Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows

Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always effective.Cows with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks postpartum.Methods Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design experiment.Cows were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same diet.Treatment effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS.Results No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d postpartum.Cows receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of lactation.Infusion of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with CON.Compared to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.

Mixed Integer Robust Programming Model for Multimodal Fresh Agricultural Products Terminal Distribution Network Design

The low efficiency and high cost of fresh agricultural product terminal distribution directly restrict the operation of the entire supply network.To reduce costs and optimize the distribution network,we construct a mixed integer programmingmodel that comprehensively considers tominimize fixed,transportation,fresh-keeping,time,carbon emissions,and performance incentive costs.We analyzed the performance of traditional rider distribution and robot distribution modes in detail.In addition,the uncertainty of the actual market demand poses a huge threat to the stability of the terminal distribution network.In order to resist uncertain interference,we further extend the model to a robust counterpart form.The results of the simulation show that the instability of random parameters will lead to an increase in the cost.Compared with the traditional rider distribution mode,the robot distribution mode can save 12.7%on logistics costs,and the distribution efficiency is higher.Our research can provide support for the design of planning schemes for transportation enterprise managers.

Effects of Functional Organic Materials on Fresh Weight,Quality,Single-melon Weight and SPAD Value of Watermelon

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore a functional organic material formula suitable for watermelon cultivation with high quality,high yield and high efficiency.[Methods]Four treatments were set in the experiment,namely four functional organic materials,garlic straw treatment(T_(1)),onion straw treatment(T_(2)),garlic straw+sheep manure treatment(T_(3))and onion straw+chicken manure treatment(T_(4)),to investigate the effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon.[Results]The effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were quite different.The fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were higher in treatment T_(3)applying garlic straw and sheep manure and treatment T_(4)applying onion straw and chicken manure than in treatment T_(1)applying garlic straw and treatment T_(2)applying onion straw.Specifically,the fresh weight of whole plant was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 12.83%and 5.94%respectively compared with treatment T_(1);the weight of single melon was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 42.45%and 31.77%respectively compared with treatment T_(2);and the SPAD values of treatments T_(3)and T_(4)were significantly higher than those of treatments T_(1)and T_(2),and the value of treatment T_(3)was the largest.[Conclusions]This study provides theoretical support for the popularization and application of fertilization techniques combining organic fertilizers and reduced chemical fertilizers for watermelon.

Fresh Processing Technology in Polygonatum odoratum Production Area and Its Comparison with Traditional Processing

[Objectives]To compare the effects of traditional processing and fresh processing on the quality of Polygonatum odoratum decoction piece.[Methods]The effects of fresh processing and traditional processing on the quality of P.odoratum decoction piece were compared and analyzed with appearance characteristics,total ash content,extract content,total polysaccharides content,and total flavonoids content as the evaluation indexes.[Results]Fresh processing method in different production areas has different effects on P.odoratum decoction piece.P.odoratum was dried in oven of 50℃.When moisture content was 41.44%-59.67%,it was cut.After complete drying at 50℃,the moisture content of dried P.odoratum was 8.94%-9.60%,and ethanol-soluble extract content was 77.29%-78.20%,and water-soluble extract was 77.7%-78.14%.At this time,the appearance characteristics of section of P.odoratum decoction piece were better than that of traditional processing,which was yellowish white.The total polysaccharide content was higher than that of traditional processing,and the content of total flavonoids was statistically significant different from that of traditional processing.[Conclusions]The quality of P.odoratum decoction piece by fresh processing is better than that of the traditional processing,and it is feasible to use fresh processing.

人类白细胞抗原相合同胞新鲜脐血移植治疗儿童β重型地中海贫血

背景:异基因造血干细胞移植是目前根治重型地中海贫血最有效的方法,然而仅有不到一半的患者能找到相合的骨髓或外周血干细胞。同胞来源脐血干细胞与骨髓和外周血干细胞具有不同的特征,是重型地中海贫血患者移植治疗的一种潜在造血干细胞替代来源。目的:探讨应用人类白细胞抗原相合同胞新鲜脐血移植治疗儿童β重型地中海贫血的疗效。方法:选择2010年6月至2020年6月南方医科大学南方医院收治的β重型地中海贫血患儿48例,男28例,女20例,中位年龄4岁,均接受人类白细胞抗原相合同胞新鲜脐血移植治疗,脐血移植前均采用清髓性不含抗胸腺细胞球蛋白的预处理方案,脐血移植后均采用环孢素A+吗替麦考酚酯+/-短程甲氨蝶呤预防移植物抗宿主病。结果与结论:(1)48例患儿输注的总有核细胞中位数为8.17×10^(7)/kg,输注的CD34^(+)细胞中位数为2.40×10^(5)/kg,脐血移植后中位随访时间98个月,44例植入成功,粒细胞和血小板植入中位时间分别为28 d和31 d,其中37例移植后植入证据检测为供者型完全嵌合,7例移植后早期检测为供受者稳定混合嵌合;(2)44例植入成功患儿中,4例发生急性移植物抗宿主病,分别为Ⅰ级(n=2)和Ⅱ级(n=2),受累器官均为皮肤,均未发生慢性移植物抗宿主病;(3)脐血移植后,48例患儿中5例发生巨细胞病毒感染及激活,12例发生败血症,3例发生侵袭性真菌病,21例发生口腔炎,8例发生出血性膀胱炎,1例发生肝静脉闭塞;(4)48例患儿中,47例存活,1例在移植后28 d因重症肺炎合并急性心力衰竭死亡,43例无病存活,3例发生原发性植入失败,1例发生移植后全血细胞减少,5年总生存率和无病生存率分别为98%和89%,1年时移植相关死亡的累计发病率为2.1%;(5)结果显示,人类白细胞抗原相合同胞新鲜脐血移植治疗儿童β重型地中海贫血的效果良好,移植物抗宿主病的发生风险低。

知识建构社区交互行为对观点深度影响的研究

知识建构理论注重学习者主动提出观点,通过各种交互行为让学生提出的观点走向更深的层次。文章对18节知识建构课堂交互行为进行了分析,探究不同交互行为对观点深度的影响。研究发现,知识建构社区中交互行为对观点深度的作用主要表现在教师的言语行为和学生的言语行为两个方面,其中教师语言行为对观点深度的作用要大于学生语言行为的影响,由此可见知识建构社区走向深入教师的言语行为引导非常重要。

Effect of Different Nitrogen Application Amount on the Net Increment of Fresh Dry Weight in Hybrid Rape

[ Objective] The aim of the research was to provide reference for reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer for high yield.cultivation of hybrid rape cuhivar Youyan 9 and Youyan 10. [ Method] The net increment changes of individual plant fresh weight and dry matter weight of Youyan 9 and Youyan 10 with different nitrogen application treatments were studied. [ Result] The differences among average fresh weight increments of individual plant and average dry matter weight increment of individual plant with different treatments reached 0. 01 extremely significant level. Fresh weight increment and dry matter weight net increment of individual plant declined gradually with the increase of nitrogen application. In growtheourse ,fresh weight net increment of individual plant increased firstly then decreased and the maximum was in beginning flowering stage, besides that dry matter net increment increased gradually and the maximum was in mature period. The correlations among fresh net increment, dry matter weight net increment and yield net increment were positive or extremely positive. [ Conclusion] Under experimental condition, when nitrogen application was 225 kg/hm^2, hybrid rape Yanyou 9 and Yanyou 10 with low erucic,low glucosinolate could obtain high yield.

Research on Protected Cultivation of Fresh Faba Bean Tong Can Xian 7

[Objective] The aim was to provide scientific basis for protected cultivation of faba bean. [Method] Comparative analysis of the plant height, the first pod height, the branch number per plant, the node position of first pod, the node num- ber, yield per plant, plot yield of fresh pod were studied by using Tongcanxian 7 which were planted at different seeding time and different density. [Result] The re- sults show that Tongcanxian 7 had maximum yield with 37 500 plant/hm2 when sowed on November 2. [Conclusion] Plastic greenhouse cultivation is appropriate for fresh eating faba bean, the sowing-time is the beginning of November and the best density is 7 500 plant/hm2.

Effect of Freshness Protection Package on Storage and Preservation of Chinese Cabbage

The effect of freshness protection package on Chinese cabbage placed in the self-made shelf in ventilated storage was investigated, and the physiological-qual-ity indexes change were determined during the storage period. The results showed that the losses of weight and vitamin C were significantly reduced. The accumula-tion of crude fiber was effectively inhibited. But protein content was maintained at a low level and the rotting more serious of Chinese cabbage at the end of the stor-age packaged with the fresh keeping bags.

Effects of Facilities Condition on Occurrence of Freeze Injury and Fresh Pod Yield of Broad Bean

Using Tongxian No.2 as material, the effects of different film-covering time, different sowing time and different planting density on the occurrence of freeze injury and yield of fresh broad beans were investigated. The randomized block design was adopted. The results showed that with the delayed film covering, the incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were increased correspondingly, but the yield was increased; with the delayed sowing, the branch number per plant, effective branch number per plant, incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were all reduced, and the broad beans, sowed on September 30 th, obtained the highest yield; planting density showed on effect on the occurrence of freeze injury, and the yield was increased with the increase of planting density. Under the same film-covering time, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density and it was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September 30th;under the same sowing time, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and increased planting density; under the same planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time but was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it was highest when the broad bean seeds were sowed on September30 th. Under same film-covering time and sowing time, the total branch number per plant and effective branch number per plant were reduced, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density; under same film-covering time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September30th; under same sowing time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury and the yield were all increased with the delayed film-covering time.

新零售背景下生鲜电商线上线下整合模式研究——以京东7fresh为例

随着我国电子商务市场的繁荣、O2O模式的发展和二维码扫码技术的成熟,生鲜电商利用线上线下深度融合经营优势,推动了新零售背景下传统生鲜行业的转型升级。本文以生鲜电商线上线下整合模式典型代表京东7fresh为例,从消费者行为理论出发,基于SICAS理论和问卷调查的结果,分析京东7fresh在网络营销中存在的问题,并提出相应的优化策略。

鲜食玉米收获机果穗箱减损导流装置设计与试验

针对鲜食玉米联合收获机作业过程中,玉米果穗从输送带上掉落直接砸到果穗箱底板或者果穗先撞击到果穗箱后方侧板再弹跳到底板,二次撞击造成果穗损伤严重的问题,设计了能使果穗减少损伤的果穗箱减损导流装置。该装置焊接在果穗箱体上,由倾斜底板和果穗箱后方侧板与底板连接部分组成。通过对鲜食玉米进行滚动摩擦试验,将果穗箱倾斜底板的倾角设计为8°;通过对输送带上和离开输送带抛入到空中的玉米果穗进行运动学分析,将果穗箱后方侧板与底板连接部分设计为最速降线,并根据安装位置及尺寸计算出最速降线的参数。为了验证减损导流装置的作业性能,用不含减损导流装置的果穗箱和含有减损导流装置果穗箱的两台鲜食玉米收获机以6、8、10 km/h前进速度进行田间作业试验,结果表明:不同作业速度下,使用含有减损导流装置的果穗箱的底层玉米平均损伤率低于不含减损导流装置的果穗箱,该设计装置符合作业要求。

14.6 tex Modal Fresh/棉混纺纱的生产实践

介绍了Modal Fresh纤维的特性,阐述了Modal Fresh纤维与棉混纺生产中应注意的几个问题,并按开清棉、梳棉、并粗、细纱和络筒工序进行了叙述。

等离子体活化水耦合生物保鲜剂对牛肉的保鲜作用

为延长生鲜牛肉货架期,本研究设计了一种等离子体活化水(plasma-activated water,PAW)耦合ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐(ε-polylysine hydrochloride,ε-PLH)、乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)的保鲜方法,并辅以六偏磷酸钠作为保水剂,探究此保鲜技术对生鲜牛肉的保鲜效果以及对贮藏期间品质变化的影响。结果表明,经PAW-ε-PLH-Nisin处理的牛肉经真空包装并于4℃条件下贮藏28 d后,其菌落总数为5.1(lg(CFU/g)),仍在可接受范围内;其总挥发性盐基氮值在贮藏21 d后为18.3 mg/100 g,保持在二级鲜度标准。对样品在贮藏期间的红度、质构、感官评分、硫代巴比妥酸反应物含量、脂肪酸组成、总巯基含量、羰基含量等的检测分析发现,PAW-ε-PLH-Nisin处理能显著提高牛肉红色,保持牛肉质构和感官评分的贮藏稳定性,延缓牛肉脂质和蛋白质氧化,并维持脂肪酸贮藏稳定性。以上研究表明,PAW-ε-PLH-Nisin在生鲜牛肉保鲜领域具有较高的应用潜力与开发价值。

鲜食玉米收获机果穗箱盖设计

鲜食玉米收获作业初期,玉米直接砸在果穗箱底部将产生严重机械损伤,为减小此阶段的损伤,设计了一款减损果穗箱盖。该箱盖主要由减损板、四杆驱动机构、缓冲弹簧组成,可降低鲜食玉米落至箱底前的速度,从而减少其跌落损伤,实现减损目的。通过对鲜食玉米收获机无盖作业时单个玉米的动能分析,得到单个玉米最小损伤变形能。设计果穗箱盖四杆动力机构,使其满足作业效果;对缓冲弹簧进行受力分析,得到缓冲弹簧的最大载荷,以此确定缓冲弹簧参数。分析有盖作业时鲜食玉米下落碰撞运动,计算得到鲜食玉米接触箱底时的理论变形能,此时的变形能远小于无盖作业,证明了鲜食玉米收获过程中有盖作业减损的可能性。对设计的鲜食玉米果穗箱盖进行田间验证试验,结果表明:果穗箱盖对收获初期鲜食玉米有明显保护作用,通过对果穗箱底进行分区采样,发现箱底中间位置损伤程度低于边缘位置,满足预期果穗箱盖减损要求。

真空加工处理对鲜食糯玉米淀粉结构和理化性质的影响

为探究真空加工处理对鲜食糯玉米淀粉结构和理化性质的影响,以黄糯619和黑宝两个鲜食糯玉米品种为原料,通过扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪和快速黏度分析仪等研究真空加工处理对鲜食糯玉米淀粉微观结构和理化性质的影响。结果表明:真空加工处理使黄糯619和黑宝2种鲜食糯玉米的直链淀粉含量显著升高(P<0.05),分别由5.39%和6.26%升高至8.52%和9.71%,支链淀粉含量显著降低(P<0.05),分别由94.61%和93.74%降低至91.48%和90.29%,淀粉颗粒破坏严重,淀粉的晶体类型和官能团结构没有改变,但相对结晶度分别降低了9.62%和9.41%;真空加工处理后,2种鲜食糯玉米淀粉的起始温度、峰值温度、终止温度和糊化焓值显著下降(P<0.05),淀粉的糊化温度、峰值黏度、最终黏度、衰减值、回生值显著下降(P<0.05),表明淀粉更容易发生糊化,抗老化能力增强。此外,真空加工处理使鲜食糯玉米淀粉的抗性淀粉(RS)转变为快消化淀粉(RDS)和慢消化淀粉(SDS),说明真空加工处理能够提高鲜食糯玉米淀粉的消化速率。本实验结果可以为鲜食糯玉米真空加工与利用提供理论依据。

小麦Glu-D1位点高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基对面条品质影响研究

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GSs)是影响面条产品质量的关键蛋白组分,其中Glu-D1位点编码的HMW-GSs对面团及面制品的品质贡献效应最大。为明确Glu-D1位点不同HMW-GS对3类主要面条产品品质的影响规律,本研究以小偃22遗传背景下Glu-D1位点HMW-GSs分别为2+12、3+12、4+12和5+10的4个BC6F4代近等基因系为试验材料,系统研究比较了4种亚基对鲜湿面、挂面以及冷冻熟面品质的影响规律。结果表明,与其他亚基相比,含有3+12亚基的鲜湿面具有较好的烹调吸水率和较低的烹调损失率,同时硬度、弹性、回复性、咀嚼性等较好;含有3+12亚基的挂面最佳煮制时间短、烹调吸水率较高、烹调损失率较低,而含有2+12亚基的挂面硬度和咀嚼性适中、黏附性低、回复性较高;含有3+12和2+12亚基的冷冻熟面冻藏稳定性较好,含有3+12亚基的冷冻熟面硬度适中,咀嚼性较高,整体质构特性表现较好。本研究结果可为面条专用小麦品种选育、专用加工原粮选择、专用粉开发等提供参考。

High-efficiency Planting Techniques of Five Crops a Year for Fresh Edible "Faba Bean/Spring Mazie+Soybean-Autumn Maize/Autumn Soybean"

The high-efficiency planting mode for five crops a year of fresh edible ＂faba bean/spring maize＋soybean-autumn maize/autumn soybean＂ was introduced, and its yield and economic benefits were compared with the planting mode of three crops a year of ＂faba bean-spring maize/red bean＂. The results showed that the planting method for fresh edible ＂faba bean/spring maize＋soybean-autumn maize/autumn soybean＂ was much easier to operate with the input-output ratio of about185.6%, and its yield and economic benefits were 2.09 and 1.83 times of that of the planting mode for three crops a year, significantly improving the agricultural yield and income of farmers. In addition, the cropping index of the planting mode for fresh edible fresh edible ＂faba bean/spring maize ＋soybean-autumn maize/autumn soybean＂ reached up to 350%, and planting faba bean once a year and soybean twice a year could make the biological fixation amount of nitrogen increase 350-450kg/m^2, which equaled to up to 700 kg/m^2 of urea, showing significant ecological and social benefits. Based on the comparison results, the high-yield culture techniques of the planting mode of fresh edible ＂faba bean/spring maize＋soybean-autumn maize/autumn soybean＂ were summarized.

Multivariate Regression Analysis on Correlated Characters about Fresh Pod Yield of Fresh Edible Soybean

Objective] The alm was to survey 10 characters of 8 fresh edibIe soy-bean varieties, analyze maln Ioading factors using principal component analysis, and estabIish muItipIe regression equation on fresh pod yield. [Methods] Through princi-pal component analysis on 10 characters of 8 fresh edibIe soybean varieties, char-acters reIated to fresh pod yield of fresh edibIe soybean were cIarified. [Results] Af-ter the principal components analysis, pod weight per pIant, 100-seed weight and pod number per pIant of fresh edibIe soybean were chosen to study their reIation with the yield of fresh edibIe soybean, moreover, it was demonstrated that the reIa-tion was Iinear reIation, thus it was suitabIe for muItivariate regression analysis. Fi-nal y, the mathematical expression formuIa about fresh pod yield was estabIished. [Conclusions] There were three characters affecting fresh pod yield, nameIy, pod weight per pIant, 100-seed weight and pod number per pIant, the mathematical equation was y=816.732＋4.145X6-0.718X8-0.985X9 （X6： pod weight per pIant; X8： 100-seed weight; X9： pod number per pIant）.

Effects of Salinity and Freezing on Freshness of Crucian

Salt tolerance and freeze preservation of crucian are always important concerns of people. There are rare reports on effect of different salinity on fresh- ness and quality. However, water salinity will directly affect osmotic pressure in fish, thereby affecting meat quality. In this study, the tolerance of crucian to different salinities （1‰, 2‰, 5‰, 8‰, 10‰ and 15‰） was investigated. In addition, the ef- fect of different salinity on freezing freshness and quality of crucian was studied. The results showed that the tolerance threshold of crucian to salinity was about 8‰, and the freezing quality of crucian in water with salinity of ‰ was significantly better than that in fresh water.