It has been more than one century since the activated sludge process was invented.Despite its proven stability and reliability,the energy(especially the electrical energy)use in wastewater treatment should evolve to m...It has been more than one century since the activated sludge process was invented.Despite its proven stability and reliability,the energy(especially the electrical energy)use in wastewater treatment should evolve to meet the increasingly urgent demand of energy efficiency.This paper discusses how the energy utilized in conventional biological wastewater treatment can be altered by switching the indirect energy input to a direct electricity injection,which is achieved by the elecfrode integration providing extra thermodynamic driving force to biodegradation.By using electrodes instead of oxygen as terminal electron acceptors,the electrical energy can be utilized more efficiently,and the key of direct use of electrical energy in biodegradation is the development of highly active electroactive biofilm and the increase of electron transfer between microbes and the electrode.Furthermore,the synergy of different microbial electrochemical units has additional benefit in energy and resource recovery,making wastewater treatment more sustainable.展开更多
Concurrent engineering (CE) is a systematic approach to integrate concurrent design of products and their related processes. Its objective is to shorten product life cycle, improve product quality and reduce product c...Concurrent engineering (CE) is a systematic approach to integrate concurrent design of products and their related processes. Its objective is to shorten product life cycle, improve product quality and reduce product cost. Modeling the concurrent engineering product development process (CEPDP) is a key part of this process which has attracted the attention of researchers and engineers around the world. This paper focuses on a newly developed and potentially powerful CEPDP modeling philosophy——integrated multi view modeling (IMVM), by which managers can foresee the evolution of a product from its conception to its disposal and consider all the important factors in its production before a project is launched. CEPDP/IMVM is a product oriented modeling method. A modeling environment is used to establish a systematic model including different aspects of the process such as product information, development activities, enterprise resources, and organizational structure. The integration within an IMVM model should accurately reflect the PDPs dynamic characteristics and provide necessary information for monitoring and coordinating processes.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51922051)the Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Tianjin(20JCJQJC00040).
文摘It has been more than one century since the activated sludge process was invented.Despite its proven stability and reliability,the energy(especially the electrical energy)use in wastewater treatment should evolve to meet the increasingly urgent demand of energy efficiency.This paper discusses how the energy utilized in conventional biological wastewater treatment can be altered by switching the indirect energy input to a direct electricity injection,which is achieved by the elecfrode integration providing extra thermodynamic driving force to biodegradation.By using electrodes instead of oxygen as terminal electron acceptors,the electrical energy can be utilized more efficiently,and the key of direct use of electrical energy in biodegradation is the development of highly active electroactive biofilm and the increase of electron transfer between microbes and the electrode.Furthermore,the synergy of different microbial electrochemical units has additional benefit in energy and resource recovery,making wastewater treatment more sustainable.
文摘Concurrent engineering (CE) is a systematic approach to integrate concurrent design of products and their related processes. Its objective is to shorten product life cycle, improve product quality and reduce product cost. Modeling the concurrent engineering product development process (CEPDP) is a key part of this process which has attracted the attention of researchers and engineers around the world. This paper focuses on a newly developed and potentially powerful CEPDP modeling philosophy——integrated multi view modeling (IMVM), by which managers can foresee the evolution of a product from its conception to its disposal and consider all the important factors in its production before a project is launched. CEPDP/IMVM is a product oriented modeling method. A modeling environment is used to establish a systematic model including different aspects of the process such as product information, development activities, enterprise resources, and organizational structure. The integration within an IMVM model should accurately reflect the PDPs dynamic characteristics and provide necessary information for monitoring and coordinating processes.
