challenging.

Century-Long History and Basic Experience of the CPC in Leading China’s Rural Development

Over the past century,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has led hundreds of millions of farmers through five stages(rural revolution,rural construction,rural reform,rural transformation and rural revitalization)to forge a road of rural development with Chinese characteristics.In the course of constant exploration and innovation,the CPC has always adhered to its original aspiration and founding mission of seeking happiness for the farmers,taken liberating and developing the productive forces as the central principle,regarded coordinating urban and rural development as the action guideline,and set“achieving common prosperity”as the target direction,and accumulated valuable historical experiences in three aspects:Firstly,the CPC has emphasized the vital role and pioneering spirit of farmers,effectively mobilizing and organizing the broad participation of rural masses.Secondly,it has committed to the collective ownership of rural land and managed the relationship between farmers and land.Lastly,the CPC has remained focused on the interests of farmers,continuously advancing reform and innovation in accordance with the changing times.

新时代加强大学生中共党史教育“时度效”的要求、问题与路径

“时度效”是检验中共党史教育成效的重要指标。新时代加强大学生中共党史教育“时度效”需要遵循坚持党性与时代性相统一、思想性与科学性相融合、精准性与有效性相结合等基本要求。从“时度效”视角透视新时代部分大学生中共党史教育问题,主要体现在“时”的掌握不准、“度”的把握不足、“效”的实现不佳三个方面,亟需以“育以因时”为基本点、以“育以适度”为关节点、以“育以有效”为落脚点,着力从更新教育理念内容、创新教育方式方法、提升党史育人质量三个层面协同推进、共同发力,以助力于新时代大学生中共党史教育提质增效。

论马克思主义具体化的要求

马克思主义具有具体化的要求,这是其“绝对命令”。马克思主义具体化的要求是马克思批判和继承黑格尔思想遗产的成果。在思辨唯心主义基础上,黑格尔批判了主观思想,试图实现客观思想对主观思想的超越,区分了抽象的普遍性和真正的普遍性,并使真正的普遍性能够具体化。马克思主义具体化的要求与马克思思想的当代性质和阶级立场直接相关。唯物史观“社会现实”和“历史本质性”原则的发现为马克思主义具体化的要求找到了根据和立足点。作为历史科学的唯物史观的方法论原则要求马克思主义必须具体化,必须把一般原理转化为具体方法和实施纲要。马克思主义中国化时代化是马克思主义具体化的要求在中国的贯彻、落实和实现。

唯物史观与中华优秀传统思想的进步历史观

在中国哲学史上,哲学家们提出了一系列关于社会历史发展规律的观点和看法。中华优秀传统历史观念构成了中华优秀传统思想的进步历史观。中华优秀传统思想的进步历史观包括重“势”的进步社会历史观、对厚古薄今复古主义历史观的批判思想、民本思想、大同思想、“大一统”思想等,蕴含着与唯物史观相契合的合理因素和创新萌芽,在中国社会历史观发展史上产生了积极影响,为马克思主义唯物史观的中国化时代化贡献了中华优秀传统哲学智慧。汲取中华优秀传统思想进步历史观的有益成分,有助于进一步实现唯物史观与中华优秀传统思想进步历史观的有机结合,在“两个结合”中继续推进马克思主义中国化时代化。

一级学科视域下中共党史党建学理论的建设

作为一级学科,中共党史党建学要有源自并属于本学科的理论,中共党史党建学理论是必设的二级学科。搭建中共党史党建学理论自主的整体性框架,主要包括基本结构层面和功能运行层面。前者针对的是内部组成要素,涉及本体论、认识论和方法论;后者则针对研究过程中的边界与操作,从学理上将中共党史党建学理论研究同史学理论研究、政治学理论研究等相邻学科理论区分开来。作为独立的学科,中共党史党建学理论既不要理论依附、理论移植,也不要理论泛化,而是基于理论与实践通过有机联动、相互支撑、共同发展等手段而最终定型。中共党史党建学理论,不仅能够促进学科建设,更有利于服务中国共产党的治国理政。

图书馆史研究与编纂的历史逻辑

文章以历史观为出发点,在前人有关图书馆史研究与编纂研究的基础上,提出史料、史迹、史境、史脉、史识的历史逻辑理论;以中山大学图书馆百年馆史研究与编纂的实践为案例,从立足史料、呈现史迹、再现史境、传承史脉、端正史识五个方面系统阐释“五史”理论在实践中的具体运用,助益新时代图书馆史研究与图书馆史志编纂发展。

《德意志意识形态》中的唯物史观叙事结构及其科学内涵

唯物史观的叙事结构鲜明地赋存了意识形态批判“由破而立”的逻辑线索。马克思、恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中立足于实现人的自由解放的求索导向,以确立唯物史观的叙事话语破除了以往传统旧思想体系的意识形态桎梏,充分彰显了意识形态批判的否定性逻辑、建构性逻辑和超越性逻辑的科学内涵,并以此为思想视域,进一步指导无产阶级革命理论的创新发展。立足于《德意志意识形态批判》的原初语境,挖掘唯物史观在叙事层级和逻辑结构上所内蕴的意识形态批判的科学内涵,无论是对于充实当今马克思主义文本诠释和原著探究的发展来说,还是对于深刻认识马克思主义的科学张力和真理伟力来说,都具有重大的现实意义。

党的二十大精神融入中国音乐史课程思政的研究与实践

中国音乐史课程蕴含丰富的课程思政元素,是音乐专业课程思政建设的重要阵地。在党的二十大精神引领下,可以深入挖掘、有效整合课程内容,确立与中国音乐三大发展阶段相对应的6个思政主题、25项思政案例和思政点,构建线索鲜明、专题突出、案例典型的“音乐+历史+现实+思政”四位一体育人体系。在课程改革中进一步探索数字赋能教学新模式,并以“思政+通识”为目标,在“三全育人”格局下打造高质量中国音乐史公共选修课和线上慕课,对音乐课程思政推进和数字化革新等具有探索、借鉴价值。

新观念、新资料与福建事变研究

福建事变的学术研究经历了从偏重革命理论阐释到史学研究的转变。学界基于新革命史、民国史以及民国史与革命史交融等史学观念,运用海内外相继开放的新资料,对福建事变各种细部的实证研究成果丰硕,对既往一些片面、偏差、模糊认识的澄清,颇具进展。其中关于十九路军反蒋的特殊性、中共因应福建事变的复杂态度与实际过程、国民党蒋介石处理福建事变的心态与策略、西南与福建事变的关系、福建事变之于南京与西南关系的影响等方面的成果尤为显著。在资料运用从“发现”到“发明”、研究内容从“求真”到“求解”、以新的历史叙事推进整体研究等方面,福建事变研究仍有待进一步深化与探索。

开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界——学习中共二十大报告体悟

学习“开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界”,须关注三个问题的理解。首先,要深刻理解习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的形成是现时代的需求和历史发展必然的产物,但它不是自发的产物,它的形成既有科学的理论前提,又有深厚的实践基础,是中国共产党勇于理论创新的伟大结晶。其次,要清晰理解“归根到底是马克思主义行”和“是中国化时代化的马克思主义行”之间的关系,二者既有共同性,又有差异性,共同性是本质性的,差异性是外在的表现形式。最后,习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想世界观和方法论的立场、观点方法的“六个必须坚持”,是马克思主义中国化时代化理论创新的重要组成部分。

什么是历史,怎样做历史研究

对历史一词的认知,概括起来有两个释义:一有对历史本身的释义,是“自然界和人类社会的发展过程”,或是称为“过去的事实”“过去的存在”;二是对历史学的释义,是“过去的事实的记载”。这样的认知已固化在人们的头脑中,其实这只是一个直观历史的表面现象的描述,用梁启超的话说,就是“解剖”历史的认知,没有说清楚历史的本质,不具有哲学理论的高度。换用梁启超“鸟瞰”的观察方法,准确地表述“什么是历史”,用一句话概括就是“在一定的时间和空间范围内存在的物与人和事就是历史”,即历史的本质存在于一定范围的时空之中,也就是历史存在的两个条件时间和空间,缺一不可。由于空间无限大,人们短暂的时间感知不到它的变化,而时间是一个矢量,永远沿着直线向一个方向飞进,即时间瞬间而逝,时间不回流,也就是消逝的历史不再现,即不可知。我们已知的历史是人类发明语言文字后留下的记忆,所以人类社会上百万年,已知的历史只有五千年到一万年,因流畅语言的产生只有一万年,文字的产生只有五千年,消逝的原生态历史已不可知,已知历史是历史家凭语言文字记载的历史记忆重新复制的历史。原生态历史只有一个版本,而语言文字留下的复制品历史可以有若干版本。因此历史研究,就是对已知复制品历史作复盘研究,揭示作者的历史观,运用推论升华复制品历史,使之无限接近全生态历史。

马克思的历史观与哲学变革

历史观是马克思最具原创性贡献的领域之一,唯物史观就是马克思的哲学或马克思主义哲学。唯物史观诞生以前,一切哲学在历史观上都受困于“观念的神话”与“遮蔽”。而“观念的神话”与“遮蔽”,源自人类实践的具体历史形式--分工,特别是物质生产与精神生产的分工以及职业精神生产者的出现和扩大。唯物史观的创立,终结了观念决定历史的神话、超历史的历史哲学的神话、历史宿命论的神话,开辟了一种崭新的哲学图景。坚持和发展唯物史观,应摈弃从观念到观念、从文献到文献、从概念到概念的研究范式,从实践的不同历史形态的变化入手,展开活的历史研究。

关于中国区域抗战史研究的几个问题--以晋察冀边区与河北省域抗战史研究为例

构建中国区域抗战史的理论体系与架构体系及其立论视角与研究方法,是中国区域抗战史研究亟待解决的共性问题。中国抗日战争所具有的“两重性质”即抗日与民主(反帝,并伴随着反封建)和“双重目的”即民族独立与建立新中国(争取民族独立,并伴随着开创新中国),决定了区域抗战的本质及其战略总目标(在抗战中改造旧社会,创造新社会),这是构建区域抗战史的理论体系与架构体系的关键所在。唯有站在中华民族抗战与中国未来前途的新视角、新高度,聚焦中华民族抗战与国内民主改革之关系,才能科学地构建区域抗战史的理论体系与架构体系,并在坚持唯物史观和正确抗战史观的同时,真正克服历史虚无主义与碎片化。

习近平抗战史观对“纲要”抗战史教学的导向引领

“中国近现代史纲要”课要以习近平抗战史观为指导,以科学的立场和观点来认识抗日战争的历史,深入理解抗战历史的史鉴作用,珍惜来之不易的和平,在正视历史的基础上,展望未来,培养当代大学生爱国主义情怀,弘扬抗战精神。抗战史要以史实发言,帮助大学生全面系统的学习抗战历史,从而提升大学生的历史唯物主义水平和历史辨析能力。习近平抗战史观对当代大学生学习抗战史、提升历史素养,以及加强思想政治和爱国主义教育起到导向引领作用。

大学生党史学习的价值意蕴及加强策略研究

强化大学生党史学习有助于当代大学生形成正确的党史观,同时也会让当代大学生形成良好的担当意识。正确的党史观会有助于当代大学生树立坚定的历史自信,在提升政治素养的同时自觉抵制错误党史观念的影响。作为未来社会主义建设基石的重要组成部分,当代大学生有责任也有义务正确认识我党的艰苦奋斗历史,以坚定不移的信念承担起未来实现民族伟大复兴的历史重任。